Question 1

Which research strategy involves observing naturally occurring behavior without intervening in the situation?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing subjects in their natural environment without any manipulation or intervention by the researcher.

Question 2

Which perspective seeks to identify behavior that is the result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective focuses on how natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes, explaining behavior as a result of genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

Question 3

When an investigator devises different conditions and then compares the outcomes of the participants exposed to those different conditions in order to see how behavior is affected,this is called a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

An experiment is a scientific method that involves manipulating independent variables to observe the effects on dependent variables.

Question 4

Which theory emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural theory emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture.

Question 5

Which theoretical perspective argues that people have a fundamental ability to control their behavior and make rational decisions about their lives?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes individual free will, personal growth, and the concept of self-actualization, suggesting that people have the ability to control their behavior and make rational decisions.

Question 6

Which technique ensures that personal characteristics that might affect the outcome of an experiment are scattered among research participants in the different groups,thereby making the groups roughly equivalent?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment ensures that personal characteristics that might affect the outcome of an experiment are scattered among research participants in the different groups, thereby making the groups roughly equivalent.

Question 7

__________ research is designed to discover causal relationships between various factors.

Accepted Answer

Experimental research is designed to discover causal relationships between various factors by manipulating variables and observing the effects.

Question 8

Which developmental research strategy is borrowed from the field of anthropology and used to investigate cultural questions?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography is a research strategy borrowed from anthropology that involves the in-depth study of people and cultures in their natural environment.

Question 9

When a group of people are chosen to represent a larger population and are asked about their attitudes,behaviors,or thinking on a given topic,this is considered __________ research.

Accepted Answer

Survey research involves selecting a sample of individuals from a larger population to gather information about their attitudes, behaviors, or opinions on a specific topic.

Question 10

Using a real-world setting for an experiment is the hallmark of a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A field study is characterized by conducting research in a real-world setting, as opposed to a controlled or laboratory environment.

Question 11

During an experiment,researchers manipulate the __________ and measure the __________.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the one that is manipulated by the researchers, while the dependent variable is the one that is measured.

Question 12

Jose and Maria are preparing for the arrival of their first child,and are considering moving from their small rural town to a larger city to gain greater access to social services,better schools,and a variety of entertainment options.This is an example of which of Bronfenbrenner's five bioecological levels?

Accepted Answer

The exosystem involves the larger social system in which the individual does not function directly, but which still impacts their immediate environment, such as access to social services and schools.

Question 13

Which research strategy involves extensive,in-depth interviews with a particular individual or small group?

Accepted Answer

A case study involves in-depth interviews and detailed examination of a particular individual or small group to gather comprehensive data.

Question 14

Benito conducts an experiment in which group A is exposed to a particular treatment and group B is given no treatment.If group A is designated as the treatment group,then group B is the __________.

Accepted Answer

Group B is the control group because it is not exposed to the treatment and serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the treatment on group A.

Question 15

In an experiment,the __________ is what researchers manipulate.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that researchers manipulate in an experiment.

Question 16

Reggie has reached a state of self-fulfillment,achieving what he feels is his highest potential,and reaching those heights in his own unique way.According to the humanist perspective,what has Reggie attained?

Accepted Answer

Reggie has attained self-actualization, which is a concept in the humanist perspective where an individual realizes their full potential and achieves personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 17

Which perspective specifically focuses on the relationship between individuals and their physical,cognitive,personality,and social worlds?

Accepted Answer

The contextual perspective emphasizes the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds, considering the context in which development occurs.

Question 18

Why is it wrong to ask "which theoretical perspective on lifespan development is correct?"

Accepted Answer

Each perspective offers a unique viewpoint and highlights different aspects of development, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding when combined.

Question 19

What type of evidence is based on careful,systematic procedures?

Accepted Answer

Scientific evidence is based on careful, systematic procedures such as experiments, observations, and analysis, which are designed to be objective and reproducible.

Question 20

Which of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological levels provides the connections between the various aspects of a person's life?

Accepted Answer

The mesosystem provides the connections between the various aspects of a person's life.

Quiz 1: An Orientation to Lifespan Development