Question 1

Harry is reading the textbook for his astronomy class and is trying to relate the material to his own life experiences. According to the levels of processing model, Harry is more likely to
Remember the information over the long term because he is using
A) reconsolidation.
B) maintenance rehearsal.
C) spreading activation.
D) elaborative rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

The levels of processing model proposes that the depth at which information is processed affects its retention in memory. Elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information to existing knowledge, and relating it to personal experiences. Therefore, Harry is more likely to remember the information over the long term because he is using elaborative rehearsal.

Question 2

Liora is reading her textbook. As her eyes scan the page, each visual image is retained for less than a second in her
A) working memory.
B) short-term storage.
C) episodic memory.
D) sensory storage.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the stage of memory where information is first encountered by the senses. It holds information for a very brief period of time, typically less than a second, before it is either transferred to working memory or forgotten.

Question 3

To remember her nine-digit Social Security number, Alyssa uses her working memory to place the numbers into three groups. In addition, each group of three or four digits is easy to
Remember because it is meaningful. Alyssa's strategy in remembering her Social Security
Number illustrates
A) the recency effect.
B) the power of chunking.
C) the primacy effect.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Alyssa's strategy of breaking down her Social Security number into smaller, meaningful groups is an example of chunking, which is a powerful memory aid that can improve the capacity of working memory. This strategy helps to increase the likelihood of remembering information in the long term, making it easier for Alyssa to recall her Social Security number when needed.

Question 4

In an experiment, you are asked to memorize a list of 30 words shown on a screen. At first, this seems like a challenging task. Then you realize that you can hold more words in
Short-term storage if you
A) expand the capacity of your sensory storage.
B) try to focus on one code (visual or auditory) instead of dual codes.
C) group words together in meaningful ways.
D) avoid using attention processes for working memory.

Accepted Answer

Grouping words together in meaningful ways, such as organizing them into categories or forming associations between them, can improve retention in short-term memory. This is because it facilitates the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory. Expanding sensory storage or avoiding the use of attention processes for working memory may not necessarily improve retention, and focusing on one code may be helpful for some individuals but not universally applicable.

Question 5

Which of the following is the memory storage that very briefly maintains the physical characteristics of a stimulus?
A) sensory memory
B) episodic memory
C) procedural memory
D) flashbulb memory

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the memory storage that briefly maintains the physical characteristics of a stimulus. It lasts for less than a second to a few seconds and allows us to perceive the world as a continuous stream rather than as a series of disconnected sensations.

Question 6

Travis is taking a new medicine that has a side effect of disrupting his short-term storage. Based on this fact, you know that Travis will have difficultly recalling
A) a photograph he saw less than a second ago.
B) a phone number he heard 15 seconds ago.
C) the multiplication tables he learned in third grade.
D) how to ride his bicycle.

Accepted Answer

Short-term storage, also known as working memory, refers to the ability to temporarily hold and manipulate information in the mind. Phone numbers are typically recalled from short-term storage, so disrupting this process would likely result in difficulty remembering a number heard recently. The other options refer to long-term memories or procedural memories, which are not directly related to short-term storage.

Question 7

Fadeke is studying for her English literature test. For each novel she reads, she tries to think of how the novel relates to her own life. In order to remember the novels, Fadeke is using the
Memory strategy called
A) maintenance rehearsal.
B) elaborative rehearsal.
C) the primacy effect.
D) the recency effect.

Accepted Answer

The memory strategy that Fadeke is using is elaborative rehearsal because she is actively relating the novels to her own life, which helps her encode the information more deeply and remember it better. Choice A, maintenance rehearsal, would involve simply repeating the information without any meaningful connections. Choices C and D refer to effects on memory that are related to the order in which information is presented, rather than particular memory strategies.

Question 8

Addie told Callum her top 10 favorite movies. When he tries to recall the list later on, he can only remember the last two movies Addie mentioned. The fact that Callum only remembers
The last two movies is most likely due to
A) the recency effect.
B) the primacy effect.
C) procedural memory.
D) implicit memory.

Accepted Answer

The recency effect is the tendency to better remember the most recently presented information or stimuli. In this case, Callum remembers the last two movies that Addie mentioned, indicating that the recency effect is at play rather than the primacy effect (tendency to better remember the first presented information). Procedural memory and implicit memory are not relevant to this scenario, as they pertain to different types of memory processes.

