# Environmental Science Study Set 5

Environmental Science

## Quiz 11 :Water Resources and Water Pollution

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List three ways in which you could apply Concept 11-3 and three ways in which you could apply Concept 11-5 to making your lifestyle more environmentally sustainable.
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We can use freshwater sustainable by reducing water waste. This can be done by raising the price of the water. Population also needs to be controlled, it is growing at a fast pace. Aquifers, forests and other ecosystem shall be preserved and stored for future use. There are various ways in which water can be conserved. Freshwater use shall be decreased by recycling water and using it over again. Usage of freshwater in irrigation shall be reduced. Also freshwater waste can be reduced in households and industries. Water should be used in less quantity to reduce the water waste.
Water pollution can be controlled in many ways. It has point and non-point source of pollution. Almost all the pollutants have harmful effects that contaminate water and harmful health effects to living beings. Though streams and groundwater have their own mechanism to cleanse itself but at present streams are over polluted so human actions are require to clean it. Recycle, reduce and reuse are the ways to conserve or prevent the resources. Using of energy efficient appliances and treating wastes before releasing them into the lakes, rivers etc. will help in controlling pollution level. Also strict laws shall be made for pollution control and violators shall be punished.

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Use library research, the Internet, and user interviews to evaluate the relative effectiveness of home water-purification devices. Try to determine the costs of such systems, including purchase, installation, and maintenance costs, and record these costs for each system. Determine the type or types of water pollutants that each device removes and the effectiveness of each such device.
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Water purification methods are used at home because the water that reaches the households is not completely pure. There are several types of water filters used at home i.e. Filters, reverse osmosis units, distillers and softeners. In olden days, the water was purified by boiling which used to kill germs. But as the technology has advanced, the germs and bacteria's have also become very powerful. So only boiling of water is not enough.
1. Filters: Dirt, sediments and odors are removed by the filters. Filters use the adsorption and mechanical filters to purify water. Various types of filters are present in the market. For e.g. Carbon filter, pour through, faucet mount, line bypass, Fiber filters etc. All these filters have some special functions for killing different types of germs
2. Reverse osmosis: It is quite an expensive purifier. In helps in removing inorganic germs or chemicals from the water. It treats water only for drinking and cooking. Its price ranges from $200 to$1000.
It is an alternative to bottled water. It gives pure water. It kills all kinds of organic germs.
Water treatment produces purified, cleared and odorless water. It reduces nitrates, phosphates etc present in the water that prevents liver, eye damage and skin irritation.

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In 2005, the population of the U.S. state of Florida consumed 24.5 billion liters (6.5 billion gallons) of freshwater daily. It is projected that in 2025, the daily consumption will increase to 32.1 billion liters (8.5 billion gallons) per day. Between 2005 and 2025, the population of Florida is projected to increase from 17.5 million to 25.9 million. 1. Based on total freshwater use: a. Calculate the per capita consumption of water per day in Florida in 2005 and the projected per capita consumption per day for 2025. b. Calculate the per capita consumption of water for the year iti Florida in 2005 and the projected per capita consumption per year for 2025.
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(a)
Calculate the per capita water consumption per day in 2005.
Substitute
for total consumption of water and
for total population in 2005.
Hence the use of per capita water is
Calculate the per capita water consumption per day in 2025
Substitute
for total consumption of water and
for total population in 2005.
Hence the use of per capita water in 2025 is
(b)
Calculate the per capita water consumption per year in 2005.
Substitute
for total consumption of water and
for total population in 2005.
Hence the use of per capita water consume in a year 2005 is
Calculate the per capita water consumption per year in 2025
Substitute
for total consumption of water and
for total population in 2005.
Hence the use of per capita water per year in 2025 is

