Question 1

The movement of affluent people into poor urban neighborhoods is called__________ .
A) social movement
B) social mobility
C) gentrification
D) vertical movement

Accepted Answer

Gentrification refers to the process where wealthier individuals move into economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods, often leading to increased property values and displacement of lower-income residents.

Question 2

The most fundamental cause of environmental pollution is
A) ignorance.
B) disrespectful and wasteful attitudes toward nature.
C) poverty.
D) natural changes in the biosphere.

Accepted Answer

Disrespectful and wasteful attitudes toward nature lead to unsustainable practices and overconsumption, which are primary drivers of environmental pollution.

Question 3

Jenny is a single, 25-year-old accountant. She lives in the city because it is convenient to her work and because of the cultural benefits it offers her. Herbert Gans would most likely describe Jenny as
A) a cosmopolite.
B) an ethnic villager.
C) a deprived urban dweller.
D) a trapped urban dweller.

Accepted Answer

Herbert Gans would describe Jenny as a cosmopolite because she is a young professional living in the city for its convenience and cultural benefits, which aligns with the characteristics of cosmopolites who are often drawn to urban areas for similar reasons.

Question 4

The major stimulus to the urban explosion was
A) agricultural surpluses.
B) new urban values.
C) the growth of technology.
D) the Industrial Revolution.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution was the major stimulus to the urban explosion as it led to the growth of factories and jobs in urban areas, drawing people from rural areas to cities.

Question 5

For all ecosystems there are two ecological principles: first, that natural resources are finite and, second,
A) changing one aspect has consequences on other aspects of a system.
B) changes enhance the ecosystem.
C) all aspects of an ecosystem are independent of each other.
D) ecosystems cause pollution.

Accepted Answer

Changing one aspect of an ecosystem can have consequences on other aspects, reflecting the interconnectedness of ecosystem components.

Question 6

Megacity Tokyo, Japan copes with the many problems that come with a densely populated area in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A) extract sewage heat to regulate temperatures in buildings.
B) alert drivers of congested street areas.
C) placing a limit on the number of cars sold.
D) building an underground city.

Accepted Answer

Tokyo does not place a limit on the number of cars sold as a method to cope with problems of dense population.

Question 7

One way to solve current environmental problems is to limit
A) the number of power plants.
B) control global warming.
C) the use of natural resources.
D) population and economic growth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One way to solve current environmental problems...

Question 8

Lois and Philip are a childless couple who buy a run-down house on the edge of a low income neighborhood and spend their time refurbishing it. They and other persons like them are involved in
A) urbanization.
B) gentrification.
C) suburbanization.
D) modernization.

Accepted Answer

Gentrification refers to the process where individuals or groups move into a deteriorating urban neighborhood, renovate properties, and often displace lower-income residents, leading to increased property values and changes in the neighborhood's character.

Question 9

Jane is a feminist who argues that environmental problems are caused by the Western culture of patriarchy. She would be called a__________ ecofeminist.
A) liberal
B) cultural
C) socialist
D) matriarchal

Accepted Answer

Cultural ecofeminists argue that environmental problems are rooted in patriarchal structures and values, which are often associated with Western culture.

Question 10

Acid rain is believed to result primarily from
A) water pollution.
B) chemical pollution converting to acidic compounds.
C) pesticides.
D) burning fossil fuels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Acid rain is believed to result primarily...

Question 11

All of the following are methods Americans have used to control environmental problems EXCEPT
A) antipollution laws.
B) conservation of energy.
C) requiring use of public transportation in major cities.
D) alternative technology.

Accepted Answer

Requiring the use of public transportation in major cities is not a method that has been mandated or widely implemented in the U.S. as a means to control environmental problems.

Question 12

The technical name for areas with a large, concentrated population and their adjacent communities is
A) urban zone.
B) urban sector.
C) megalopolis.
D) metropolitan statistical area.

Accepted Answer

A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a region with a high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the area, including adjacent communities.

Question 13

The migration of people from countryside to cities, increasing the proportion of a population that lives in cities, is called
A) citification.
B) urbanization.
C) advanced civilization.
D) industrialization.

