Quiz 6: Waters Unique Properties

Out of all the water present in the Earth systems,is stored in the atmosphere. A)less than 0.03% B)approximately 2% C)a variable amount,but averaging 50% D)15% E)~3% at the equator and ~1% at the poles

The movement of water throughout the atmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphere,and biosphere is known as the A)biogeochemical cycle. B)hydroflux. C)capillary movement. D)hydrologic cycle. E)water flow.

Water molecules bind tightly to one another.This is a result of A)hydrogen gripping. B)covalent bonding. C)atomic friction. D)molecular hold. E)polarity.

Which of the following best describing hydrogen bonding in water? A)The positive hydrogen side of a water molecule attracts the negative oxygen side. B)The positive oxygen side of a water molecule attracts the negative hydrogen side. C)Nuclear fusion occurs between the ends of water molecules. D)Water molecules experience a strong gravitational attraction to one another. E)There is no hydrogen bonding in a water molecule.

The attraction of molecules for molecules of the same kind is called A)covalent bonding. B)adhesion. C)polarity. D)molecular hold. E)cohesion.

The hydrogen bonding in water creates ,a cohesive force that enables one to slightly overfill a glass with water or allows denser objects,such as a lengthwise steel needle,to float on water. A)capillary action B)surface tension C)heat exchange D)friction E)phase change

A steel needle,though denser than water,can float lengthwise on a surface of water.This is possible due to A)specific heat. B)kinetic energy. C)surface tension. D)capillarity. E)meniscus.

The attraction of molecules for molecules of the another kind is called A)covalent bonding. B)adhesion. C)polarity. D)molecular hold. E)cohesion.

Water beads on a nasturtium leaf Water forms beads on a leaf because A)cohesion between the leaf and water molecules is greater than cohesion between water molecules. B)cohesion and adhesion are equal causing water droplets to bunch together on the leaf. C)the leaf contains a thin,waxy layer that repels the water molecules,which then adhere to one another. D)the capillary action of water causes water molecules to form larger droplets. E)cohesion between water molecules is strong than adhesion between the leaf and water molecules.

The upward movement of water against gravity is called A)adhesion. B)surface tension. C)capillary action. D)vacuum suction. E)cohesion.

The process partly responsible for pulling water from plant roots upward through the narrow,porous stem and into the plant body is A)adhesion. B)surface tension. C)capillary action. D)vacuum suction. E)cohesion.

The ability of water to "climb" in a cylinder tube is an example of A)barometric pressure. B)surface tension. C)capillary action. D)vacuum suction. E)adhesion.

is amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water at 15°C by 1 degree Celsius. A)Adhesion B)A calorie C)Cohesion D)Hydrogen bonding E)Capillary action

Which of the following phase changes of water is incorrectly matched? A)deposition - gas to solid B)vaporization - solid to gas C)melting - solid to liquid D)condensation - gas to liquid E)sublimation - solid to gas

Which of the following related to phase changes of water is incorrectly matched? A)sublimation - energy absorbed B)deposition - energy released C)evaporation - energy released D)melting - energy absorbed E)condensation - energy released

Which of the following is an example of deposition? A)water freezing to ice B)ice melting to water C)water vapor condensing into liquid D)water vapor freezing to ice E)ice vaporization to a gas

The process of sublimation would result in A)liquid water. B)water vapor. C)frost. D)ice. E)snow.

The heat energy involved in the change of state,or phase,in water is A)mechanical heat. B)sensible heat. C)fusion heat. D)latent heat. E)kinetic energy.

Below a temperature of 4°C (39°F),water and its density . A)contracts;increases B)contracts;decreases C)expands;increases D)expands;decreases E)remains in its liquid state until 0°C (32°F);is constant

The density of pure ice is A)1.75 times greater than that of water. B)1.43 times greater than that of water. C)0.91 times less than that of water. D)0.45 times less than that of water. E)the same as water.

In winter,freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks.Why does this happen? A)Water expands in volume as it freezes. B)Ice is denser than water. C)Water contracts as it cools and freezes. D)It occurs because of the latent heat of fusion. E)Ice is impure and causes corrosion.

Latent Energy absorbed and released during phase changes of water Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water? A)It requires the addition of 540 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure. B)It requires the loss of 540 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure. C)It requires the addition of 100 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure. D)It requires the loss of 100 cal for each gram under normal sea level pressure. E)No latent energy is released or absorbed.

Which of the following is true regarding the evaporation of water? A)The phase change involves the latent heat of sublimation. B)The phase change involves the latent heat of evaporation. C)The phase change involves the latent heat of deposition. D)The phase change involves the latent heat of condensation. E)The phase change involves the latent heat of respiration.

