Quiz 16: Ctherapies

According to your textbook,two of the major logistical barriers to psychological treatment are A)time and money. B)a lack of available trained mental health professionals. C)rigid diagnostic criteria for mental illness. D)negative side effects from drug treatments.

Gender roles often result in A)men seeking help for mental illness less frequently than women. B)women seeking help for mental illness less frequently than men. C)men experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than women. D)women experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than men.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding court-ordered treatments in the U.S.? A)Individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to receive involuntary treatment. B)Individuals who are lower in socioeconomic status are more likely to receive involuntary treatment. C)Individuals who are higher in socioeconomic status are more likely to receive involuntary treatment. D)Individuals from African-American or Latino backgrounds are less likely to receive involuntary treatment.

Which of the following mental health professionals is most likely to have a PhD (rather than a medical degree)and diagnose and treat a wide range of mental health issues (from mild to severe)? A)clinical psychologist B)research psychologist C)psychiatrist D)counselling psychologist

Dr.Snider has a PhD and works in a hospital (without a medical degree),where she diagnoses and treats patients with severe psychological disorders,such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Dr.Snider is likely a A)psychiatrist. B)research psychologist. C)clinical psychologist. D)counselling psychologist.

If you or a family member were suffering from a severe mental illness,you would most likely be treated by a(n)_____________ psychologist. A)research B)counselling C)academic D)clinical

Physicians who specialize in mental health and diagnose and treat mental disorders primarily by prescribing medications are called A)psychiatrists. B)clinical psychologists. C)counselling psychologists. D)experimental psychologists.

Rihanna goes to a mental health professional for help with her depression.At the end of her session,the therapist writes Rihanna a prescription for an antidepressant drug.Rihanna's therapist is likely a:\ A)clinical social worker. B)psychiatrist. C)clinical psychologist. D)counselling psychologist.

Thanks to the _________________ movement,the majority of mental institutions in the Canada have been closed. A)deinstitutionalization B)inpatient C)involuntary treatment D)community psychology

The development of successful medications to treat psychological disorders allowed many patients to return to regular society and caused a shift away from inpatient facilities;a movement known as A)deinstitutionalization. B)inpatient mobilization. C)institutionalization. D)therapeutic alliance.

Today,people in need of serious,long-term care often live in _________________,which are a humane alternative to the institutions of the past. A)deinstitutionalized homes B)residential treatment centres C)asylums D)high-security prisons

A major goal of modern inpatient psychiatric treatment is A)keeping people with mental illness out of the community. B)permanently curing a patient's mental illness. C)helping residents become reintegrated into society. D)administering more invasive therapy techniques (e.g. ,electroconvulsive therapy).

Which area of psychology focuses on identifying how an individual's mental health is influenced by factors such as the neighbourhood,economics,and social groups? A)socioeconomic psychology B)holistic psychology C)family psychology D)community psychology

Empirically supported treatments refer to treatments A)that are used by largest number of therapists. B)that encourage a therapeutic alliance. C)that have been tested and evaluated. D)which have been shown to be effective 100% of the time.

Empirically supported treatments are also known as: A)bibliotherapies. B)evidence-based therapies. C)psychotherapies. D)insight therapies.

Which of the following is NOT an issue with testing the effectiveness of a psychological treatment? A)Randomly assigning participants to a control group can be considered unethical. B)Double-blind experiments are impossible. C)Therapists can vary in their relevant skills and approaches. D)It is difficult to find large enough sample sizes to test most psychological treatments.

Therapeutic alliance refers to A)the combined effectiveness of psychotherapy and drug treatments. B)the professional organization of psychologists,counsellors,and therapists. C)the relationship that emerges between patient and therapist during therapy. D)the organization tasked with empirically testing the effectiveness of psychological treatments.

Lindsay has been experiencing a great deal of stress during her first year of college.She checks out a book from the library which promises to help people find strategies for reducing stress.Lindsay is using __________ to help her learn to cope with her stress. A)bibliotherapy B)community psychology C)a systems approach D)psychoanalysis

A(n)_____________ is a statistical method that helps researchers to combine the findings from several research studies. A)meta-analysis B)experimental design C)correlation D)factor analysis

According to your textbook,analysis of several studies investigating the effectiveness of the self-help book Feeling Good,suggests that self-help books have _________ on well-being. A)no effects at all B)a detrimental effect C)a large beneficial effect D)potential beneficial effects

Starting in the 1970s,a program called Scared Straight exposed at-risk youth to the harsh reality of prison life.According to your textbook,which of the following is true about this program? A)It significantly reduced crime rates among troubled youth. B)The program did not reduce the risk of incarceration among the participants. C)The majority of participants went on to commit violent crimes. D)The program worked,but the effect was small.

