Question 1

During the _________ period of vocational development,individuals think about careers in terms of their interests,and later in terms of their abilities and values.
A)fantasy
B)tentative
C)realistic
D)crystallized

Accepted Answer

During the tentative period, individuals begin to explore different career options and consider their interests, values, and abilities. This is a time of testing out different paths and making tentative decisions about future careers. The fantasy period occurs in childhood and involves unrealistic career ideas, while the realistic period involves making concrete choices and committing to a specific career path. The crystallized period occurs in adulthood and involves gaining expertise and experience in a particular career.

Question 2

_________________ is one of the most consistent predictors of cognitive change in students during the college years.
A)Attendance at a four-year institution
B)Attendance at a public institution
C)Residence hall living
D)Open enrollment

Accepted Answer

Residence hall living has been found to be one of the most consistent predictors of cognitive change in students during the college years. This is because living on campus and being surrounded by other students creates a social environment that promotes intellectual stimulation and learning. Additionally, residence hall living provides students with opportunities for engagement in extracurricular activities and academic support programs that can contribute to cognitive growth. Attendance at a four-year institution or a public institution, as well as open enrollment, do not necessarily have a direct relationship with cognitive change in students.

Question 3

Which of the following is true about creativity in adulthood?
A)Mature creativity simply requires originality.
B)Adult expertise often interferes with creativity.
C)Creativity is a function chronological age,not "career age."
D)Creativity is a function of "career age," not chronological age.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that creativity is more a function of "career age" rather than chronological age. This means that individuals who have been working in a particular field for a longer period of time are more likely to produce creative and innovative work. Additionally, adult expertise can actually enhance creativity by providing a strong knowledge base and skills to draw from. Therefore, option B is incorrect. Option A is also not entirely accurate since mature creativity requires both originality and value or utility. Option C is incorrect as chronological age is not the only factor influencing creativity.

Question 4

Karen considered two theories she studied in her college philosophy course.She determined that neither theory was entirely accurate,and she tried to formulate a more satisfying perspective that synthesized contradictions.Karen was engaged in
A)pragmatic thought.
B)dualistic thinking.
C)relativistic thinking.
D)commitment within relativistic thinking.

Accepted Answer

Karen is engaged in commitment within relativistic thinking, where she synthesizes different perspectives to form her own understanding.

Question 5

Max enjoys working with ideas;Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual expression.According to Holland's six personality types,Max is __________ and Madison is __________.
A)investigative;artistic
B)realistic;conventional
C)enterprising;effusive
D)conventional;social

Accepted Answer

Max's enjoyment in working with ideas points to an investigative personality type, which entails a preference for abstract thinking and problem-solving. Madison's emotional nature and high need for individual expression reflects an artistic personality type, which involves creativity and self-expression. Therefore, the best choice is A) investigative; artistic.

Question 6

Once attained,__________ has a profound impact on information processing.
A)relativism
B)dualism
C)expertise
D)pragmatism

Accepted Answer

Expertise refers to the development of specialized knowledge and skills in a particular area. Once attained, expertise allows for faster and more efficient processing of information related to that area. This is because experts have developed mental structures and strategies that allow them to quickly identify relevant information and make accurate judgments based on their knowledge and experience.

Question 7

Which student is most at risk for dropping out of college?
A)Zach,a sophomore at a large state university
B)Destinee,a freshman a highly selective school
C)Kai,a sophomore who moves off-campus
D)Ian,a freshman at a school with open enrollment

Accepted Answer

Ian, a freshman at a school with open enrollment, is most at risk for dropping out of college. Open enrollment means that the school accepts any student who meets basic requirements, making it easier for students who may not be fully prepared for college to be admitted. Additionally, freshman year is a critical time for students to adjust to the academic and social demands of college, and those who struggle during this time are more likely to drop out.

Question 8

In college,Edward came to the realization that his own beliefs were often subjective.He noted that his roommate,who held vastly different beliefs from his own,had his own "truth." Edward was engaged in
A)pragmatic thought.
B)dualistic thinking.
C)relativistic thinking.
D)commitment within relativistic thinking.

