Question 1

Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding. Whenever he interacts with an elderly person, Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly. Jethro is
Applying his ________ of the elderly in these interactions.
A) algorithm
B) prototype
C) stereotype
D) exemplar

Accepted Answer

Jethro is applying a stereotype of the elderly, assuming that all of them have difficulty hearing and understanding.

Question 2

How could you use formal reasoning to help improve your life?
A) determine whether chocolate is healthy by using your own knowledge and other people's opinions
B) test whether walking improves moods by collecting empirical evidence to evaluate your hypothesis
C) evaluate whether the current president improves helping behavior by collecting social media opinions
D) examine whether heat increases aggression by remembering your own personal experiences

Accepted Answer

Option B involves applying formal reasoning by collecting empirical evidence to test a hypothesis. By using formal reasoning, we can gather objective data and make informed decisions. Options A, C and D do not involve formal reasoning, as they rely on personal knowledge and opinions rather than evidence-based analysis.

Question 3

Bob believes that the Seahawks will win the Super Bowl this year. To see whether you agree with Bob, you read a variety of online reviews about the Seahawks and their opponents
And compare the statistics for each team. To determine whether Bob's conclusion is
Reasonable, you are engaging in
A) reasoning.
B) problem solving.
C) decision making.
D) heuristics.

Accepted Answer

Engaging in reasoning involves analyzing information and drawing conclusions based on evidence, which is what the scenario describes. Problem solving involves finding a solution or answer to a specific problem, which is not the focus of the scenario. Decision making involves choosing between different options, but the scenario does not mention making a specific decision. Heuristics involve mental shortcuts or simplifications in decision making, which are not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 4

Kevin wants to be a doctor but right now he is an English major. Kevin is trying to find out how to change majors to one that will allow him to reach his goal. Kevin is engaging in
A) problem solving.
B) informal reasoning.
C) decision making.
D) formal reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kevin is facing a problem and is trying to find a solution to it, which is why he is engaged in problem solving.

Question 5

Jackie's new roommate is Asian. Even though Jackie doesn't know anything about her roommate, she assumes that her roommate will be good at math and asks her roommate for
Math tutoring as soon as she meets her. Jackie is using a ________ to guide her interactions
With her roommate.
A) positive stereotype
B) negative stereotype
C) positive schema
D) negative schema

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jackie's new roommate is Asian. Even though...

Question 6

Jake is choosing his major from three different alternatives: biology, Spanish, or psychology. Jake is using
A) problem solving.
B) framing.
C) decision making.
D) insight.

Accepted Answer

Choosing between different options is a process of decision making. Therefore, Jake's action is an example of decision making.

Question 7

How could you use informal reasoning to help improve your life?
A) collect others' opinions and your own knowledge to decide if blonds have more fun
B) collect empirical data to examine whether naps reduce accidental injuries
C) conduct a research study to test your idea that exercising can increase creativity
D) use the scientific method to examine whether sunny weather improves mood

Accepted Answer

Informal reasoning involves using personal experiences and observations to make decisions. Collecting opinions and personal knowledge about whether blonds have more fun is an example of informal reasoning.

Question 8

In the past, orchestra conductors held the stereotype that women were inferior musicians. According to your textbook, how did the audition process change so that conductors would not
Be biased by this stereotype?
A) Musicians sent in tapes of their performances, rather than auditioning in person.
B) Musicians auditioned in front of the conductor but the conductor did not know the musicians' names.
C) Musicians auditioned behind screens but the conductors knew the musicians' names.
D) Musicians auditioned behind screens and the conductor did not know the musicians' names.

Accepted Answer

Musicians auditioned behind screens and the conductor did not know the musicians' names. This allowed for blind auditions where the conductor could evaluate the musician solely on their performance without any bias based on gender, race, or any other factor.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes reasoning?
A) finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal
B) selecting the best option among a set of alternatives
C) choosing between general information and specific information
D) using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

Accepted Answer

Reasoning involves using information to come to a valid or reasonable conclusion. Options A, B, and C describe decision-making or problem-solving processes, but not necessarily reasoning.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using a stereotype?
A) Stereotypes reinforce beliefs about members of a particular group.
B) Stereotypes allow for quick and efficient processing of related concepts.
C) Stereotypes can influence your behavior when you interact with group members.
D) Stereotypes improve decision making when you are unable to think systematically.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes do not improve decision making when you are unable to think systematically. In fact, relying on stereotypes can lead to biased or inaccurate decision making.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between schemas and stereotypes?
A) Stereotypes are the application of schemas to any situation, object, or person.
B) Stereotypes and schemas are the same thing.
C) Stereotypes are a type of schema based on an individual's group membership.
D) Schemas are only about objects, whereas stereotypes are only about people.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks or templates that people use to organize their knowledge about the world. Stereotypes are a specific type of schema that people have about members of particular social groups. Therefore, option C is the best choice as it describes that stereotypes are a type of schema based on an individual's group membership.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of problem solving that could happen in your life?
A) You test whether your opinion that chocolate is the best dessert is true.
B) You look at three different internship offers before accepting one of the offers.
C) You figure out how to get to work after your car breaks down.
D) You decide which restaurant to go to after reading online reviews.

Accepted Answer

Option C is the best example of problem-solving as it involves a real-world situation where you must find a solution to a problem (getting to work without a car). The other options may involve decision making, but they do not necessarily require problem-solving skills. Option A is simply testing an opinion, while option B is a matter of weighing offers and making a choice. Option D is a matter of decision making based on reviews, but it is not really a problem to be solved.