The main objective of insight therapies is to give people A)feedback from their biologically controlled responses. B)help in understanding perceptual processes. C)basic training in observational learning and practice. D)an understanding of their psychological problems.

In which type of psychotherapy would a therapist attempt to uncover and resolve underlying unconscious conflicts? A)behavioural B)cognitive-behavioural C)humanistic D)psychodynamic

Carlita has just come from her first therapy session.To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety,the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks.Which type of therapy does her therapist appear to be using? A)cognitive-behavioural B)existential C)humanistic D)psychodynamic

Freud believed that patients could not resolve their psychological conflicts without the help of a therapist.This was primarily because Freud believed that A)non-psychologists do not have the training to understand their own thoughts. B)psychological conflicts are located in the unconscious mind and are difficult to access. C)although most people are consciously aware of their inner conflicts,they are not willing to admit them. D)people with psychological issues are not in the right mindset to appraise their internal feelings.

Laura has had many different jobs,but she always does something to get herself fired.After about fifteen therapy sessions,during which she explores her earliest memories,she has an insight.She comes to believe that sabotaging her jobs is her way of expressing anger toward her father,who had always put his job before his family.What method of therapy is Laura most likely engaged in? A)psychoanalysis B)behavioural therapy C)cognitive therapy D)humanist therapy

Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes.After a few minutes of relaxing,the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences.Bart is participating in A)dream analysis. B)transference. C)free association. D)object relations therapy.

Free association is a technique used in ___________ therapy. A)psychodynamic B)family C)person-centred D)cognitive-behavioural

Julio tells his therapist that he dreamt of a large blue monster that was about to eat him.His therapist interpreted this dream as representing Julio's abusive father.According to dream analysis,the manifest content is A)Julio. B)Julio's father. C)the abuse. D)the large blue monster.

According to Freud,when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream,you recall the dream's A)latent content. B)deep meaning. C)surface meaning. D)manifest content.

In interpreting a dream,a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover/unveil the dream's _________ content. A)latent B)manifest C)conscious D)insight

According to Freud,the ___________ content of the dream refers to the hidden,symbolic meaning of the dream. A)manifest B)idiographic C)latent D)insightful

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy,Dan begins to experience reluctance to cooperate with his therapist and tends to avoid questions from the therapist.According to Freud,Dan is experiencing A)resistance. B)object relations. C)transference D)free association.

Shondra has been in therapy with Dr.Williams for two months when she suddenly starts making jokes,avoiding his questions,and skipping appointments.Shondra is likely experiencing A)free association. B)resistance. C)transference. D)working through.

Amal begins to project his anxieties and unresolved feelings about his mother onto his therapist.This is what Freud would have called A)free association. B)resistance. C)transference. D)therapeutic alliance.

Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father.After a few months,she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also.According to Freud,this is an example of A)therapeutic alliance. B)resistance. C)transference. D)free association.

____________ is a type of psychodynamic therapy that focuses primarily on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning. A)Object relations therapy B)Systems therapy C)Family therapy D)Client-centred therapy

An object relations therapist would be least likely to emphasize the importance of unconscious ________ impulses and needs in a therapeutic setting. A)dependence B)sexual C)social D)status

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize? A)unconscious thoughts and desires B)personal growth and strengths C)abnormal thought processes D)family dynamics

The ultimate goal of humanistic psychotherapy is for people to A)change their maladaptive behaviours and reactions to challenging situations. B)change their maladaptive thoughts about themselves and their life circumstances. C)gain insight and move forward in achieving self-actualization. D)uncover the hidden motivations that impact their thoughts and behaviours.

A(n)_________ approach refers to the process of dealing with thoughts and feelings in the moment,rather than looking to the past. A)phenomenological B)insightful C)transference D)behavioural

Client-centred therapy is a type of ______ therapy. A)insight B)behaviour C)cognitive D)psychodynamic

________ developed client-centred therapy,which focuses on the patient's goals and ways of solving problems. A)Rogers B)Freud C)Beck D)Ellis

Gavi's mother acts as if she will be very disappointed in him if he does not become a doctor or a lawyer.Carl Rogers would refer to this as A)resistance. B)a condition of worth. C)unconditional positive regard. D)transference.

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's client-centred therapy? A)transference B)free association C)dream analysis D)unconditional positive regard

In client-centred therapy,the nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings the patient expresses is known as A)conditions of worth. B)self-actualization. C)unconditional positive regard. D)the phenomenological approach.

