Zoology 10th Edition by Stephen Miller,John Harley

Exercise 1

Members of the phylum Chordata are deuterostomates that possess five distinctive characteristics at some stage in development: notochord, pharyngeal slits or pouches, dorsal tubular nerve cord, endostyle, and postanal tail. Members of the subphylum Urochordata are the tunicates. They may be sessile or planktonic filter feeders, and they reproduce through external fertilization, the development of a tadpole-like larva, and metamorphosis to the adult. Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata burrow in sandy marine substrates, are filter feeders, and reproduce through external fertilization and the development of free-swimming larvae.
How are the five distinctive chordate characteristics represented in tunicates and cephalochordates?