Question 1

All of the following should be considered when selecting a reference set for your laboratory except:
A) Population
B) Testing protocol
C) Instrumentation
D) Percent predicted

Accepted Answer

Percent predicted is not a factor to consider when selecting a reference set for a laboratory. However, population demographics, testing protocol, and instrumentation are important factors to consider when selecting a reference set.

Question 2

After completing a single-breath diffusing capacity,which of the following comments would assist with the interpretation process?
A) Four trials were completed after several false starts.
B) The VC was performed an hour before the DLCO.
C) The exhalation time was 2 seconds.
D) Was unable to achieve an IVC at 85% of the SVC.

Accepted Answer

An inability to achieve an inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) at 85% of the slow vital capacity (SVC) can affect the accuracy of the diffusing capacity measurement, making it an important factor to consider during interpretation.

Question 3

The following results are obtained on a 35-year-old Caucasian female: FVC 3.40 L FEV₁2.04 L What should the technologist do next? A) Report the results. B) Perform an exercise evaluation. C) Administer a bronchodilator. D) Recommend pulmonary rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

The results indicate a low FEV1/FVC ratio, suggesting possible airway obstruction. Administering a bronchodilator can help determine if the obstruction is reversible, indicating a potential diagnosis of asthma.

Question 4

Which of the following predicted sets is recommended for use in North America for spirometry?
A) ECCS
B) ATS
C) NHANES III
D) ERS 1993

Accepted Answer

NHANES III (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) reference values are recommended for use in North America for spirometry because they are based on a large, well-defined population sample that is representative of the modern, diverse U.S. population.

Question 5

The following pulmonary function results were reported for a 25-year-old female. Measured Predicted FVC (L) 3.00 4.00 FEV₁1.60 3.20 TLC 4.00 5.00 These results are consistent with a(n): A) Obstructive process B) Restrictive pattern C) Extrathoracic lesion D) Mixed pattern

Accepted Answer

The results show both reduced FVC and FEV1, indicating a restrictive pattern, and a low FEV1/FVC ratio, indicating an obstructive process, suggesting a mixed pattern.

Question 6

The following pulmonary function results were obtained on a patient with asthma: Measured Predicted FEV₁1.0 L 2.0 L FVC 2.5 L 2.6 L The results are consistent with _____ obstruction. A) Moderate B) Moderately severe C) Severe D) Very severe

Accepted Answer

The FEV1/FVC ratio is 0.4 (1.0/2.5), which indicates moderate to severely reduced airflow, and the FEV1 is less than 60% of predicted, also indicating moderate to severe obstruction. Therefore, the best choice is B, which is moderately severe obstruction.

Question 7

Spirometry has been ordered for a 30-year-old male.The technologist should select the spirometry predicted reference set by asking the:
A) Patient's race
B) Weight
C) Height
D) Body surface area

Accepted Answer

Spirometry reference values are often adjusted based on the patient's race, as lung volumes can vary among different racial groups.

Question 8

The following pulmonary function results were obtained: TLC 5.0 L 130% predicted DLCO 14.0 55% predicted FEV₁2.0 L FVC 3.5 L The results are consistent with: A) Interstitial lung disease B) Emphysema C) Asthma D) Neuromuscular disease

Accepted Answer

The TLC (total lung capacity) is increased (130% predicted), which suggests air trapping and hyperinflation commonly seen in emphysema. The DLCO (diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide) is decreased (55% predicted), which is also typical of emphysema. The FEV1/FVC ratio is not provided, making it difficult to definitively rule out other possible diagnoses. The other options (interstitial lung disease, asthma, neuromuscular disease) are not supported by the given results.

Question 9

The following pulmonary function results were obtained on a patient with COPD: Measured Predicted FEV₁1.0 L 4.0 L FVC 3.5 L 5.0 L The results are consistent with _____ obstruction. A) Moderate B) Moderately severe C) Severe D) Very severe

Accepted Answer

The FEV1/FVC ratio is significantly reduced (1.0/3.5 = 0.29), indicating a very severe obstruction according to the GOLD criteria for COPD, where a very severe obstruction is characterized by an FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.70 and an FEV1 less than 30% of the predicted value.

Question 10

Which of the following tests are indicated when the DLCO is less than 60% of predicted?
A) Lung volumes
B) Exercise assessment
C) MIP/MEP
D) Spirometry

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following tests are indicated...

