Question 1

Based on your text's discussion, which of the following statements best captures the relationship between observational learning and modeling?
A) Observational learning and modeling refer to unrelated learning processes.
B) Observational learning and modeling refer to the same process.
C) Observational learning is evidence that modeling has occurred.
D) Modeling is evidence that observational learning has occurred.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on your text's discussion, which of...

Question 2

Learning about events in our own lives is called ___________ learning. Learning about facts is called __________.
A) semantic; episodic learning
B) semantic; semantic learning, too
C) episodic; episodic learning, too
D) episodic; semantic learning

Accepted Answer

Learning about events in our own lives is called episodic learning, while learning about facts is called semantic learning.

Question 3

Awareness and attention usually enhance learning. Describe an instance when awareness and excessive attention may impair learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Awareness and attention usually enhance learning. Describe...

Question 4

Name 2 other factors that may explain the relationship between television and aggression in children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name 2 other factors that may explain...

Question 5

Learning trials that occur over time are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Learning trials that occur over time are...

Question 6

Kayla is helping her professor conduct an observational learning study in which the model is either similar or dissimilar to the participant. In this study, the similarity of the model to the participant is a(n) _________ variable.
A) independent
B) dependent
C) experimental
D) control

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher and whose effect is being studied. In this case, the similarity of the model to the participant is being manipulated by the researcher, so it is the independent variable. The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured in response to the independent variable, and it is not specified in this question. The other options, experimental and control, are not types of variables, but rather they refer to aspects of the study design.

Question 7

In Bandura's observational learning work, which of the following is most likely a dependent variable?
A) whether children see a film of an adult model
B) whether the model in the film behaves aggressively
C) whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film
D) whether children mimic the model's aggressive behavior

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in Bandura's observational learning work is most likely whether children mimic the model's aggressive behavior, as this is the behavior that is being observed and measured as a result of exposure to the aggressive model in the film. The other options are either independent variables (whether children see the film, whether the model behaves aggressively) or extraneous variables (whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film).

Question 8

Having a single exposure to information is considered an effective means for studying semantic or factual information.

Accepted Answer

Having a single exposure to information is not always considered an effective means for studying semantic or factual information. Repeated exposure and consolidation through practice and testing are often necessary for long-term retention and application of knowledge.

Question 9

What type of statistical analysis shows strong evidence that exposure to aggressive media is related to aggressive behavior in children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of statistical analysis shows strong...

Question 10

Dr. Landry is conducting an observational learning study in which the model is either similar or dissimilar to the participant. Dr. Landry thinks that participants are more likely to imitate the behavior of similar than of dissimilar models. This is a(n) ________.
A) theory
B) operational definition
C) hypothesis
D) conclusion

Accepted Answer

Dr. Landry's statement is a proposed explanation or prediction (hypothesis) about the relationship between the similarity of a model and the likelihood of imitation by participants in the observational learning study.

Question 11

What type(s) of media may promote aggressive behaviors in children?
A) Video games
B) Cartoons
C) Movies
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above (video games, cartoons, and movies) have been shown to promote aggressive behaviors in children.

Question 12

What type of information do we most often learn about in educational courses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of information do we most...

Question 13

Instead of studying as the class progressed, a student pulled an "all-nighter" by cramming the night before the test. What type of learning trials did he use?
A) Massed
B) Spaced
C) Single exposure
D) Multiple exposure

Accepted Answer

The student used massed learning trials by cramming all the studying into one night instead of spacing it out over multiple days.

Question 14

Describe why correlational evidence does not imply causality when describing the relationship between television watching and child aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe why correlational evidence does not imply...

Question 15

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:
A) shaping
B) observational learning
C) latent learning
D) insight learning

Accepted Answer

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate observational learning, which is learning through observing the behavior of others. In the experiment, children observed an adult model behaving aggressively towards a Bobo doll, which resulted in the children also behaving aggressively towards the doll. This showed how children can learn new behaviors by observing and imitating others.