Question 9

Dr. Elmore conducts research in which she asks the participants to look at slides that contain an array of objects, and then she tests their memory of the objects on the slides. The
Participants are given no more than two seconds to look at each slide. Which of the following
Types of memory is Dr. Elmore studying?
A) short-term memory
B) episodic memory
C) sensory memory
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

Dr. Elmore is studying sensory memory, which is the initial stage of memory where information is briefly held in its original sensory form. The brief exposure time of no more than two seconds per slide indicates that the participants are unlikely to have transferred the information to short-term or long-term memory. Additionally, the lack of contextual information provided about the objects suggests that this is not a study of episodic memory. Finally, semantic memory refers to general knowledge and meanings about the world, which is not directly related to the task that Dr. Elmore is studying.

Question 10

Morgan is currently taking a course on public speaking. Next year, she will most likely remember only general facts from the course, because semantic information is maintained in
A) sensory storage.
B) short-term storage.
C) long-term storage.
D) working memory.

Accepted Answer

Long-term storage refers to the storage of information that is retained over a long period of time, and it is more likely that Morgan will remember general facts from the course next year due to its storage in her long-term memory. Information in sensory storage and short-term storage typically only lasts for a few seconds to a minute, and working memory is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information.

Question 11

George Miller discovered that short-term memory is limited to ________ plus or minus ________ items, or chunks of information.
A) five; three
B) nine; one
C) ten; three
D) seven; two

Accepted Answer

George Miller's research showed that the capacity of short-term memory is about seven plus or minus two chunks of information.

Question 12

Fatima is a new student on campus. Everywhere she goes, she is asked for her 12-digit student number. To memorize her new student number, she thinks of it as three different
Years. Fatima is using ________ to aid her memory.
A) dual coding
B) maintenance rehearsal
C) the recency effect
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

Fatima is using chunking to help her memorize her student number by breaking it down into three different "years." Chunking involves grouping information into smaller, more meaningful units to aid in memory retention.

Question 13

Which of the following models of memory best illustrates the idea that our memory enhances by encoding the information with a deeper understanding?
A) levels of processing model
B) three-part model of memory storage
C) spreading activation model
D) multiple memory system model

Accepted Answer

The levels of processing model proposes that information is more likely to be remembered if it is processed at a deeper level, such as attaching meaning or personal relevance to it. This is different from simple repetition or shallow processing, which are less effective. Therefore, this model best illustrates the idea that memory enhances through encoding with a deeper understanding.

Question 14

To work at Burger Shack, Meghan must memorize all of the menu items. To do this, Meghan thinks about which friend would want to order each item. Meghan is likely to retain the menu
Items in long-term storage very well because she used
A) the recency effect.
B) the primacy effect.
C) maintenance rehearsal.
D) elaborative rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Meghan is using elaborative rehearsal, a method of encoding information into long-term memory by associating it with existing knowledge or personal experiences. By associating each menu item with a friend who would want to order it, she is making meaningful connections that will help her remember the items in the long term.

Question 15

A string of 16 digits (1776149217872014) is difficult to remember. If a person breaks them up into four groups of four digits (1776, 1492, 1787, and 2014), these numbers are easier to
Remember, due to the effect of
A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) chunking.
C) dual coding.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of breaking down information into smaller, meaningful parts, making it easier to remember. In this case, breaking up the 16-digit number into four groups of four digits is an example of chunking. The other options, elaborative rehearsal, dual coding, and maintenance rehearsal, do not apply in this scenario.

Question 16

Reveille just got a new bank account password: 979tamu. She repeats the code over and over, keeping the information maintained in long-term storage by using
A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) maintenance rehearsal.
C) dual coding.
D) chunking.

Accepted Answer

Reveille is using maintenance rehearsal, which is the process of repeating information over and over to keep it in short-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information with existing knowledge to make it more meaningful and memorable, which is not evident in this scenario. Dual coding involves encoding information in multiple ways (e.g. visual and verbal), which is also not demonstrated here. Chunking involves grouping information into smaller, more manageable units, which is not necessary with a password consisting of only seven characters.

Question 17

In a memory experiment, Group A is asked to listen to a list of words. Group B is asked to count the number of e's in the words. Group C is asked to use each word in a sentence.
According to the levels of processing model, ________ will remember the most words
Because ________.
A) Group A; of maintenance rehearsal
B) Group B; of auditory encoding
C) Group C; of elaborative rehearsal
D) all groups; they all listened to the same amount of words

Accepted Answer

According to the levels of processing model, elaborative rehearsal leads to better memory retention than maintenance rehearsal or shallow processing. Group C, who used each word in a sentence, engaged in elaborative rehearsal, therefore they should remember the most words. Group A engaged in maintenance rehearsal by simply listening to the words and Group B focused on a shallow aspect of the words (counting e's) rather than elaborating on their meaning.

