Quiz 4: Biodiversity and Evolution
Environmental Science
Q 1Q 1
How might we and other species be affected if all of the world's sharks ( Core Case Study ) were to go extinct
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Some shark species such as hammerhead shark are now keen to extinction. These shark species helps in the ecosystem and make them functional. For example the some shark species eats the sick and the dead animals and mammals in the ocean which otherwise be floating around. World shark species are now at the verge of extinction. The reason is being the hunting by humans. Extinction of the sharks severely affects the ecosystem.
Q 2Q 2
This graph shows data collected by scientists who were investigating biodiversity on islands as it relates to island size and distance from the nearest mainland. One of the hypotheses developed by these scientists was that larger islands tend to have higher species densities.
The graph shows measurements taken for two variables: the area on an island within which measurements were taken, and the population density of a certain species of lizard found in each area. Note that the areas studied varied from 100 square meters (m 2 ) (1,076 square feet) to 300 m 2 (3.228 square feet), as shown on the x-axis. Population densities measured by the scientists varied from 0.1 to 0.4 individuals per m 2 (y-axis). Study the data and answer the following questions.
How many measurements below 0.2 individuals per m 2 were made How many of these measurements were made in areas smaller than 200 m 2 How many were made in areas larger than 200 m 2
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Four measurements were taken below the level of
individuals per meter square. Out of these four measurements three measurements were found to be in area smaller than 200 meter square. In total seven measurements were made in the area smaller than 200 meter square and five measurements were taken in area more than 200 meter square.
Q 3Q 3
Search for Shark Finning to find out what actions are being taken by various nations to reduce the killing of sharks, particularly the practice of finning ( Core Case Study ). Write a short summary report on your research.
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World shark species are now at the verge of extinction. The reason is being the hunting by humans. The fin of the sharks is used to cut down and then shark is leaved again in the ocean but the shark is not able to swim and thus either bleeds to death or drowned. This process is called finning and having the utmost danger for the shark species. These types of threats put sharks life at danger. Many of the shark species are near the complete extinction for example hammerhead. Some of the countries put restriction on the shark finning. Some of these countries are Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, United States, Malaysia, New Zealand, and many others. Shark finning is now illegal in some countries and different measures were taken to prevent the shark finning.
Q 4Q 4
CORE CASE STUDY
Describe the threats to many of the world's shark species ( Core Case Study ) and explain why we should avoid hastening the extinction of any shark species study through our activities.
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Q 5Q 5
What role does each of the following processes play in helping to implement the three principles of sustainability : (a) natural selection, (b) speciation, and (c) extinction
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Q 6Q 6
This graph shows data collected by scientists who were investigating biodiversity on islands as it relates to island size and distance from the nearest mainland. One of the hypotheses developed by these scientists was that larger islands tend to have higher species densities.
The graph shows measurements taken for two variables: the area on an island within which measurements were taken, and the population density of a certain species of lizard found in each area. Note that the areas studied varied from 100 square meters (m 2 ) (1,076 square feet) to 300 m 2 (3.228 square feet), as shown on the x-axis. Population densities measured by the scientists varied from 0.1 to 0.4 individuals per m 2 (y-axis). Study the data and answer the following questions.
How many measurements above 0.2 individuals per m 2 were made How many of these measurements were made in areas smaller than 200 m 2 How many were made in areas larger than m 2
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Q 7Q 7
What is the key concept for Section 4-l List and define the four major components of biodiversity (biological diversity). What is the importance of biodiversity Define species. Summarize the importance of insects. Define and give three examples of biomes. Summarize the scientific contributions of Edward O. Wilson.
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Q 8Q 8
How would you respond to someone who tells you that:
a. he or she does not believe in biological evolution because it is "just a theory"
b. we should not worry about air pollution because natural selection will enable humans to develop lungs that can detoxify pollutants
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Q 9Q 9
This graph shows data collected by scientists who were investigating biodiversity on islands as it relates to island size and distance from the nearest mainland. One of the hypotheses developed by these scientists was that larger islands tend to have higher species densities.
The graph shows measurements taken for two variables: the area on an island within which measurements were taken, and the population density of a certain species of lizard found in each area. Note that the areas studied varied from 100 square meters (m 2 ) (1,076 square feet) to 300 m 2 (3.228 square feet), as shown on the x-axis. Population densities measured by the scientists varied from 0.1 to 0.4 individuals per m 2 (y-axis). Study the data and answer the following questions.
Do your answers support the hypothesis that larger are tend to have higher species densities Explain.
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Q 10Q 10
What are the two key concepts for Section 4-2 What is a fossil and why are fossils important for understanding the history of life What is biological evolution State the theory of evolution by natural selection. What is a mutation and what role do mutations play in evolution by natural selection What is an adaptation (adaptive trait) How did humans become such a powerful species What are two limits to evolution by natural selection What are three myths about evolution through natural selection
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Q 11Q 11
Explain how you would experimentally determine whether or not an organism is an indicator species.
(b) Do the same exercise for a keystone species.
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Q 12Q 12
What is the key concept for Section 4-3 Describe how geologic processes can affect natural selection. How can climate change and catastrophes such as asteroid impacts affect natural selection
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Q 13Q 13
Is the human species a keystone species Explain. If humans were to become extinct, what are three species that might also become extinct and three species whose populations would probably grow
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Q 14Q 14
What are the two key concepts for Section 4-4 What is speciation Distinguish between geographic isolation and reproductive isolation , and explain how they can lead to the formation of a new species. Distinguish between artificial selection and genetic engineering and give an example of each.
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Q 15Q 15
How would you respond to someone who says that because extinction is a natural process, we should not worry about the loss of biodiversity when species become extinct largely as a result of our activities
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Q 16Q 16
What is extinction What is an endemic species and why can such a species be vulnerable to extinction Distinguish between background extinction and mass extinction.
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Q 17Q 17
List three ways in which you could apply Concept 4-4B to making your lifestyle more environmentally sustainable.
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Q 18Q 18
What are the two key concepts for Section 4-5 What is an ecological niche Distinguish between specialist species and generalist species and give an example of each.
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Q 19Q 19
Congratulations! You are in charge of the future evolution of life on the earth. What are the three things that you would consider to be the most important to do
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Q 20Q 20
Define and distinguish among native, nonnative, and indicator species and give an example of each type. What major ecological roles do amphibian species play List nine factors that contribute to the threat of extinction for frogs and other amphibians. What are three reasons for protecting amphibians
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Q 21Q 21
Define and give an example of a keystone species. Describe the role of some sharks as a keystone species. Describe the role of the American alligator as a keystone species and how it was brought back from near extinction.
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Q 22Q 22
What are this chapter's three big ideas How are ecosystems and the variety of species they contain related to the three principles of sustainability
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