Question 16

Heavy TV watching is associated with low socioeconomic status and low parental involvement.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that heavy TV watching is more common among children from low socioeconomic status backgrounds and those with less parental involvement. Children from higher socioeconomic status families tend to have more access to educational activities and resources and thus may spend less time watching TV. Additionally, parents who are highly involved in their children's lives may limit their children's TV time and instead encourage alternate activities.

Question 17

Describe the methodology and the results of the Bobo doll study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the methodology and the results of...

Question 18

Which hypothesis is probably the most reasonable regarding the potential influence of massed vs. spaced practice on the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the degree to which material is learned?
A) The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be higher for massed than for spaced practice.
B) The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be negative for massed practice but positive for spaced practice.
C) The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be zero for massed practice but positive for spaced practice.
D) The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be lower for massed than for spaced practice.

Accepted Answer

Based on research studies and theories related to the spacing effect, the hypothesis that the correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be lower for massed than for spaced practice seems the most reasonable. This is because massed practice, which involves cramming and studying large amounts of material in a short period of time, can lead to mental fatigue, decreased attention, and impaired retention and recall of information. Spaced practice, on the other hand, involves distributing study sessions over time intervals and allows for better consolidation and retrieval of information from long-term memory. As such, it can be expected that the degree to which material is learned will be higher for spaced practice even if the total number of hours spent studying may be the same or less than for massed practice.

Question 19

You study for a psychology midterm by reviewing 60 minutes per day on each of the ten days leading up to the test. However, you study for your sociology test from 7 p.m. the night before the test straight through till 5 a.m. the morning of the test. Your method of preparing for your sociology test is termed _______ practice. All else being equal, you should perform _________ on your sociology test than on your psychology test.
A) spaced; more poorly
B) spaced; better
C) massed; more poorly
D) massed; better

Accepted Answer

The method of studying for the psychology midterm is spaced practice, where the material is reviewed consistently over a period of time. On the other hand, studying for the sociology test straight through the night is an example of massed practice. Research suggests that spaced practice is more effective for long-term retention and understanding of material, while massed practice may result in quicker gains but poorer long-term retention. Therefore, the individual is likely to perform more poorly on the sociology test than on the psychology test.

Question 20

Who conducted the Bobo doll experiment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who conducted the Bobo doll experiment?...

Quiz 7: Learning

Based on your text's discussion, which of the following statements best captures the relationship between observational learning and modeling?

Learning about events in our own lives is called _ learning. Learning about facts is called .

Awareness and attention usually enhance learning. Describe an instance when awareness and excessive attention may impair learning.

Name 2 other factors that may explain the relationship between television and aggression in children?

Learning trials that occur over time are __________.

Kayla is helping her professor conduct an observational learning study in which the model is either similar or dissimilar to the participant. In this study, the similarity of the model to the participant is a(n) _________ variable.

In Bandura's observational learning work, which of the following is most likely a dependent variable?

Having a single exposure to information is considered an effective means for studying semantic or factual information.

What type of statistical analysis shows strong evidence that exposure to aggressive media is related to aggressive behavior in children?

Dr. Landry is conducting an observational learning study in which the model is either similar or dissimilar to the participant. Dr. Landry thinks that participants are more likely to imitate the behavior of similar than of dissimilar models. This is a(n) ________.

What type(s) of media may promote aggressive behaviors in children?

What type of information do we most often learn about in educational courses?

Instead of studying as the class progressed, a student pulled an "all-nighter" by cramming the night before the test. What type of learning trials did he use?

Describe why correlational evidence does not imply causality when describing the relationship between television watching and child aggression.

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

Heavy TV watching is associated with low socioeconomic status and low parental involvement.

Describe the methodology and the results of the Bobo doll study.

Which hypothesis is probably the most reasonable regarding the potential influence of massed vs. spaced practice on the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the degree to which material is learned?

Who conducted the Bobo doll experiment?