Latent Energy absorbed and released during phase changes of water The latent heat of melting and the latent heat of freezing involve the absorption or release of Calories per gram of water changing state. A)80 B)100 C)540 D)585 E)0

When water condenses,it heat energy and the surrounding air. A)absorbs;cools B)absorbs heats C)releases;cools D)releases;heats E)absorbs;has no impact on

When water evaporates,it heat energy and the surrounding air. A)absorbs;cools B)absorbs heats C)releases;cools D)releases;heats E)absorbs;has no impact on

The point at which evaporation and condensation are in balance is A)evaporation flux. B)condensation equilibrium. C)net condensation. D)net evaporation. E)saturation equilibrium.

Water vapor in the atmosphere is called A)water. B)deposition. C)sublimation. D)humidity. E)transpiration.

The amount of water vapor that can be present in the air is primarily a function of the A)density. B)volume. C)pressure. D)temperature. E)altitude.

Which of the following is used to measure humidity? A)aneroid barometer B)hair hygrometer C)anemometer D)weather vane E)thermometer

The portion of air pressure exerted by water vapor is the A)vapor pressure. B)absolute humidity. C)psychrometer. D)dew point. E)lifting condensation point.

As temperature increases,the amount of energy available for evaporation A)increases. B)decreases. C)remains constant. D)changes in a random,unpredictable manner. E)Air temperature has no effect on evaporation.

A humidity measure that remains constant as temperature and pressure change,and which is expressed as a mass of water vapor (g)per mass of air (kg),is A)specific humidity. B)vapor pressure. C)relative humidity. D)the dew point. E)absolute humidity.

Saturation specific humidity at various temperatures.Saturation specific humidity is the maximum possible water vapor in a mass of water vapor per unit mass of air (g/kg). As temperature increases,the saturation specific humidity A)increases. B)decreases. C)remains constant. D)changes in a random,unpredictable manner. E)Air temperature has no effect on saturation specific humidity.

Saturation specific humidity at various temperatures.Saturation specific humidity is the maximum possible water vapor in a mass of water vapor per unit mass of air (g/kg). If a kilogram of air at 20°C (68°F)has a specific humidity of 7.5 g/kg,the relative humidity is A)10%. B)25%. C)50%. D)75%. E)100%.

Relative humidity is A)the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the average amount. B)the amount of moisture in the air relative to your one's senses. C)the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the water vapor capacity of the air. D)the amount of water in the air per volume of air. E)a basically unused concept when it comes to weather topics.

Assuming a Northern Hemisphere station,in which of the following months would the relative humidity likely be the highest? A)January B)March C)July D)September E)December

If the amount of water vapor in the air remained constant,but the air temperature increased throughout the day,the relative humidity would A)increase. B)decrease. C)remain constant. D)change in a random,unpredictable manner. E)Air temperature has no effect on relative humidity.

occurs when the relative humidity is 100%. A)Saturation B)Evaporation C)Sublimation D)Deposition E)Transpiration

At saturation,the further addition of water vapor or a decrease in temperature results in A)condensation. B)evaporation. C)freezing. D)sublimation. E)transpiration.

A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the A)highest temperature of the day. B)lowest temperature of the day. C)specific humidity point. D)dew-point temperature. E)average temperature of the day.

When temperatures are below freezing,the temperature at which air becomes saturated leading to the formation of frost is the A)dew point. B)frost point. C)absolute humidity. D)relative humidity. E)lifting condensation point.

Daily relative humidity patterns. On a typical day,the point of highest relative humidity is associated with A)the time of the highest temperature. B)the time of the lowest temperature. C)solar noon. D)dusk. E)sunrise.

Daily relative humidity patterns On a typical day,the point of lowest relative humidity is associated with A)the time of the highest temperature. B)the time of the lowest temperature. C)solar noon. D)dusk. E)sunrise.

Which of the following normally would be true of the humidity above the hot,moist,tropical rain forests of the world? A)The specific humidity would be low. B)The relative humidity would be high. C)The relative humidity would always equal the specific humidity. D)The saturation vapor pressure would be low. E)It is not possible to know with this information alone.

Which of the following would be true of the humidity above the hot,dry,subtropical deserts of the world during the daytime? A)The specific humidity would be low. B)The relative humidity would be high. C)The relative humidity would always equal the specific humidity. D)The saturation vapor pressure would be low. E)It is not possible to know with this information alone.

