Question 1

In 1964, President ___________, fulfilling an election promise to deal with crime, established a Commission to conduct a comprehensive study of crime and the administration of criminal justice in the United States.

Accepted Answer

President Lyndon Johnson established the Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice in 1964 to study crime and the criminal justice system in the United States.

Question 2

__________ became the rallying cry of those who had long opposed prison rehabilitation and of others who had recently become disenchanted with rehabilitation efforts after Martinson's report was released in 1974.

Accepted Answer

"Nothing works" became the rallying cry of those who had long opposed prison rehabilitation and of others who had recently become disenchanted with rehabilitation efforts after Martinson's report was released in 1974.

Question 3

Feely and Simon (1992), in "The New Penology," recognize a shift toward a(n) ______________ model of penology.

Accepted Answer

Feely and Simon (1992) in "The New Penology" discuss a shift towards an "actuarial" or "insurance-based" model of penology, which focuses on managing groups and predicting risk rather than individual rehabilitation or moral responsibility.

Question 4

Which state led the nation in the percentage of citizens in prison in the 1980s?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which state led the nation in the...

Question 5

"America's toughest sheriff", Sheriff Joseph M. Arpaio, runs a "no frills" administration in his county jail located in what state?

Accepted Answer

Sheriff Joseph M. Arpaio is famously known as "America's toughest sheriff" and he ran his no-frills administration in his county jail in Maricopa County, Arizona.

Question 6

The American Revolution brought a halt to importation of English prisoners to the United States.

Accepted Answer

During the American Revolution, the British were unable to continue sending prisoners to the colonies, as they were effectively cut off by the war.

Question 7

Similar to a "scarlet letter" punishment, sometimes offenders in Colonial America were branded with a hot iron, for example, the letter "V" for vagabond or the letter "D" for drunkard.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Branding was a common punishment in Colonial America and some offenders were branded with letters indicating their crime.

Question 8

The U.S. Supreme Court has used the phrase "objectively reasonable" in deciding whether certain punishments are Constitutional.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court uses the phrase "objectively reasonable" primarily in the context of Fourth Amendment cases, such as determining the reasonableness of searches and seizures, not in deciding the constitutionality of punishments.

Question 9

Eastern State Penitentiary was America's "first true correctional institution."

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

The method of administration used at Eastern came to be known as the "Pennsylvania system" or "separate system," and Auburn became associated with the term "congregate system."

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The separate system was used at Eastern State Penitentiary, and the congregate system was used at Auburn Prison, leading to those terms being associated with each facility.

Question 11

What were some of the early forms of correctional punishment? Do you think these punishments were effective? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were some of the early forms...

Question 12

What was the convict lease system? What were some of the abuses that resulted from the use of the convict lease system?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the convict lease system? What...

Question 13

Did America move in the right direction during the deinstitutionalization movement? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

In view of the history of corrections, is the get-tough approach to dealing with offenders proper or misguided? Explain.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Describe the differences between the Pennsylvania (separate) system and the New York (congregate) system of prisons.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

When viewing the history of correctional rehabilitation efforts, do you think those who said "nothing works" were correct? Explain.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Some say to ignore history is to be condemned to repeat its mistakes. Do you notice any current practices that seem to ignore the lessons of history?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Ethics Focus: What is Barbaric?
History offers examples of practices that were considered acceptable and even praiseworthy at one time but are now considered either barbaric or simply antiquated. One example is the use of punishments like the stocks, where offenders were put on public display to both punish them and deter others from such offenses.
-Are we doing anything in the twenty-first century that you think will eventually be considered barbaric or, at best, antiquated? For example, do you think that one day people might consider lethal injection barbaric?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethics Focus: What is Barbaric?
History offers examples...

Question 19

Ethics Focus: What is Barbaric?
History offers examples of practices that were considered acceptable and even praiseworthy at one time but are now considered either barbaric or simply antiquated. One example is the use of punishments like the stocks, where offenders were put on public display to both punish them and deter others from such offenses.
-Will the idea of locking people up in prisons ever turn into a practice that will appear cruel and unusual or just terribly old-fashioned, or, conversely, will the future provide a primary means of punishment that is so harsh that imprisonment will seem quaint by comparison? What do you think? Discuss.

Accepted Answer