Rogers asserted that an effective psychotherapist would A)actively confront and challenge a client's erroneous beliefs. B)interpret important transference and resistance behaviours for a client. C)provide unconditional positive regard toward their client. D)facilitate the exploration of a client's unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Carl Rogers believed that _____________ was the cause of psychological health issues,and therefore ____________ was the key to helping clients get over them. A)unconditional positive regard;conditions of worth B)conditions of worth;unconditional positive regard C)repression;transference D)repression;free association

According to your textbook,which of the following is TRUE regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies? A)Psychodynamic therapies are not effective for treating any psychological disorders. B)Psychodynamic therapies are effective at treating severe depression and schizophrenia. C)The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies has never been scientifically tested. D)Psychodynamic therapies may be effective at treating panic and borderline personality disorders.

According to the textbook,research into the effectiveness of person-centred therapy has found A)inconsistent and mixed results. B)it to be consistently more effective than no treatment at all. C)it to be consistently as effective as cognitive-behavioural therapy. D)it to be effective for the treatment of severe anxiety,but little else.

Psychologists who practice __________ therapy focus on the client's problem behaviours and the environmental factors that trigger them. A)person-centred B)insight C)systems D)behavioural

Which type of therapy is based on using learning principles,such as classical conditioning? A)behavioural B)insight C)psychoanalysis D)client-centred

In behaviour therapy,maladaptive behaviours are seen as A)the result of learning. B)the result of unconscious thoughts. C)the result of a neuro-chemical imbalance. D)an indicator of neurophysiological abnormalities.

Amira was bitten by a dog when she was younger.As an adult,Amira has an extreme phobia of dogs,and begins to shake if she even sees a dog.A behavioural therapist would suggest that Amira's phobia is a result of A)conditions of worth. B)unconditional positive regard. C)classical conditioning. D)repressed negative emotions.

Systematic desensitization is specifically designed to help a person to deal with his or her A)depression. B)schizophrenic symptoms. C)phobia. D)addiction.

Cherise finds out that she is being transferred to an office located on the tenth floor of a building.The problem is that she fears heights so much that she never goes above the third floor in any building.Her therapist teaches her how to relax deeply while imagining looking out over a balcony.As her therapy progresses,Cherise imagines herself on higher and higher floors.This technique is called A)systematic desensitization. B)aversive conditioning. C)flooding. D)classical conditioning.

Mahdi attempts to overcome his fear of clowns by learning how to shift from a feeling of tension to one of calm and relaxation.Next,he imagines different situations,each more anxiety-provoking than the previous.He only proceeds to the next situation if he can maintain his feeling of relaxation.Mahdi's therapist is using ________ to remove his fear. A)systems therapy B)conditioning C)flooding D)systematic desensitization

Which method of treating phobias involves relaxation and a step-wise progression to the feared object? A)aversive conditioning B)punishment C)flooding D)systematic desensitization

For which of these patients would systematic desensitization most likely be used? A)Joe,who has been depressed for two years and has frequent suicidal thoughts. B)Abner,who is sexually attracted to young children. C)Yara,who does not interact with members of her family due to her schizophrenia. D)Alice,who will only attend classes if they take place on the ground floor of a building.

Rhona's therapist is attempting to treat her agoraphobia by riding the subway with her during rush hour on the first day of treatment.The therapist is most likely doing this as part of a treatment known as A)systematic desensitization. B)aversive conditioning. C)flooding. D)resistance.

Estella is afraid of cats.To help her overcome her fear,her mother calmly pets and strokes a cat while Estella is watching.Her mother encourages her to imitate her behaviour.Estella's mother is likely using ______ to help her overcome her fear. A)systematic desensitization B)aversive conditioning C)flooding D)modelling

Jad is so afraid of germs that he wears gloves when opening doors.He is encouraged by his therapist to imitate a person in a video who demonstrates opening a door,step-by-step,without wearing gloves.Which technique is his therapist likely using? A)flooding B)modelling C)systematic desensitization D)aversive conditioning

________ allows psychotherapists to place persons in situations that would be difficult or impossible to do in real life in order to confront and eliminate their fears. A)Systems therapy B)Flooding C)Aversive conditioning D)Virtual reality exposure therapy

Thanks to new computer technology,virtual reality devices permit behaviour therapists to conduct _______________ in their offices. A)free association B)transference C)exposure therapy D)unconditional positive regard

One study outlined in the textbook suggested that virtual reality exposure therapy might help A)suicidal adolescents. B)girls and young women with negative body-image issues. C)people with substance abuse problems. D)soldiers returning from combat with PTSD.