A pocket of air that has specific temperature and humidity characteristics is termed a(n) A)adiabatic. B)packet. C)front. D)buoy. E)parcel.

The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is A)adiabatic. B)stability. C)conditional instability. D)stasis. E)buoyancy.

An air parcel is considered unstable when it A)either remains as it is,or changes its initial position. B)continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar temperature. C)resists displacement upward. D)ceases to ascend. E)ceases to descend.

The two opposing forces determining the vertical position of a parcel of air are A)buoyant force and gravitational force. B)centrifugal force and Coriolis force. C)Coriolis force and buoyant force. D)gravitational force and pressure gradient force. E)pressure gradient force and buoyant force.

Which of the following is correctly matched? A)normal lapse rate-3.5 C°/1,000 m B)environmental lapse rate-6.4 C°/1000 m C)dry adiabatic rate-10 C°/1000 m D)moist adiabatic lapse rate-15 C°/1000 m E)experimental lapse rate-7.2 C°/1000 m

Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of as it rises or descends,respectively. A)10 C° per 1000 m (5.5 F° per 1000 ft. ) B)6 C° per 1000 m (3.3 F° per 1000 ft. ) C)6.4 C° per 1000 m (3.5 F° per 1000 ft. ) D)20 C° per 1000 m (11.97 F° per 1000 ft. ) E)4.5 C° per 1000 m (2.5 F° per 1000 ft. )

The dry adiabatic rate (DAR)is A)6 C° per 1000 m (3.3 F° per 1000 ft. ). A)the rate used for a saturated parcel of air. B)4.5 C° per 1000 m (2.5 F° per 1000 ft. ). B)a term that refers to the temperature decrease in the still,calm air that surrounds a moving air parcel. E)10 C° per 1000 m (5.5 F° per 1000 ft. ).

The difference between the dry adiabatic rate and the moist adiabatic rate is on account of A)the latent heat of condensation. B)less atmospheric pressure. C)altitudinal temperature differences. D)the specific heat of water. E)buoyance of a parcel of air.

The wet adiabatic rate is than the dry adiabatic rate because . A)greater;condensation heats the air B)greater;condensation cools the air C)less;condensation heats the air D)less;condensation cools the air E)same as;no phase change of water occurs

The point where saturation begins in a rising air parcel is A)the dry adiabatic rate. B)the moist adiabatic rate. C)the lifting condensation level. D)cloud condensation nuclei. E)latent heat of condensation.

If you visited Mount Shasta City (elevation 900 m [3000 ft.])and found the outside air temperature to be 27°C (81°F),what would be the air temperature at the summit of Mount Shasta (elevation 4200 m [14,000 ft.])at that moment-assuming that the temperature conditions with altitude change at an average,or normal,lapse rate? A)2°C (35.6°F) B)48°C (118.4°F) C)5.9°C (42.5°F) D)10°C (39.2°F) E)8.6°C (22.4°F)

Assume a warm air parcel,at sea level,has a temperature of 21°C (70°F)and begins to rise upward.Assume it becomes saturated at 1000 m (3300 ft)altitude,and continues to rise to 2000 m (6600 ft. )altitude.What would the approximate temperature of the parcel be at an elevation of 2000 m (6600 ft. )? A)1°C (44.6°F) B)5°C (46.4°F) C)8.2°C (48.2°F) D)9°C (41.°F) E)8.6°C (22.4°F)

A parcel of air,with less than 100% relative humidity,that is rising because of heat energy derived from the surface is A)stable. B)unstable. C)conditionally unstable. D)moderately stable. E)conditionally stable.

When stable air is forced to lift as it passes over a mountain range,the air may become saturated and condensation may occur.In this case,the air is A)stable. B)unstable. C)conditionally unstable. D)moderately stable. E)conditionally stable.

Stability-three examples.Specific examples of (a)unstable, (b)conditionally unstable,and (c)stable conditions in the lower atmosphere.Note the response to these three conditions in the air parcel on the right side of each diagram. When the environmental lapse rate is between the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates,conditions are described as A)adiabatic. B)stability. C)conditionally unstable. D)unstable. E)conditionally stable.

A cloud is best described as a(n) A)suspended raindrops that have not yet fallen under the force of gravity. B)aggregated condensation nuclei. C)visible aggregation of tiny moisture droplets and ice crystals suspended in the air. D)uniform featureless smoke lighter than the force of gravity. E)semi-ordered condensation nuclei and ice crystals.

The condensation process requires A)dew-point temperatures alone. B)condensation nuclei and saturated air. C)moisture droplets. D)condensation nuclei alone. E)latent heat of sublimation.

