Quiz 8: How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Life forms are made of several types of basic building blocks, comprising of a molecules from a variety of chemical structures. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids are some of the most universally present chemical groups in life forms. Apart from pure forms of these chemical compounds, combinations of two or more forms also occur. Each of these chemical compounds has specific functions to play, with each of them having more than one specific function. The chief nutrients are the carbohydrates, proteins, fats, of which carbohydrates are the most commonly used for energy liberation. Proteins and fats are also used in certain circumstances as energy sources. However, the nucleic acids are seldom used for energy due to the specific functions of these molecules as the hereditary material. Nucleic acids are the genetic material and are instrumental for not only storing the blue-print of life, but also for the proper functioning of the myriad of physiological processes. This genetic information is stored in the form of nucleotide sequences, any changes in the sequence leading to an altered expression of the stored information. Thus, even utilizing a small portion of the genetic material will lead to alterations in the cellular functions and thus, these are not the ideal choices as energy-producing molecules.

The glycolysis process is an important metabolic process that occurs in the cytoplasm. Hence, the option (d) cytoplasm is the correct answer. Thus, the correct answer is Glycolysis starts and ends in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus where the genetic material is stored. Hence, the option (a) Nucleus is not the correct answer. Mitochondria are the cell organelles in which aerobic respiration occurs and not the glycolytic reactions. Hence, the option (b) mitochondrion is not the correct answer. The plasma membrane is an outer covering of the cell and helps in communicating with the external environment. As the glycolysis process starts and ends in the cytoplasm, the option (c) Plasma membrane is not the correct answer.

Life forms are made of several types of basic building blocks, comprising of a molecules from a variety of chemical structures. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids are some of the most universally present chemical groups in life forms. Apart from pure forms of these chemical compounds, combinations of two or more forms also occur. Each of these chemical compounds has specific functions to play, with each of them usually having more than one specific function. Proteins are the building blocks of tissues and play an important role as structural components of tissues. In the given example, the qualified nutritionist suggested a protein-rich diet that included protein supplements during a body-building program. Body-building results in an increase in the muscle mass and thus, additional protein as required should be supplemented. This will cater to the additional demand for protein and most of them will be integrated into the muscle tissue that develops during the body-building program.