Miranda is in therapy for alcoholism,and her doctor has prescribed a treatment which will make her vomit after drinking alcohol.Why might this be an ineffective treatment for Miranda? A)Miranda has a strong desire to quit drinking. B)The treatment is very expensive. C)Miranda likely has unresolved unconscious thoughts. D)Miranda can simply not take the treatment.

____________ is a drug commonly used to treat alcoholism through aversive conditioning. A)Xanax B)Narcan C)Antabuse D)Prozac

The use of Antabuse to induce vomiting when combined with alcohol,is a form of A)aversive conditioning. B)resistance. C)insight therapy. D)exposure therapy.

Which therapeutic technique uses punishment and other strategies to create a negative response to a stimulus? A)flooding B)aversive conditioning C)systematic desensitization D)electroconvulsive therapy

Cognitive-behavioural therapists would argue that anxiety and mood disorders are largely the result of A)conditions of worth. B)negative cognitions. C)maladaptive behaviours. D)unresolved childhood issues.

Cognitive restructuring and stress inoculation training are techniques associated with A)cognitive-behavioural therapy. B)client-centred therapy. C)family therapy. D)psychodynamic therapy.

_________________ involves helping clients identify and change irrational and self-defeating ways of thinking. A)Exposure B)The systems approach C)Cognitive restructuring D)Stress inoculation training

Franco feels like he fails at everything he tries.His cognitive-behavioural therapist helps Franco change this overly pessimistic view of himself and helps Franco to focus on more productive and rational thoughts.This part of cognitive-behavioural therapy is called A)cognitive restructuring. B)stress inoculation training. C)transference. D)exposure.

Within the scope of mindfulness,COAL stands for A)cognitive,objective,applied,and learning. B)curious,open,accepting,and loving. C)classical,operant,applied,and learning. D)cold,offensive,angry,and lying.

According to Siegel,mindfulness focuses on developing ___________,which refers to the relationship between oneself and oneself (i.e. ,knowing yourself). A)decentring B)stable attributions C)interpersonal attunement D)intrapersonal attunement

Dylan regularly tries to step back and examine his behaviour in an objective manner,as if he is an observer looking in on himself.Within the scope of mindfulness,this behaviour is known as A)decentring. B)interpersonal attunement. C)a systems approach. D)aversive conditioning.

Which of the following is TRUE of group therapy? A)It is widely regarded as the most effective form of therapy. B)It is typically ineffective for most psychological disorders. C)It is usually much cheaper than individual therapy. D)Brining patients with similar disorders together can increase the severity of their symptoms.

Instead of focusing just on individual family members,family therapists usually try to understand how each family member interacts with,and contributes to,the overall family dynamic.This is referred to as A)the therapeutic alliance. B)the systems approach. C)insight therapy. D)object relations therapy.

Cognitive-behavioural therapies have been found to be especially helpful in the treatment of A)schizophrenia. B)depression. C)borderline personality disorder. D)substance abuse.

The most effective treatment for the long-term treatment of anxiety disorders is A)psychodynamic therapy. B)treatment with anti-anxiety medications. C)insight therapy. D)cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Which form of biological therapy would a psychiatrist be most likely to suggest for a client? A)electroconvulsive therapy B)psychopharmacotherapy C)psychosurgery D)deep brain stimulation

Medications that affect psychological function are collectively referred to as ______________ drugs. A)psychotropic B)tricyclic C)psychedelic D)antipsychotic

To have an effect,drugs used to treat psychological disorders must be able to A)reduce neurotransmitter activity in the brain. B)increase neurotransmitter activity in the brain. C)cross from one side of a synapse to the other. D)cross the blood-brain barrier.

Antidepressant drugs typically affect which type of neurotransmitters? A)amino acids B)monoamines C)oxidases D)endorphins

A drug that elevates the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain by inhibiting an enzyme that metabolizes these neurotransmitters would most likely be used to treat A)psychosis. B)anxiety. C)bipolar disorder D)depression

Which of the following is true about MAOIs and tricyclics? A)They are both effective treatments for schizophrenia. B)Research has shown that they are no more effective than placebos. C)They are not widely used because of their negative side effects. D)They work by affecting the activity of GABA.

A frequently prescribed drug therapy for managing depression is A)Antabuse. B)lithium. C)Prozac. D)Clozapine.

