Which client incident would be classified as an adverse event that requires an incident/event/irregular occurrence/variance report? Select all that apply. A)Client admitted with white blood cell count of 28,000 mm³ (28.0 × 10⁹/L) and dies from sepsis B)Client receives 1 mg morphine instead of prescribed 0.5 mg morphine C)Client refuses pneumonia vaccination and contracts pneumonia D)Nurse did not report client's new hemoglobin result of 6 g/dL (60 g/L) to oncoming nurse E)Provider was not notified of client's positive blood culture results

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An adverse event is an injury to a client caused by medical management rather than a client's underlying condition. It may or may not be preventable. The Institute of Medicine (2000) recognizes 4 types of errors. They are: Diagnostic (delay in diagnosis, failure to employ indicated tests, failure to act on results of monitoring) Treatment (error in performance of procedure, treatment, dose; avoidable delay) Preventive (failure to provide prophylactic treatment, inadequate follow-up/monitoring of treatment) Other (failure of communication, equipment failure, system failure) Option B is a treatment error. Option D is a communication error as well as inadequate follow-up. Option E is a communication error and a failure to respond to an abnormal test. Timely reporting of critical results of tests and diagnostic procedures is part of the Joint Commission Hospital National Patient Safety Goals. (Option A) The client was admitted with signs of a severe infection and the death is likely a result of that process rather than a medical error. (Option C) Under the ethical principle of autonomy, the client has the right to refuse anything even if it is not to the client's ultimate best interest. The pneumonia could be due to lack of vaccination, but there is no direct relationship. Educational objective: Adverse events are injuries caused by medical management rather than a client's underlying condition. Types of errors include diagnostic, treatment, preventive, and failure of communication, equipment, or other systems.

Which Client Incident Would Be Classified as an Adverse Event