Question 1

Elizabeth argued that one reason women are abused by their husbands is because their unpaid labor is undervalued in society. Which perspective is Elizabeth most likely using?
A) symbolic interactionist
B) structural-functionalist
C) strain
D) feminist

Accepted Answer

Elizabeth's argument is most likely using a feminist perspective, which emphasizes the ways in which gender inequality contributes to social problems and challenges the traditional social norms and practices that sustain it. Specifically, her argument suggests that gender inequality leads to the undervaluing of the unpaid labor that women perform in the home, which in turn contributes to a power imbalance between men and women and increases the likelihood of abuse.

Question 2

According to the authors of the text, which of the following is an effective alternative to prison?
A) shock probation
B) building social capital
C) harsher sentencing
D) instigating a buddy system

Accepted Answer

According to the authors of the text, building social capital is an effective alternative to prison. This involves investing in programs and resources that help individuals develop positive relationships and connections within their communities, which can in turn reduce the likelihood of criminal behavior. This approach has been shown to be more effective than harsher sentencing or shock probation in reducing recidivism rates. The text does not mention anything about instigating a buddy system as an alternative to prison.

Question 3

Juan Carlos originally hoped to purchase a home. However, because he could not earn enough money to ever afford one, he decided that a home was no longer important. Instead, he found happiness through quitting his job, moving into a shack in the woods, and enjoying the solitude. Merton would classify Juan Carlos's adaptation to strain as ______.
A) conformity
B) innovation
C) retreatism
D) rebellion

Accepted Answer

Juan Carlos's rejection of societal goals (homeownership) and means (earning enough money) puts him in the retreatism category. He is not conforming to society's expectations nor is he innovating a new way to achieve those goals. Instead, he is isolating himself from society and its expectations.

Question 4

John is a supervisor of 30 employees at a small restaurant. He makes his employees work overtime without pay, and he steals their tips. John is guilty of ______.
A) occupational fraud
B) blue-collar crime
C) wage theft
D) cybertheft

Accepted Answer

Wage theft is the illegal practice of not paying employees for all the work they have done or failing to pay them the appropriate wages for their work. John is not only making his employees work overtime without pay but also stealing their tips, which falls under this category. Occupational fraud is a type of fraud committed by an employee against their employer, whereas blue-collar crime refers to crimes committed by individuals from a lower socio-economic background, and cybertheft involves stealing digital information or assets.

Question 5

Organized crime is more prevalent among ______.
A) Whites
B) elites
C) marginalized ethnic groups
D) young people

Accepted Answer

Research shows that organized crime is more prevalent among marginalized ethnic groups, such as those who have immigrated to a new country with limited resources and network connections. These groups may be more vulnerable to exploitation and coercion by criminal organizations. While some individuals in other groups may also engage in organized crime, the overall prevalence is higher among marginalized groups.

Question 6

Recidivism is:
A) the extortion of funds in exchange for "protection."
B) the conflict that occurs between the elites and minority groups.
C) returning to prison after already serving a prior term.
D) an act that marks an offender as deviant.

Accepted Answer

Recidivism refers to individuals returning to prison after already serving a prior term. This can be due to various reasons such as a lack of rehabilitation, social or economic disadvantages, or continued criminal activity.

Question 7

Racketeering is:
A) the extortion of funds in exchange for "protection."
B) the conflict that occurs between the elites and minority groups.
C) returning to prison after already serving a prior term.
D) an act that marks an offender as deviant.

Accepted Answer

Racketeering involves obtaining funds through illegal means, often by coercing individuals or businesses to pay for "protection" or through other forms of extortion.

Question 8

Casey could not believe that her friends were going to college after high school. She found it much more important to try to overthrow the current government, and she planned to chain herself to the capitol building and stage a hunger strike until her demands were met. Merton would argue that Casey was coping with strain through ______.
A) innovation
B) ritualism
C) rebellion
D) retreatism

Accepted Answer

Casey is rejecting both the cultural goals of going to college and the means of achieving those goals (getting a degree) and is instead pursuing her own means of addressing the strain she feels (overthrowing the government). This fits the definition of rebellion according to Merton's strain theory.

Question 9

Crimes against the company are more likely to occur when:
A) employees have strong loyalty toward the company.
B) the company is large.
C) employees are adequately compensated.
D) employees are mentally stimulated by their jobs.

Accepted Answer

The larger the company, the greater the opportunities for crimes to occur due to the complexity of operations, larger workforce, and increased number of stakeholders. However, this does not necessarily mean that crimes against the company are more likely to occur in smaller companies. Other factors, such as weak internal controls, lack of ethical leadership, and inadequate training on fraud prevention, can also contribute to the occurrence of crimes. Loyalty, compensation, and job stimulation may influence employee behavior, but they are not necessarily direct indicators of the likelihood of crimes occurring against the company.

