Question 1

Francisco has fallen in love many times but has difficulty finding long-term happiness in any of his relationships. He desperately wants to find a romantic partner. Francisco probably has which kind of adult attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Francisco's pattern of falling in love often but struggling to find long-term happiness suggests an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. This style is characterized by a strong desire for intimacy but also fear of rejection or abandonment, leading to difficulties in maintaining stable, satisfying relationships.

Question 2

In general, avoidance coping strategies are more effective in helping people with a wide variety of stressors than active strategies.

Accepted Answer

Avoidance coping strategies, such as ignoring or avoiding a stressor, may provide temporary relief but can ultimately lead to more stress and negative outcomes. Active coping strategies, such as problem-solving and seeking support, are generally more effective in addressing stressors and promoting positive outcomes.

Question 3

Individuals who see themselves as unworthy of love is characteristic of which of the following categories of adult attachment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who see themselves as unworthy of...

Question 4

One explanation for why aggression leads to more aggression is that it is reinforced by the cathartic release of tension.

Accepted Answer

The cathartic release of tension that occurs through aggression can reinforce and increase aggressive behavior in the future.

Question 5

State the early version of the distinction between active-role and avoidant coping strategies. Give some examples of a person's response to stress from each end of the dimension. Distinguish further the coping strategies that are problem-focused from emotion-focused strategies. State the relative effectiveness of these different strategies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State the early version of the distinction...

Question 6

A four-category model of adult attachment styles divides people along which two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

The four-category model of adult attachment styles divides people along two dimensions: fear of abandonment and fear of closeness. This model includes secure attachment, anxious preoccupied attachment, dismissive-avoidant attachment, and fearful-avoidant attachment. Each attachment style is defined by a combination of these two dimensions.

Question 7

Although she is involved in a steady romantic relationship, Jackie has an avoidant attachment style. This week she is stressed about an upcoming medical operation. Studies suggest the stress will cause Jackie to

Accepted Answer

Individuals with avoidant attachment styles tend to distance themselves emotionally from their partners when under stress. Therefore, the most likely response for Jackie in this situation would be to pull away from her partner.

Question 8

Of the following individuals, which was not a figure in the development and advancement of the object-relations approach?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler was not a figure in the development and advancement of the object-relations approach. While he was a prominent figure in the development of psychoanalytic theory, his focus was on individual psychology rather than object relations. The other three individuals (Donald Winnicott, Heinz Kohut, and Margaret Mahler) were all significant contributors to the object-relations approach.

Question 9

Karen Horney agreed with Freud that unconscious conflicts often trigger anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney was a neo-Freudian psychologist who accepted Freud's theory that unconscious conflicts can cause anxiety. However, she rejected many other aspects of Freud's ideas, including his focus on the Oedipus complex and penis envy.

Question 10

A woman is uncomfortable getting close to others and has difficulty trusting potential romantic partners. She probably has which kind of adult attachment style?

Accepted Answer

The woman's discomfort getting close to others and difficulty trusting potential romantic partners indicate an avoidant attachment style. Avoidant individuals often value independence and may have trouble opening up emotionally in relationships.

Question 11

Carol is having difficulty with her romantic relationship. She is afraid of losing her partner, so she gives in to her partner's wishes to keep him happy. Carol probably has which kind of attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style have a fear of rejection or abandonment, resulting in a strong desire to seek approval and validation from their partner. They may give in to their partner's wishes to avoid conflict and maintain their relationship, even if it's at their own expense.

Question 12

An attachment style inventory was completed by couples waiting in an airport, their behavior was then observed until departure. Results from this research showed that

Accepted Answer

The study found that secure individuals showed signs of closeness to their partner while waiting, which supports the idea that secure attachment is associated with greater intimacy and closeness in relationships. The other options (A, B, and C) are not supported by the information given in the question stem.

Question 13

In terms of the four-category model of adult attachment, dismissing people have feelings that they are unworthy while they tend to see others as trustworthy.

Accepted Answer

Dismissing individuals tend to have an avoidant attachment style and often see themselves as self-sufficient and not in need of close relationships. They may see others as unreliable or untrustworthy and have difficulty with emotional intimacy. They may not necessarily feel unworthy themselves, but may devalue the importance of close relationships in their lives.

Question 14

Research consistently finds that any of the coping strategy types discussed in the textbook have the same effectiveness at reducing anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Research has actually found that some types of coping strategies, such as problem-focused coping and emotion regulation, are more effective at reducing anxiety than others.

Question 15

In terms of the four-category model of adult attachment, preoccupied people

Accepted Answer

Preoccupied people have a negative self-view and a positive view of others. They tend to feel unworthy while believing that others are reliable and trustworthy.

Question 16

A person who describes his or her relationships with family members as distrustful and emotionally distant most probably has an avoidant style of attachment.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with avoidant attachment styles have difficulty trusting others and forming close emotional connections, including with family members. They may also prioritize independence and self-sufficiency over seeking comfort and support from others.

Question 17

Think of a time when you have been under an extreme amount of anxiety (you may make one up if you prefer). Describe how you might have dealt with this anxiety using a problem-focused strategy, an emotion-focused strategy, and an avoidance strategy .Which would have most likely produced the best outcome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think of a time when you have...

Question 18

A man worries that his romantic partner does not really love him. He becomes demanding and sometimes overwhelming in his effort to secure his partner's love. The man probably has which kind of attachment style?

Accepted Answer

The man's behavior suggests an anxious-ambivalent attachment style, where he constantly seeks reassurance and validation from his partner and has an intense fear of abandonment.

Question 19

People with which kind of adult attachment style are least likely to fall in love?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an avoidant attachment style tend to have difficulty forming close relationships and are less likely to fall in love compared to other attachment styles. They may prioritize independence and self-sufficiency over emotional intimacy and thus may be less likely to engage in close romantic relationships.

Question 20

Discuss how Freud's original frustration-aggression hypothesis influenced research by behavioral psychologists on the topic. Give evidence that frustration is one cause of aggression. Define displacement and catharsis and specify their roles in aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how Freud's original frustration-aggression hypothesis influenced...

Quiz 6: The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research