Question 1

No Child Left Behind shows how norm-referenced testing can be used to increase student scores and shows the government's financial commitment to assuring that all children can achieve.

Accepted Answer

No Child Left Behind primarily focused on criterion-referenced testing, not norm-referenced testing, to set standards and goals for schools and students, aiming to ensure all students achieve proficiency in key subjects.

Question 2

Which scale of measurement would you use if measuring height and weight differences among ethnic groups?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

Ratio scale is the most appropriate choice as it allows for meaningful comparisons of the differences in numeric values, such as height and weight, between groups. The ratio scale has a true zero point, which allows for the calculation of ratios such as body mass index or weight-to-height ratios. Nominal and ordinal scales do not allow for meaningful numeric comparisons, and interval scales do not have true zero points.

Question 3

If your score on a test is 85 and the mean is 50, you have to have scored above the 84^thpercentile.

Accepted Answer

Percentiles depend on the distribution of scores, not just the mean. Without knowing the distribution, we cannot determine the exact percentile.

Question 4

Which scale of measurement is being used when comparing achievement test scores of different school systems?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

Comparing achievement test scores of different school systems involves using an interval scale of measurement, as the scores are measured on a continuous scale with equal intervals between values. Nominal and ordinal scales are not appropriate for measuring achievement test scores as they do not provide meaningful numerical values or consistent ordering of scores. Ratio scales involve a true zero point, which is not typically relevant in comparing achievement test scores.

Question 5

A standard deviation of 2 is a percentile rank of about 98.

Accepted Answer

A standard deviation of 2 is considered a high value, meaning that the vast majority of data falls within 2 standard deviations from the mean. This corresponds to the 98th percentile, as only about 2% of data falls outside of this range.

Question 6

A student received a score on a norm-referenced standardized test that was −2 z-scores below the mean. This person scored better than approximately 16 percent of his or her norm group.

Accepted Answer

A score that is −2 z-scores below the mean corresponds to approximately the 2.3rd percentile, meaning that the student scored better than only 2.3 percent of the norm group.

Question 7

On a normally distributed curve, raw scores may become meaningful if you know the standard deviation and mean of the group.

Accepted Answer

Knowing the standard deviation and mean of a normally distributed curve allows for the conversion of raw scores into z-scores, which can then be used to make meaningful interpretations about a person's performance in comparison to the rest of the group.

Question 8

A stanine of 4 falls at the same percentile as a DIQ of 72.

Accepted Answer

A stanine of 4 falls at the 25th percentile, while a DIQ score of 72 falls at the 44th percentile.

Question 9

An individual being tested for a gifted program scores a 132 on the Cognitive Ability Test (CogAT), which has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. There is a .40 correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPA in the gifted program, which has a weighted mean of 4.3 with a SD of .2. Use the Standard Error of the Estimate (SE_est) to predict where this students GPA will fall 95 percent of the time. A) 4.7 ± .36 B) 4.3 ± .4 C) 4.5 ± .8 D) 4.7 ± .28 E) None of these

Accepted Answer

The Standard Error of the Estimate (SEest) is used to predict the range within which a student's GPA will fall, given their CogAT score. The formula for SEest is:SEest = SD of GPA * √(1 - r²)where:SD of GPA is the standard deviation of the GPA in the gifted programr is the correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPAIn this case, the SD of GPA is .2 and the correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPA is .40. Therefore, the SEest is:SEest = .2 * √(1 - .40²) = .12To predict where this student's GPA will fall 95 percent of the time, we need to multiply the SEest by 1.96, which is the z-score for a 95% confidence interval. Therefore, the range within which the student's GPA will fall 95 percent of the time is:4.3 ± 1.96 * .12 = 4.3 ± .23Therefore, the correct answer is A) 4.7 ± .36.

Question 10

In norm referencing, test scores are compared to a group of individuals called the norm group or peer group.

Accepted Answer

In norm referencing, scores are compared to a norm group.

Question 11

Percentiles are a reflection of the distribution of scores along a curve.

Accepted Answer

Percentiles divide a distribution of scores into 100 equal parts, reflecting the relative position of a particular score within the distribution.

Question 12

Which scale of measurement is being used if assigning numbers based on different professional affiliation (e.g., counselors, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists)?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

Assigning numbers based on different professional affiliation is an example of nominal scale of measurement, which is used to classify data into distinct categories or groups. In this case, the numbers (or labels) are used to identify different professions and do not reflect any quantitative differences or ranking between them.

Question 13

An individual being tested for a gifted program scores a 132 on the Cognitive Ability Test (CogAT), which has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. There is a .40 correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPA in the gifted program, which has a weighted mean of 4.3 with a SD of .2. Use the Standard Error of the Estimate (SE_est) to predict where this students GPA will fall 68 percent of the time. A) 4.7 ± .18 B) 4.3 ± .2 C) 4.5 ± .4 D) 4.7 ± .15 E) None of these

Accepted Answer

The Standard Error of the Estimate (SEest) is used to predict the range within which a student's GPA will fall, given their CogAT score. The formula for SEest is:SEest = SD of GPA * √(1 - r²)where:SD of GPA is the standard deviation of the GPA in the gifted programr is the correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPAIn this case, the SD of GPA is .2 and the correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPA is .40. Therefore, the SEest is:SEest = .2 * √(1 - .40²) = .18This means that the student's GPA is likely to fall within ±.18 of the weighted mean of 4.3, 68% of the time. Therefore, the correct answer is A) 4.7 ± .18.

Question 14

If a child is in grade 4.3 and receives a grade equivalent of 7.2 on an achievement test, he or she is achieving at the
7.2 grade level.