Accepted Answer

Edward's realization that his own beliefs were subjective and that his roommate had his own "truth" indicates that he is engaging in relativistic thinking, which acknowledges that there can be multiple perspectives and truths. Dualistic thinking (B) is characterized by black-and-white thinking, while pragmatic thought (A) focuses on practical considerations and problem-solving. Edward's level of commitment to relativistic thinking is not mentioned, so D cannot be the answer.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?
A)All experts are creative.
B)Creativity demands both time and energy.
C)Creativity peaks in early adulthood.
D)Creative thinkers often have a limited range of interests.

Accepted Answer

Creativity is not just about having ideas, but also about putting them into action. This requires time and energy to develop and execute creative solutions. Therefore, creativity demands both time and energy. The other statements are false as they are too broad and do not apply in all cases.

Question 10

Jim is a musician,Joy is an artist,and Danielle is a scientist.Which of the following statements is probably true?
A)Danielle's creativity will peak later than that of the other two.
B)Joy's creativity will be the last to peak.
C)Jim will be the last to show a rise in creativity.
D)Creativity will diminish equally among all three of them.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that creativity in the arts tends to peak earlier in life, while creativity in science and mathematics tends to peak later. Therefore, it is likely that Danielle's creativity will peak later than that of Jim and Joy.

Question 11

According to Labouvie-Vief,adulthood involves moving from _______________ thought.
A)hypothetical to pragmatic
B)relativistic to dualistic
C)pragmatic to hypothetical
D)dualistic to relativistic

Accepted Answer

Labouvie-Vief suggests that adulthood involves moving from hypothetical thought, which is more abstract and idealistic, to pragmatic thought, which is more practical and realistic, as adults face real-world constraints and responsibilities.

Question 12

Bill is persuasive and adventurous.Bella prefers working with objects.According to Holland's six personality types,Bill is __________ and Bella is __________.
A)investigative;social
B)realistic;artistic
C)conventional;unconventional
D)enterprising;realistic

Accepted Answer

Bill's personality traits of being persuasive and adventurous align with the characteristics of being enterprising according to Holland's six personality types. On the other hand, Bella's preference for working with objects aligns with being realistic. Therefore, the best choice is D, where Bill is enterprising and Bella is realistic.

Question 13

Young people's vocational aspirations correlate strongly with their
A)parents' jobs.
B)childhood dreams.
C)ethnic identity.
D)friends' aspirations.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parental occupation has a significant influence on young people's vocational aspirations, as children often aspire to follow in their parents' footsteps or pursue similar careers.

Question 14

Alan likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions.Alecia prefers working with people.According to Holland's six personality types,Alan is __________ and Alecia is __________.
A)social;realistic
B)investigative;conventional
C)conventional;social
D)enterprising;encouraging

Accepted Answer

Alan is conventional because he likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions. Alecia is social because she prefers working with people.

Question 15

Younger students who divide information,values,and authority into right and wrong or good and bad engage in
A)pragmatic thought.
B)dualistic thinking.
C)relativistic thinking.
D)commitment within relativistic thinking.

Accepted Answer

Younger students who divide information, values, and authority into right and wrong or good and bad engage in dualistic thinking. Dualistic thinking is characteristic of early adolescence, where individuals tend to see the world in black and white terms, and there is little room for gray areas or nuances. Pragmatic thought refers to the ability to consider multiple perspectives and weigh considerations in developing solutions or decisions. Relativistic thinking is the recognition that truth and morality depend on context and experience. Commitment within relativistic thinking is the ability to commit to a particular perspective or viewpoint while acknowledging the legitimacy of other perspectives.

Question 16

During the realistic period of vocational development,the first step is often ________ and the final phase is ________________.
A)fantasy;reality
B)interest;ability
C)exploration;crystallization
D)acquisition;vocational decision

Accepted Answer

During the realistic period of vocational development, individuals start exploring different potential careers and options. However, as they gain more experience and knowledge, they start to crystallize their preferences and interests into a more specific career path. Therefore, the first step is exploration, and the final phase is crystallization. Choice A (fantasy; reality) might be applicable during the earlier stages of vocational development, but not during the realistic period. Choice B (interest; ability) is not necessarily a linear progression during this period. Choice D (acquisition; vocational decision) is not specific enough to accurately describe the stages of the realistic period.

