Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance 9th Edition by Scott Powers, Edward Howley

Exercise 12

List the four primary signal transduction pathways in skeletal muscle.

Step 1 of 5

Irrespective of the type of training exercise, adaptations are induced in muscle fibers following an exercise. The stress induced by exercise causes activation of specific signaling pathways that ultimately lead to gene expression of these proteins.

The following are the four primary signals for muscle adaptation during exercise:

• Muscle stretch/ Mechanical stretch

• Elevated calcium levels

• Free radicals

• Phosphate/muscle energy levels