Accepted Answer

Grade equivalent scores, such as 7.2, indicate the grade level of the average student who received the same score, not the actual grade level at which the child is achieving. It means the child performed as well as an average student in the second month of seventh grade, not that the child is achieving at a seventh-grade level overall.

Question 15

Though the common usages of DIQs, percentiles, stanines, T-scores, and Grade Equivalents may imply a different type of test, they all measure the relative position of an individual as compared to the norm group.

Accepted Answer

DIQs, percentiles, stanines, T-scores, and Grade Equivalents all measure the relative position of an individual as compared to the norm group, regardless of the type of test being taken.

Question 16

NCEs range from 1 to 99 along the bell-shaped curve, but as opposed to percentiles, they are in equal units along curve.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. NCEs, or normalized standard scores, are distributed along a bell-shaped curve with a range from 1 to 99, and each unit along the curve represents an equal distance. This makes NCEs a useful way to compare performance across different measures or tests.

Question 17

Using z-scores gives an individual the potential of comparing test scores on different types of tests.

Accepted Answer

Z-scores standardize scores from different tests by converting them into a common scale, allowing for easy comparison.

Question 18

If an individual's percentile rank is 84, he or she got 84 percent of the items correct.

Accepted Answer

Percentile rank indicates the percentage of people who scored lower than the individual, not the percentage of items answered correctly.

Question 19

Age comparisons allow a person to compare his or her score at a specific age to the mean and standard deviation of individuals in his or her age peer group.

Accepted Answer

Age comparisons compare an individual's score to the mean and standard deviation of individuals in his or her age peer group.

Question 20

The area between +1 and −1 standard deviations on a normal curve would include approximately 84 percent of the population.

Accepted Answer

The area between +1 and −1 standard deviations on a normal curve actually includes approximately 68 percent of the population.

Quiz 7: Statistical Concepts: Creating New Scores to Interpret Test Data

No Child Left Behind shows how norm-referenced testing can be used to increase student scores and shows the government's financial commitment to assuring that all children can achieve.

Which scale of measurement would you use if measuring height and weight differences among ethnic groups?

If your score on a test is 85 and the mean is 50, you have to have scored above the 84^thpercentile.

Which scale of measurement is being used when comparing achievement test scores of different school systems?

A standard deviation of 2 is a percentile rank of about 98.

A student received a score on a norm-referenced standardized test that was −2 z-scores below the mean. This person scored better than approximately 16 percent of his or her norm group.

On a normally distributed curve, raw scores may become meaningful if you know the standard deviation and mean of the group.

A stanine of 4 falls at the same percentile as a DIQ of 72.

In norm referencing, test scores are compared to a group of individuals called the norm group or peer group.

Percentiles are a reflection of the distribution of scores along a curve.

Which scale of measurement is being used if assigning numbers based on different professional affiliation (e.g., counselors, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists) ?

If a child is in grade 4.3 and receives a grade equivalent of 7.2 on an achievement test, he or she is achieving at the 7.2 grade level.

Though the common usages of DIQs, percentiles, stanines, T-scores, and Grade Equivalents may imply a different type of test, they all measure the relative position of an individual as compared to the norm group.

NCEs range from 1 to 99 along the bell-shaped curve, but as opposed to percentiles, they are in equal units along curve.

Using z-scores gives an individual the potential of comparing test scores on different types of tests.

If an individual's percentile rank is 84, he or she got 84 percent of the items correct.

Age comparisons allow a person to compare his or her score at a specific age to the mean and standard deviation of individuals in his or her age peer group.

The area between +1 and −1 standard deviations on a normal curve would include approximately 84 percent of the population.

Quiz 7: Statistical Concepts: Creating New Scores to Interpret Test Data

No Child Left Behind shows how norm-referenced testing can be used to increase student scores and shows the government's financial commitment to assuring that all children can achieve.

Which scale of measurement would you use if measuring height and weight differences among ethnic groups?

If your score on a test is 85 and the mean is 50, you have to have scored above the 84th percentile.

Which scale of measurement is being used when comparing achievement test scores of different school systems?

A standard deviation of 2 is a percentile rank of about 98.

A student received a score on a norm-referenced standardized test that was −2 z-scores below the mean. This person scored better than approximately 16 percent of his or her norm group.

On a normally distributed curve, raw scores may become meaningful if you know the standard deviation and mean of the group.

A stanine of 4 falls at the same percentile as a DIQ of 72.

In norm referencing, test scores are compared to a group of individuals called the norm group or peer group.

Percentiles are a reflection of the distribution of scores along a curve.

Which scale of measurement is being used if assigning numbers based on different professional affiliation (e.g., counselors, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists) ?

If a child is in grade 4.3 and receives a grade equivalent of 7.2 on an achievement test, he or she is achieving at the 7.2 grade level.

Though the common usages of DIQs, percentiles, stanines, T-scores, and Grade Equivalents may imply a different type of test, they all measure the relative position of an individual as compared to the norm group.

NCEs range from 1 to 99 along the bell-shaped curve, but as opposed to percentiles, they are in equal units along curve.

Using z-scores gives an individual the potential of comparing test scores on different types of tests.

If an individual's percentile rank is 84, he or she got 84 percent of the items correct.

Age comparisons allow a person to compare his or her score at a specific age to the mean and standard deviation of individuals in his or her age peer group.

The area between +1 and −1 standard deviations on a normal curve would include approximately 84 percent of the population.

If your score on a test is 85 and the mean is 50, you have to have scored above the 84^thpercentile.