Prozac (fluoxetine)works by A)deactivating monoamine oxidase. B)increasing dopamine in the synapse. C)affecting the activity of GABA. D)blocking the reuptake of serotonin.

Many people believe that St.John's wort can be used to treat depression.Researchers studying the effectiveness of this treatment have found A)that St.John's wort is not an effective treatment for depression. B)that St.John's wort is an exceptionally effective treatment for depression. C)that St.John's wort is effective,but not as effective as SSRIs. D)mixed results,with some studies finding an effect while others do not.

Which of the following is TRUE of the herbal remedy St.John's wort? A)St.John's wort should never be taken to treat even mild depression. B)St.John's wort is regulated by the FDA as a drug. C)St.John's wort can produce unfavourable reactions with other medications. D)St.John's wort is a more effective mood enhancer than SSRIs.

Who is most likely to be prescribed lithium to treat their symptoms? A)Zara,who is near death from starving herself due to her anorexia. B)Dmitri,who swings from mania to thoughts of suicide. C)Josh,who has hallucinations and delusions. D)Batul,who experiences excessive worry and anxiety.

Ativan,Valium,and Xanax are types of _______________ drugs. A)antipsychotic B)antidepressant C)antianxiety D)mood stabilizing

A drug that increases the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)is likely to A)reduce feelings of anxiety. B)reduce psychotic episodes. C)reduce feelings of sadness and improve mood. D)stabilize severe fluctuations in mood.

How are atypical antipsychotics different from traditional antipsychotic medications? A)Atypical antipsychotics were developed earlier. B)Atypical antipsychotics work by increasing GABA activity in the brain. C)Atypical antipsychotics only treat negative symptoms. D)Atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia.

In general,typical antipsychotic drugs work by A)inhibiting the reuptake process of serotonin. B)increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain. C)blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. D)inhibiting monoamine oxidase.

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia.After taking the drug for some time,he begins exhibiting repetitive,involuntary jerks and movements of his face,lips,and legs.This is a side-effect known as A)delirium tremens. B)tardive dyskinesia. C)a clozapine overdose. D)off-label toxicity.

A patient is presenting with the classic signs and symptoms of schizophrenia.Which of the following is an atypical antipsychotic that might be prescribed? A)Ativan B)Clozapine C)Lithium D)Zoloft

Suppose a friend asks you about the general effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy.Which of the following would be the most accurate response? A)"Drug treatments are often more effective when combined with psychotherapy." B)"Drug treatments are always more effective than traditional psychotherapy." C)"Drug treatments are typically less effective than traditional psychotherapy." D)"There are almost no empirical studies on the effectiveness of drug therapies."

In the 1950s,Terence had a procedure done to him where the doctor used an instrument to cut the nerve fibers connecting his prefrontal cortex to the rest of the brain.This procedure,called _____________,left him withdrawn and unable to care for himself. A)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) B)deep brain stimulation C)a frontal lobotomy D)transcranial magnetic stimulation

Originally developed by a Portuguese surgeon,the lobotomy procedure was "refined" and popularized in the United States by A)Antonio Moniz. B)Walter Freeman. C)Henry Stack Sullivan. D)Aaron Beck.

Which treatment is LEAST likely to be used today? A)transcranial magnetic stimulation B)frontal lobotomy C)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) D)deep brain stimulation

Which brain region are neurosurgeons most likely to lesion to treat severe cases of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder? A)prefrontal cortex B)hippocampus C)cerebellum D)anterior cingulate cortex

Electroconvulsive (ECT)therapy is used today primarily to alleviate A)obsessive-compulsive disorder. B)generalized anxiety disorder. C)antisocial personality disorder. D)severe depression.

Balthazar's depression is being treated through a procedure in which electrodes are placed on both sides of his head and a brief current is turned on.The current triggers a seizure that lasts about a minute,causing his body to convulse.This treatment is known as A)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). B)deep brain stimulation (DBS). C)electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). D)focal lesions.

One of the side effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is A)short-term amnesia. B)tardive dyskinesia. C)temporary blindness. D)severe depression.

Imani is trying a relatively new treatment for her major depression.When she visits the doctor,he puts a machine against her head that stimulates specific regions in her brain.The treatment is painless and does not cause seizures.Imani is likely receiving A)focal lesion therapy. B)deep brain stimulation. C)electroconvulsive therapy. D)transcranial magnetic stimulation.

______________ requires surgery to implant electrodes into the brain and embed a power supply under the skin. A)Deep brain stimulation B)Electroconvulsive therapy C)A focal lesion D)Transcranial magnetic stimulation