Which of the Following Is an Example of Ethnographic Research

Which of the following is an example of ethnographic research?

A) The marketing team at Amex is conducting surveys through mail questionnaires to estimate the demand for a new pain-relieving device in the market.
B) The marketing team at ProValue is scanning data in the internal database to categorize customers based on age, gender, occupation, and other variables.
C) The marketing researcher hired by Vince is manipulating the variable of price while holding all other relevant variables constant to study the impact of Vince's pricing changes.
D) The marketing researcher hired by Lou and Price is watching and interacting with consumers in retail stores as they evaluate and purchase different products.
E) The marketing team at Hollis Inc. is using data mining techniques to unearth relevant consumption patterns and preferences of their customers.