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List three ways in which human activities increase the harmful effects of flooding. What is the best way to prevent each of these human impacts Do you think they should be prevented Why or why not
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What is the key concept for this section What is water pollution Distinguish between point sources and nonpoint sources of water pollution and give art example of each. List nine major types of water pollutants and give an example of each.
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Investigate water use at your school. Try to determine all specific sources of any water waste, taking careful notes and measurements for each of them, and try to estimate how much water is wasted per hour, per day, and per year. Develop a water conservation plan for your school and submit it to school officials.
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Calculate how many liters (and gallons) of water are wasted in 1 month by a toilet that leaks 2 drops of water per second. (1 liter of water equals about 3,500 drops and 1 liter equals 0.265 gallon.) How many bathtubs (each containing about 151 liters or 40 gallons) could this waste water fill
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What is a dam What is a reservoir What are the advantages and disadvantages of using large dams and reservoirs Describe what has happened to water flows in the Colorado River since 1960. List three possible solutions to this problem. Describe the California Water Project. Describe the environmental and health disaster caused by the Aral Sea water transfer project. Define desalination and distinguish between distillation and reverse osmosis as methods for desalinating water. What are three limitations of desalination
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When you flush your toilet, where does the wastewater go Trace the actual flow of this water in your community from your toilet through sewers to a wastewater treatment plant and from there to the environment. Try to visit a local sewage treatment plant to see what it does with your wastewater. Compare the processes it uses with those shown in Figure 11-32. What happens to the sludge produced by this plant What improvements, if any, would you suggest for this plant List the three best ways you can think of for reducing your unnecessary waste of water. Which, if any, of these things do you already do
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What is the key concept for this section What percentage of available freshwater is unnecessarily wasted in the world and in the United States, and what are two causes of water waste Describe three major irrigation methods and list ways to reduce water waste in irrigation in more and less-developed countries. List four ways to reduce water waste in industries and homes, and three ways to use less water to remove wastes. List four ways to use water sustainably and four ways in which you can reduce use and waste of water
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What are the three key concepts for this section What are the advantages and disadvantages of withdrawing groundwater Describe the problem of groundwater depletion in the world and in the United States, especially in the Ogallala aquifer. Describe the problems of land subsidence and contamination of freshwater aquifers near coastal areas resulting from the overpumping of water from aquifers. List four ways to prevent or slow groundwater depletion, including the possible use of deep aquifers.
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What do you believe are the three most important priorities for dealing with the water resource problems of the Colorado River basin, as discussed in the Core Case Study that opens this chapter Explain your choices.
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You are a regulator charged with drawing up plans for controlling water pollution. Briefly describe one idea for controlling water pollution from each of the following sources: (a) an effluent pipe from a factory going into a stream, (b) a parking lot at a shopping mall bordered by a stream, and (c) a farmer's field on a slope next to a stream.
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What are the two key concepts for this section Define freshwater. Describe how water is recycled by the hydrologic cycle and how human activities can overload and alter this cycle. What percentage of the earth's freshwater is available to us Define groundwater, zone of saturation, water table, aquifer, surface water, surface runoff, watershed (drainage basin), reliable surface runoff, and drought. What percentage of the world's reliable runoff are we using and what percentage are we likely to be using by 2025 How is most of the world's water used Describe the availability and use of freshwater resources in the United States. Define water footprint and virtual water. What are five major problems resulting from the way people are using water from the Colorado River basin What percentage of the earth's land suffers from severe drought today and how might this change by 2059 How many people in the world lack regular access to clean water today and how high might this number grow by 2025
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CORE CASE STUDY Discuss the importance of the Colorado River basin in the United States and how human activities are stressing this system (Core Case Study).
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What is key concept for this section What is a flood plain and why do people like to live on floodplains What are the benefits and drawbacks od floods List three human activities that increase the risk of flooding. Describe the increased flooding risks that many people in Bangladesh face and what they are doing about it. List three ways to reduce of flooding.
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Visit the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 2010 topic portal and research the ecological effects of the oil well blowout and spill. Write a report that answers some or all of the following questions. Is oil pollution in the gulf still considered to be a problem How has it affected the coastal wetlands along the gulf How has it affected species living under the water How has it affected bird life in the gulf How has it affected the fishing industry there
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What role does population growth play in water supply problems Relate this to water supply problems of the Colorado River basin (Core Case Study).
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