Question 11

The following pulmonary function results were reported for a 25-year-old female. Measured Predicted FVC (L) 3.00 4.00 FEV₁1.60 3.20 TLC 5.50 5.00 These results are consistent with a(n): A) Obstructive process B) Restrictive pattern C) Extrathoracic lesion D) Mixed pattern

Accepted Answer

The results show a reduced FEV1 and FVC with a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, which is indicative of an obstructive process. The TLC is normal or increased, which further supports an obstructive pattern rather than a restrictive one.

Question 12

Which of the following variables is used to determine the presence of obstruction in spirometry measurements? A) FEF_25%-75% B) FEV₁/FVC% C) PEF D) FEV₁

Accepted Answer

FEV₁/FVC% is the variable used to determine the presence of obstruction in spirometry measurements. It is a ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) expressed as a percentage. A lower value is indicative of obstruction in the airways. The other variables listed, such as FEF_25%-75% and PEF, may also be measured during spirometry but are not as useful for determining obstruction.

Question 13

An individual with asthma has the following FEV₁ results: Pre-bronchodilator FEV₁ 3.25 L Post-bronchodilator FEV₁ 3.50 L These results are consistent with a _____ response. A) Positive B) False-negative C) False-positive D) Negative

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual with asthma has the following...

Question 14

When interpreting lung function measurements,which test should the technologist recommend if the FEV₁/FVC% and VC are reduced? A) Lung volumes B) MIP/MEP C) Six-minute walk D) Airway resistance

Accepted Answer

If the FEV1/FVC% and VC are reduced, it may indicate a restrictive lung disease. Lung volume measurements can help to confirm this diagnosis by assessing the total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, and residual volume. This information can also help to determine the severity of the disease and guide treatment. MIP/MEP, six-minute walk, and airway resistance tests are not as helpful in diagnosing restrictive lung disease.

Question 15

For Asian subjects,one should multiply the predicted FEV₁ and FVC by which of the following correction factors? A) 0.25 B) 0.75 C) 0.88 D) 1.15

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that for Asian subjects, the predicted FEV1 and FVC values need to be corrected by a factor of 0.88 in order to account for differences in lung function among different ethnic groups. Therefore, choice C, which is 0.88, is the correct answer.

Question 16

The following pulmonary function results were obtained: TLC 3.0 L 70% predicted DLCO 12.0 55% predicted FEV₁2.0 L FVC 2.3 L The results are consistent with: A) Interstitial lung disease B) Emphysema C) Asthma D) Neuromuscular disease

Accepted Answer

The reduced TLC and DLCO suggest interstitial lung disease, which is characterized by stiffness or scarring of the lung tissue, leading to reduced lung volumes and impaired gas exchange. The FEV1/FVC ratio is not provided, so it's not possible to definitively rule out other conditions like emphysema or asthma. Neuromuscular disease would be unlikely to cause only a reduction in lung volumes and gas exchange.

Question 17

The technologist records the demographic information for a 40-year-old performing lung volume measurements.An error in which of the following variables will have the greatest influence on the predicted value?
A) Sex
B) Race
C) Height
D) Weight

Accepted Answer

Height is a crucial variable for lung volume measurements as it directly affects the amount of space available for the lungs to expand. Weight and race can also have an impact on lung capacity, but to a lesser extent. Sex may be a factor, but not as significant as height.

Question 18

A 5-year-old Caucasian child performs spirometry in the pulmonary function laboratory.The technologist should select which reference set?
A) NHANES III
B) Polgar
C) ERS 1993
D) Weng

Accepted Answer

NHANES III (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) is the most appropriate reference set for spirometry in the United States, as it includes a diverse population sample that is representative of the U.S. population, including Caucasian children.

Question 19

A 25-year-old male who is 72 inches tall has the following spirometry results:  These findings show the presence of which of the following?
A) Normal lung function
B) Severe obstructive disease
C) Reversible airway obstruction
D) Incorrectly selected predicted values

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 25-year-old male who is 72 inches...