Question 10

Companies that fail to install adequate safety equipment because they feel pressured not to cut into their profits commit a crime against their employees. This behavior can best be explained by what theory?
A) differential association
B) symbolic interactionism
C) labeling
D) strain

Accepted Answer

The behavior described is best explained by the strain theory, which posits that individuals may engage in criminal behavior when they are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means, and feel pressure to break the law in order to attain success. In this case, the company may feel pressure to prioritize profits over employee safety, which can lead to illegal behavior.

Question 11

Most sociologists believe that deviants purposely and knowingly break the law.

Accepted Answer

Most sociologists believe that deviance is a complex and multifaceted concept that cannot simply be reduced to a matter of conscious law-breaking. Many argue that societal norms and values play a significant role in shaping what is considered deviant behavior, and that individuals may not always be aware that their actions are deviant or illegal. Additionally, factors such as mental health, addiction, and socio-economic status can also influence deviant behavior.

Question 12

Which theoretical perspective argues that deviance will always exist unless the current structure of society is changed dramatically?
A) structural-functionalist
B) strain
C) conflict
D) labeling

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective argues that deviance is a result of social inequality and that it will always exist unless the current social structure is changed dramatically to create more equality.

Question 13

In the United States, predatory crimes are considered consensus crimes.

Accepted Answer

Predatory crimes, such as murder and rape, are universally condemned in the United States and are considered to be consensus crimes.

Question 14

An act that attempts to break down a prison inmate's sense of self in order to resocialize him or her is known as ______.
A) mortification
B) degradation
C) resocialization
D) recidivism

Accepted Answer

Mortification is the process of breaking down an inmate's existing identity to resocialize them into the norms and values of the institution.

Question 15

Members of groups and societies socially construct concepts.

Accepted Answer

Members of groups and societies create and shape ideas and concepts through social interaction and communication, which is known as social construction. Therefore, the answer is true.

Question 16

Hacking and cybertheft by China and other nations are especially concerning because:
A) they are considered to be victimless crimes.
B) the federal government does not have an effective way to safeguard customers' information.
C) there are no effective ways to punish the offenders.
D) the U.S. laws regarding cybertheft are unclear.

Accepted Answer

Cybertheft and hacking pose a significant threat to individuals and organizations, as sensitive information can be stolen and used for malicious purposes such as identity theft or financial fraud. The federal government does have measures in place to safeguard customers' information, but these measures may not always be effective. It is important to continue improving cybersecurity measures to combat cyber threats.

Question 17

Which of the following sources of information are based on police reports?
A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) victimization surveys
C) self-reported surveys
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Uniform Crime Reports are based on official police reports. Victimization surveys and self-reported surveys rely on individuals reporting their own experiences, rather than official police data.

Question 18

Which of the following do the authors of the text argue is the best way to measure crime?
A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) self-reported surveys
C) victimization surveys
D) triangulation of multiple data sources

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following do the authors...

Question 19

Deviance is always problematic for society.

Accepted Answer

Deviance can actually lead to positive changes in society and challenge harmful norms and values. However, extreme forms of deviance such as violence and crime can certainly be problematic for society.

Question 20

White-collar crime is all of the following EXCEPT:
A) less visible than violent crimes.
B) more costly than violent crimes.
C) more deadly than violent crimes.
D) a myth.

Accepted Answer

White-collar crime is a real and significant issue, not a myth. It involves non-violent crimes committed for financial gain, often by professionals or businesses.

Quiz 6: Deviance and Social Control: Sickos, Weirdos, Freaks, and Folks Like Us

Elizabeth argued that one reason women are abused by their husbands is because their unpaid labor is undervalued in society. Which perspective is Elizabeth most likely using?

According to the authors of the text, which of the following is an effective alternative to prison?

John is a supervisor of 30 employees at a small restaurant. He makes his employees work overtime without pay, and he steals their tips. John is guilty of ______.

Organized crime is more prevalent among ______.

Recidivism is:

Racketeering is:

Crimes against the company are more likely to occur when:

Companies that fail to install adequate safety equipment because they feel pressured not to cut into their profits commit a crime against their employees. This behavior can best be explained by what theory?

Most sociologists believe that deviants purposely and knowingly break the law.

Which theoretical perspective argues that deviance will always exist unless the current structure of society is changed dramatically?

In the United States, predatory crimes are considered consensus crimes.

An act that attempts to break down a prison inmate's sense of self in order to resocialize him or her is known as ______.

Members of groups and societies socially construct concepts.

Hacking and cybertheft by China and other nations are especially concerning because:

Which of the following sources of information are based on police reports?

Which of the following do the authors of the text argue is the best way to measure crime?

Deviance is always problematic for society.

White-collar crime is all of the following EXCEPT: