Answer:
Unified modelling language (UML) data models
These are the representation of databases' conceptual contents in a graphical manner and not in a written manner. And this helps the database users to easily understand what the database designers are trying to convey.
Business process model and notation (BPMN) models
It is presentation for specifying business processes in a model of business process graphically. It is developed by business process management initiative. It is used to support both the technical users and business users.
The question here discusses about studio B which has been in the business since 40 years. The studio trains karate to its students in the age range of 3-80. It lets the students to pay monthly, and semi-annually and a black belt program is also available.
Each student can take group classes or a private class as per the program selected. Additional private lessons, uniforms, sparring gears, and clothing items can be bought by students.
The students generally pay at the time of their purchases, but some established students are allowed to make purchases on credit and have to pay the sum within two weeks of the purchase.
Only a few employees handle the payment transactions because most of the employees in the studio are instructors.
a.
BPMN diagram that explains the sales and collection process of the studio is given as follows:
According to the diagram above, the process starts with the review of the program/packages by the students. And then the student makes selection of the preferred package.
After that, the instructor is assigned to the students, equipment is provided to the student and the selected program is assigned to the student. And, eventually the lessons are provided according the plan selected.
b.
The UML diagram showing the sales and collection process, and association can be made as follows:
In the above diagram, the multiplicities are allotted to the each of the attributes. The packages assigned to program and the instructor type are related to each other with one-to-many relationship, which means that each package can have many instructor.
Programs and sales are related to each other with a one-to-many relationship, which means that a program can be sold to many students. Inventory and sales are related to each other with a many-to-many relationship, which means that an inventory can be sold many times, and a sale can involve many inventories.
Cash and sales are associated to each other with a one-to-many relationship, which means each sale can be paid in installments. Sale and student are related to each other with a one-to-many relationship, which means that a program can be sold to many students.
Student and employees are related to each other with a one-to-many relationship, which means that an employee can get many students to instruct.
c.
Relational table listed to explain the sales and collection process of the studio is as follows:
Cash [Cash account (PK), cash account balance]
Inventory [Inventory item (PK), inventory item description, inventory item price, inventory item quantity in hand]
Packages [Private lesson package (PK), Lesson package description, Private lesson package price, Instructor type]
Programs [Program (PK), Program description, Program price]
Sales [Sales (PK), Sales amount, Sales date, Sale paid (Y/N), credit card number for the sale, …]
Employees [Employee (PK), Employee name, Employee rank, Instructor type]
Instructor type [Instructor type (PK), quantity of instructors of this type]
Sales- [Sales + inventory type (PK), quantity of this inventory type]
Inventory
Sales- [Sales + private lesson package (PK)]
Packages
Answer:
Business rules
These are conditions on how a business is processed, explained and expressed clearly and precisely, guiding on how a business should operate and behave in certain circumstances. They are not modeled but are in a written form.
Business rules are not processes but they can be thought of as control activities as they approve, authorize, verify, reconcile, segregate the duties, and those activities that address risks to achieve objectives of entity.
Some business rules with which internal controls for a sale process are implemented are as follows:
1. The customer should make the payment.
2. Rules regarding the payment options. Only valid options that the business approves should be used to make the payments by the customer.
3. Large bills should be handled immediately. Like the employees of Starbucks keep $20 bills and larger as soon as possible in the safe.
4. Rules regarding practice for theft prevention, by customers and employees both.
Answer:
Sales and collection process
When products and services are sold by a firm to its customers and in return the customers pay for the product and services, it is a process which involves sales as well as a collection. The sales and collection process covers all the business activities related to selling of product and services, maintenance of customer records, billing and recording payments made by the customers. Managing accounts receivables through aging accounts and authorizing credit also comes under sales and collection process.
In sales and collection process all the accounting transactions are generated that record sales revenue, accounts receivables and receipts in cash. This process also affects those firm's costs of goods sold and inventory that engage in selling merchandise. Sales are generally made in return of cash or credit. It may also include sales tax.
When a sale is made in return for cash, the balance of cash increases and when on credit, the accounts receivables are made which is the money that is owed to the firm from sales of product and services. And finally, when a credit customer pays cash, the cash balance increases and accounts receivables are decrease by the amount paid.
Receiving an order of sales from a customer does not create any accounts receivables. After receiving the order the products are produced first and then delivered. Afterwards the invoice is generated and lastly, sent to the customer.
Thus, option a is incorrect.
When selling is done, the customers are billed as per the quotes decided between the two parties and then after sending invoice the collection is made.
Thus, option c is also incorrect.
Recording of payment is made, when customers actually pay the amount of sales whether sales is made in cash or credit.
Thus, option d is also incorrect.
The option e states that none of the options depicts the activity in respect to the creation of accounts receivables which is also incorrect because the one option is correct out of the all options.
When the ordered finished goods are shipped to the customer and sales is on credit, then the account receivables is created after sending the invoice to the customers.
Thus, the correct option is option
.