Question 13

Your friend says the new restaurant in town has the best hamburgers. To see whether she is correct, you read a variety of online restaurant reviews. You are using ________ reasoning
To determine whether this conclusion is valid.
A) formal
B) informal
C) heuristic
D) algorithmic

Accepted Answer

The use of online restaurant reviews is an example of informal reasoning, which involves using personal experiences and observations to draw conclusions. It is not a formal process, which would involve following a specific set of rules or criteria, nor is it a heuristic or algorithmic process, which involve shortcuts or systematic procedures.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of reasoning that could happen in your life?
A) You compare different models of cars before purchasing a new vehicle.
B) You analyze your friend's claim that kale is the healthiest vegetable.
C) You figure out how to eat your yogurt when you forgot to bring a spoon.
D) You decide which major to pursue in order to reach your goal of going to law school.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 15

You need to hire a new accountant for your company. However, you believe that men typically make better accountants than women do. If you want to avoid using this stereotype
In your hiring decision, what should you do?
A) review the applications with the applicants' names removed
B) conduct the interviews over the phone instead of in person
C) conduct the interviews in person instead of over the phone
D) require applicants to submit photos of themselves with the application

Accepted Answer

Reviewing applications with names removed can help eliminate bias based on gender or any other personal identifier that may lead to stereotyping. Conducting interviews over the phone or in person or requiring photos can still allow for biased judgments based on these personal identifiers.

Question 16

Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients. She has to make the cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has. Lauren is engaging in
A) informal reasoning.
B) framing.
C) problem solving.
D) formal reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Lauren is facing a problem, missing ingredients, and is working to find a solution, which is to find a new recipe that will work with what she has. This reflects the process of problem solving.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of decision making that could happen in your life?
A) You compare the ski resort and beach resort and choose the ski resort for your upcoming vacation.
B) You figure out how to stop the leak from your water bottle.
C) You decide that you can pay for your vacation if you increase your babysitting rates.
D) You evaluate a newspaper article stating that caffeine increases heart attacks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 18

Because she heard that her blind date was an accounting major, Cynthia imagined that he would be conservative, humorless, and dull. Cynthia's generalization of what an accounting
Student is like is an example of a(n)
A) exemplar.
B) stereotype.
C) mental map.
D) analogical representation.

Accepted Answer

Cynthia's assumption about all accounting majors being conservative, humorless, and dull is an example of a stereotype, which is a widely held but oversimplified and unsubstantiated idea or image about a group of people.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes problem solving?
A) finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal
B) selecting the best option among a set of alternatives
C) reasoning from general information to specific information
D) using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

Accepted Answer

Problem solving involves finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal, which is a process of identifying a problem and taking steps to resolve it.

Question 20

Your rent is due, but you are short $100. You find a way around this obstacle to meet the goal of paying the rent by offering to clean your friend's house for $100. You now have
Enough money to pay your rent. To reach your goal, you have just used the thinking
Strategy of
A) reasoning.
B) decision making.
C) problem solving.
D) framing.

Accepted Answer

By offering to clean your friend's house for $100, you utilized problem solving to find a way to overcome the obstacle of being short on rent money. Reasoning and decision making may have played a part in this process, but problem solving is the best choice as it directly addresses finding a solution to a specific problem or obstacle. Framing refers to how a problem is presented or perceived, which is not directly relevant to this situation.

Quiz 8: Thinking and Intelligence

Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding. Whenever he interacts with an elderly person, Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly. Jethro is Applying his ________ of the elderly in these interactions.

How could you use formal reasoning to help improve your life?

Bob believes that the Seahawks will win the Super Bowl this year. To see whether you agree with Bob, you read a variety of online reviews about the Seahawks and their opponents And compare the statistics for each team. To determine whether Bob's conclusion is Reasonable, you are engaging in

Kevin wants to be a doctor but right now he is an English major. Kevin is trying to find out how to change majors to one that will allow him to reach his goal. Kevin is engaging in

Jackie's new roommate is Asian. Even though Jackie doesn't know anything about her roommate, she assumes that her roommate will be good at math and asks her roommate for Math tutoring as soon as she meets her. Jackie is using a ________ to guide her interactions With her roommate.

Jake is choosing his major from three different alternatives: biology, Spanish, or psychology. Jake is using

How could you use informal reasoning to help improve your life?

In the past, orchestra conductors held the stereotype that women were inferior musicians. According to your textbook, how did the audition process change so that conductors would not Be biased by this stereotype?

Which of the following best describes reasoning?

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using a stereotype?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between schemas and stereotypes?

Which of the following is an example of problem solving that could happen in your life?

Your friend says the new restaurant in town has the best hamburgers. To see whether she is correct, you read a variety of online restaurant reviews. You are using ________ reasoning To determine whether this conclusion is valid.

Which of the following is an example of reasoning that could happen in your life?

You need to hire a new accountant for your company. However, you believe that men typically make better accountants than women do. If you want to avoid using this stereotype In your hiring decision, what should you do?

Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients. She has to make the cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has. Lauren is engaging in

Which of the following is an example of decision making that could happen in your life?

Because she heard that her blind date was an accounting major, Cynthia imagined that he would be conservative, humorless, and dull. Cynthia's generalization of what an accounting Student is like is an example of a(n)

Which of the following best describes problem solving?

Your rent is due, but you are short $100. You find a way around this obstacle to meet the goal of paying the rent by offering to clean your friend's house for $100. You now have Enough money to pay your rent. To reach your goal, you have just used the thinking Strategy of