Accepted Answer

Urbanization is the process of people moving from rural areas to cities.

Question 14

Jane is in her mid-seventies. She lives in a small apartment in a deteriorating area of the city. She would like to move but lives on a fixed income. She cannot afford the move, and will not distance herself from medical care. Herbert Gans would classify her as
A) cosmopolitan.
B) trapped.
C) deprived.
D) an ethnic villager.

Accepted Answer

Herbert Gans would classify Jane as "trapped" because she is unable to move due to financial constraints and her need to stay close to medical care, despite living in a deteriorating area.

Question 15

If you are very interested in the relationship between people and animals, and the air, soil, and water, you would probably join a group dedicated to
A) demography.
B) ecology.
C) sociobiology.
D) pathology.

Accepted Answer

Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment, which includes air, soil, and water.

Question 16

The feminist perspective on the environment is called__________ .
A) femino-conservation
B) feminist ecology
C) ecofeminism
D) ecogenderism

Accepted Answer

Ecofeminism is the feminist perspective on the environment, linking the exploitation of nature with the oppression of women.

Question 17

A primary reason for present and future shortages of natural resources is that
A) richer nations are hoarding national resources.
B) poorer nations are consuming most of their national resources.
C) the economic market can more easily adjust prices when shortages exist.
D) natural resources are finite.

Accepted Answer

Natural resources are finite, meaning they are limited in quantity and can be depleted, leading to shortages.

Question 18

Many people act on the environment on the basis of self-interest. According to the parable of the ʺTragedy of the Commons,ʺ what can happen?
A) Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all.
B) The environment is able to withstand humansʹ self-interested actions.
C) People readily realize the need to protect the commons.
D) Technology can discover another use of the commons.

Accepted Answer

The "Tragedy of the Commons" describes a situation where individuals acting in their own self-interest deplete shared resources, leading to the detriment of the entire group.

Question 19

More than half of the worldʹs__________ are located in developing countries.
A) megacities
B) ghettos
C) metropolises
D) urban decline

Accepted Answer

More than half of the world's megacities, which are cities with populations exceeding 10 million, are located in developing countries.

Question 20

Urban communities can only grow after
A) a source of business is established.
B) a sound government is established.
C) an adequate source of food is established.
D) political control is established.

Accepted Answer

An adequate source of food is essential for sustaining a population, which is a fundamental requirement for the growth of urban communities.

Quiz 14: Environment and Urbanization

The movement of affluent people into poor urban neighborhoods is called__________ .

The most fundamental cause of environmental pollution is

Jenny is a single, 25-year-old accountant. She lives in the city because it is convenient to her work and because of the cultural benefits it offers her. Herbert Gans would most likely describe Jenny as

The major stimulus to the urban explosion was

For all ecosystems there are two ecological principles: first, that natural resources are finite and, second,

Megacity Tokyo, Japan copes with the many problems that come with a densely populated area in all of the following ways EXCEPT

One way to solve current environmental problems is to limit

Lois and Philip are a childless couple who buy a run-down house on the edge of a low income neighborhood and spend their time refurbishing it. They and other persons like them are involved in

Jane is a feminist who argues that environmental problems are caused by the Western culture of patriarchy. She would be called a__________ ecofeminist.

Acid rain is believed to result primarily from

All of the following are methods Americans have used to control environmental problems EXCEPT

The technical name for areas with a large, concentrated population and their adjacent communities is

The migration of people from countryside to cities, increasing the proportion of a population that lives in cities, is called

Jane is in her mid-seventies. She lives in a small apartment in a deteriorating area of the city. She would like to move but lives on a fixed income. She cannot afford the move, and will not distance herself from medical care. Herbert Gans would classify her as

If you are very interested in the relationship between people and animals, and the air, soil, and water, you would probably join a group dedicated to

The feminist perspective on the environment is called__________ .

A primary reason for present and future shortages of natural resources is that

Many people act on the environment on the basis of self-interest. According to the parable of the ʺTragedy of the Commons,ʺ what can happen?

More than half of the worldʹs__________ are located in developing countries.

Urban communities can only grow after