Question 20

A 20-year-old female completes a spirometry test with the following data: Measured Predicted LLN FVC (L)3.00 3.50 3.10 FEV₁ (L)2.50 2.80 2.70 Based on the age of the patient and spirometry results,which of the following is possible if a fixed percent is used for the interpretation of the spirometry results? A) False-negative result B) False-positive result C) True-negative result D) True-positive result

Accepted Answer

BUsing a fixed percentage for spirometry interpretation can lead to false-negative results because it might not accurately reflect the individual's lung function relative to their predicted values, especially if their actual values are close to the lower limit of normal (LLN) but not below it. Similarly, it can lead to false-positive results if the individual's results are slightly below the fixed percentage threshold but still above the LLN, suggesting an issue where there might not be one.

Quiz 13: Reference Values and Interpretation Strategies

All of the following should be considered when selecting a reference set for your laboratory except:

After completing a single-breath diffusing capacity,which of the following comments would assist with the interpretation process?

The following results are obtained on a 35-year-old Caucasian female: FVC 3.40 L FEV₁2.04 L What should the technologist do next?

Which of the following predicted sets is recommended for use in North America for spirometry?

The following pulmonary function results were reported for a 25-year-old female. Measured Predicted FVC (L) 3.00 4.00 FEV₁1.60 3.20 TLC 4.00 5.00 These results are consistent with a(n) :

The following pulmonary function results were obtained on a patient with asthma: Measured Predicted FEV₁1.0 L 2.0 L FVC 2.5 L 2.6 L The results are consistent with _____ obstruction.

Spirometry has been ordered for a 30-year-old male.The technologist should select the spirometry predicted reference set by asking the:

The following pulmonary function results were obtained: TLC 5.0 L 130% predicted DLCO 14.0 55% predicted FEV₁2.0 L FVC 3.5 L The results are consistent with:

The following pulmonary function results were obtained on a patient with COPD: Measured Predicted FEV₁1.0 L 4.0 L FVC 3.5 L 5.0 L The results are consistent with _____ obstruction.

Which of the following tests are indicated when the DLCO is less than 60% of predicted?

The following pulmonary function results were reported for a 25-year-old female. Measured Predicted FVC (L) 3.00 4.00 FEV₁1.60 3.20 TLC 5.50 5.00 These results are consistent with a(n) :

Which of the following variables is used to determine the presence of obstruction in spirometry measurements?

An individual with asthma has the following FEV₁ results: Pre-bronchodilator FEV₁ 3.25 L Post-bronchodilator FEV₁ 3.50 L These results are consistent with a _____ response.

When interpreting lung function measurements,which test should the technologist recommend if the FEV₁/FVC% and VC are reduced?

For Asian subjects,one should multiply the predicted FEV₁ and FVC by which of the following correction factors?

The following pulmonary function results were obtained: TLC 3.0 L 70% predicted DLCO 12.0 55% predicted FEV₁2.0 L FVC 2.3 L The results are consistent with:

The technologist records the demographic information for a 40-year-old performing lung volume measurements.An error in which of the following variables will have the greatest influence on the predicted value?

A 5-year-old Caucasian child performs spirometry in the pulmonary function laboratory.The technologist should select which reference set?

A 25-year-old male who is 72 inches tall has the following spirometry results: These findings show the presence of which of the following?

Quiz 13: Reference Values and Interpretation Strategies

All of the following should be considered when selecting a reference set for your laboratory except:

After completing a single-breath diffusing capacity,which of the following comments would assist with the interpretation process?

The following results are obtained on a 35-year-old Caucasian female: FVC 3.40 L FEV1 2.04 L What should the technologist do next?

Which of the following predicted sets is recommended for use in North America for spirometry?

The following pulmonary function results were reported for a 25-year-old female. Measured Predicted FVC (L) 3.00 4.00 FEV1 1.60 3.20 TLC 4.00 5.00 These results are consistent with a(n) :

The following pulmonary function results were obtained on a patient with asthma: Measured Predicted FEV1 1.0 L 2.0 L FVC 2.5 L 2.6 L The results are consistent with _____ obstruction.

Spirometry has been ordered for a 30-year-old male.The technologist should select the spirometry predicted reference set by asking the:

The following pulmonary function results were obtained: TLC 5.0 L 130% predicted DLCO 14.0 55% predicted FEV1 2.0 L FVC 3.5 L The results are consistent with:

The following pulmonary function results were obtained on a patient with COPD: Measured Predicted FEV1 1.0 L 4.0 L FVC 3.5 L 5.0 L The results are consistent with _____ obstruction.