Question 18

At a café, a cup of coffee costs $2.82. To use exact change, you must hold the number 2.82 in your head while sorting through your wallet and calculating what coins you have. To be
Successful in actively processing this information, you must keep the information maintained in
Short-term storage by using your ________ memory.
A) working
B) episodic
C) semantic
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

Working memory is responsible for actively processing and manipulating information in short-term storage. In this scenario, to successfully use exact change, you must hold the price of the coffee in your working memory while sorting through your wallet and calculating what coins you have. Therefore, the best choice is A) working memory.

Question 19

Short-term storage has a(n)
A) limited capacity.
B) unlimited capacity.
C) duration of up to a day.
D) unlimited duration.

Accepted Answer

Short-term storage, also known as working memory, has a limited capacity and can only hold a small amount of information for a short period of time, usually seconds to minutes. This is in contrast to long-term storage, which has a virtually unlimited capacity and can retain information for an extended period of time.

Question 20

Chris is looking for his friend in a crowd of people at a concert. As he scans the crowd, he often blinks but still retains a brief visual image of many of the faces in the crowd for a
Very brief time. Chris is able to maintain this visual information due to the function of his
A) short-term storage.
B) working memory.
C) sensory storage.
D) long-term storage.

Accepted Answer

Sensory storage refers to the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system. In this scenario, Chris is able to retain a brief visual image of the faces in the crowd due to the function of sensory storage, which briefly holds the image until it is either discarded or transferred to short-term or working memory. Short-term storage and working memory refer to the active processing and manipulation of information, while long-term storage refers to the more permanent storage and retrieval of information in memory.

Quiz 7: Memory

Harry is reading the textbook for his astronomy class and is trying to relate the material to his own life experiences. According to the levels of processing model, Harry is more likely to Remember the information over the long term because he is using

Liora is reading her textbook. As her eyes scan the page, each visual image is retained for less than a second in her

To remember her nine-digit Social Security number, Alyssa uses her working memory to place the numbers into three groups. In addition, each group of three or four digits is easy to Remember because it is meaningful. Alyssa's strategy in remembering her Social Security Number illustrates

In an experiment, you are asked to memorize a list of 30 words shown on a screen. At first, this seems like a challenging task. Then you realize that you can hold more words in Short-term storage if you

Which of the following is the memory storage that very briefly maintains the physical characteristics of a stimulus?

Travis is taking a new medicine that has a side effect of disrupting his short-term storage. Based on this fact, you know that Travis will have difficultly recalling

Fadeke is studying for her English literature test. For each novel she reads, she tries to think of how the novel relates to her own life. In order to remember the novels, Fadeke is using the Memory strategy called

Addie told Callum her top 10 favorite movies. When he tries to recall the list later on, he can only remember the last two movies Addie mentioned. The fact that Callum only remembers The last two movies is most likely due to

Morgan is currently taking a course on public speaking. Next year, she will most likely remember only general facts from the course, because semantic information is maintained in

George Miller discovered that short-term memory is limited to plus or minus items, or chunks of information.

Fatima is a new student on campus. Everywhere she goes, she is asked for her 12-digit student number. To memorize her new student number, she thinks of it as three different Years. Fatima is using ________ to aid her memory.

Which of the following models of memory best illustrates the idea that our memory enhances by encoding the information with a deeper understanding?

To work at Burger Shack, Meghan must memorize all of the menu items. To do this, Meghan thinks about which friend would want to order each item. Meghan is likely to retain the menu Items in long-term storage very well because she used

A string of 16 digits (1776149217872014) is difficult to remember. If a person breaks them up into four groups of four digits (1776, 1492, 1787, and 2014) , these numbers are easier to Remember, due to the effect of

Reveille just got a new bank account password: 979tamu. She repeats the code over and over, keeping the information maintained in long-term storage by using

In a memory experiment, Group A is asked to listen to a list of words. Group B is asked to count the number of e's in the words. Group C is asked to use each word in a sentence. According to the levels of processing model, will remember the most words Because .

Short-term storage has a(n)

Chris is looking for his friend in a crowd of people at a concert. As he scans the crowd, he often blinks but still retains a brief visual image of many of the faces in the crowd for a Very brief time. Chris is able to maintain this visual information due to the function of his