Question 17

With the birth of Brenda's first child,she felt more fulfilled than ever before.However,she also acknowledged feelings of concern and fear over being able to meet all of her parental responsibilities while maintaining personal happiness and satisfaction.Brenda's thinking reflects
A)relativism.
B)cognitive-affective complexity.
C)expertise.
D)pragmatism.

Accepted Answer

Brenda's acknowledgement of both positive and negative emotions and thoughts surrounding parenthood demonstrates cognitive-affective complexity, which involves acknowledging and integrating multiple perspectives and experiences. This complexity is common in individuals who value personal growth and development.

Question 18

Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.
A)do little to help high-risk students
B)have high admissions requirements
C)place great value on grade point average
D)place students in developmental courses

Accepted Answer

Colleges that do little to help high-risk students, such as those from low-income backgrounds or those who may not have had access to rigorous academic preparation in high school, may have a higher percentage of dropouts. These students often have less support during their college experience and may struggle to keep up with the rigorous demands of college coursework.

Question 19

From the freshman to the senior year of college,most students
A)become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking.
B)are exposed to so many new ideas it leads to moral confusion.
C)experience a significant identity crisis.
D)become experts in their field of study.

Accepted Answer

The freshman to senior year of college is a time of intellectual growth and development. Students are challenged to think critically, analyze information, and develop their own ideas. As a result, they become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking, and are able to identify and correct logical fallacies and biases in their own thought processes.

Question 20

Eight-year-old Marcie is involved in community theater.She fantasizes about starring in a Broadway musical.Marcie's desire to be an actress
A)will probably bear little relation to the vocational decisions that she will eventually make.
B)will probably be actualized,because she has already committed to a career at such a young age.
C)is atypical of most young children,who base their preferences on what jobs their parents have.
D)is unrealistic because so few actresses are able to secure roles in Broadway musicals.

Accepted Answer

While Marcie's desire to be an actress may be strong at the age of eight, it is unlikely to be a reliable indicator of the career she will ultimately choose as she grows older and gains more life experience. Many children at young ages fantasize about careers based on what they see on TV or in the media, but their interests and desires often change as they mature. Therefore, it is unlikely that Marcie has committed to a career as an actress at such a young age. Additionally, Marcie's desire to be an actress is not atypical, as many children have aspirations to perform or work in the arts. Finally, while it is true that few actresses secure roles in Broadway musicals, this does not necessarily mean that Marcie's dream is unrealistic. The entertainment industry is highly competitive, but with hard work, talent, and perseverance, it is possible to achieve success.

Quiz 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

During the _________ period of vocational development,individuals think about careers in terms of their interests,and later in terms of their abilities and values.

_________________ is one of the most consistent predictors of cognitive change in students during the college years.

Which of the following is true about creativity in adulthood?

Karen considered two theories she studied in her college philosophy course.She determined that neither theory was entirely accurate,and she tried to formulate a more satisfying perspective that synthesized contradictions.Karen was engaged in

Max enjoys working with ideas;Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual expression.According to Holland's six personality types,Max is and Madison is .

Once attained,__________ has a profound impact on information processing.

Which student is most at risk for dropping out of college?

In college,Edward came to the realization that his own beliefs were often subjective.He noted that his roommate,who held vastly different beliefs from his own,had his own "truth." Edward was engaged in

Which of the following statements is true?

Jim is a musician,Joy is an artist,and Danielle is a scientist.Which of the following statements is probably true?

According to Labouvie-Vief,adulthood involves moving from _______________ thought.

Bill is persuasive and adventurous.Bella prefers working with objects.According to Holland's six personality types,Bill is and Bella is .

Young people's vocational aspirations correlate strongly with their

Alan likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions.Alecia prefers working with people.According to Holland's six personality types,Alan is and Alecia is .

Younger students who divide information,values,and authority into right and wrong or good and bad engage in

During the realistic period of vocational development,the first step is often and the final phase is ________.

With the birth of Brenda's first child,she felt more fulfilled than ever before.However,she also acknowledged feelings of concern and fear over being able to meet all of her parental responsibilities while maintaining personal happiness and satisfaction.Brenda's thinking reflects

Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.

From the freshman to the senior year of college,most students

Eight-year-old Marcie is involved in community theater.She fantasizes about starring in a Broadway musical.Marcie's desire to be an actress