Which of the following is true regarding condensation nuclei? A)Maritime air masses generally possess more nuclei per cubic meter than continental air masses. B)Condensation nuclei are rare in urban environments. C)Continental air masses average about a billion nuclei per cubic meter. D)Continental air masses contain more than 10 times the condensation nuclei of maritime air masses. E)The difference in condensation nuclei between maritime and continental locations is not discernible.

Condensation nuclei over the ocean consist primarily of A)pieces of coral. B)minute fragments of sea shells. C)salt particles. D)clay particles. E)soot.

Flat and layered clouds with horizontal development are classed as A)cumuliform. B)cirroform. C)stratiform. D)stratocumuliform. E)nimbocirroform.

Vertically developed puffy and globular clouds are classed as A)cumuliform. B)cirroform. C)stratiform D)stratocumuliform. E)nimbocirroform.

High altitude wispy clouds made of ice crystals are classed as A)cumuliform. B)cirroform. C)stratiform. D)stratocumuliform. E)nimbocirroform.

Which of the following are correctly matched? A)flat or layered clouds - stratocumuliform B)puffy or globular clouds - cirroform C)puffy or globular clouds - cumuliform D)high altitude wispy cloud - stratiform E)wispy clouds - water droplets

Clouds that have vertical development and produce thunderstorms are called A)stratocumulus. B)cumulonimbus. C)nimbostratus. D)cumulus. E)cirrostratus.

Which of the following is a high altitude cloud? A)stratus B)cirrus C)altocumulus D)cumulus E)nimbostratus

Which of the following is a middle-level cloud type? A)cirrostratus B)stratocumulus C)cumulonimbus D)altostratus E)stratus

Which of the following cloud type is associated with rain? A)stratocumulus B)cirrostratus C)cirrus D)cumulonimbus E)lenticular

Which cloud type can indicate an oncoming storm,especially if they thicken and lower in elevation? A)altostratus B)cumulus C)stratocumulus D)cirrus E)lenticular

A stratus cloud that produces precipitation is known as A)cirrostratus. B)stratocumulus. C)nimbostratus. D)altostratus. E)stratus

What type of cloud that has a thin wispy appearance,consists of ice crystals,and often precedes a warm front? A)cirrus B)stratocumulus C)cumulonimbus D)altostratus E)nimbostratus

Which of the following is true regarding cirrostratus clouds? A)They are uniform,featureless,and grey like high fog. B)The Sun's outline is just visible through these clouds. C)They form a veil of ice crystals that creates a halo around the Moon or Sun. D)They are sharply outlined,and billowy. E)They are high altitude clouds with a puffy appearance.

A thunderstorm is associated with clouds. A)cirrostratus B)stratocumulus C)cumulonimbus D)altostratus E)lenticular

Which type of cloud would dominate the weather in a region under the ITCZ? A)cirrus B)altostratus C)cumulonimbus D)cirrocumulus E)altocumulus

The prefix nimbo- and the suffix -nimbus mean A)that clouds are generally forming. B)clouds that occur in the middle altitudes (2000-6000 m). C)that clouds are generally dissipating. D)that the clouds are producing precipitation. E)clouds with strong vertical development.

Cooling of a surface overnight that chills the air layer directly above that surface may form A)an advection fog. B)an upslope fog. C)an evaporation fog. D)sea smoke. E)a radiation fog.

A fog that develops when warm,moist air blows over a cold current (such as the California Current)is an example of fog. A)radiation B)convection C)advection D)evaporation E)upslope

On cool spring mornings,veils of fog can often be seen rising above warm lakes and ponds.This type fog is an example of fog. A)radiation B)convection C)advection D)valley E)evaporation

Sea smoke refers to A)smoke plume caused by undersea volcanoes. B)air pollution over oceans caused by ships. C)fog that moves from a bay inland. D)evaporation fog at sea. E)upslope fog on coasts of mountain islands.

Which of the following is incorrect? A)fog - a stratus cloud that is high in elevation off the ground B)cumulus cloud - vertically developed cloud C)precipitation - rain,sleet,snow,hail D)cloud droplets - condensation nuclei and water E)collision-coalescence - one of two mechanisms for raindrop formation

The primary mechanisms to form precipitation are the A)Findeisen and Wegener processes. B)collision-coalescence and Bergeron processes. C)Bergeron and Wegener processes. D)collision-coalescence process only. E)Bergeron process only.

In warm clouds the _ process is the primary mechanism by which precipitations forms,while in cold clouds the process is the primary mechanism by which precipitation forms. A)collision-coalescence;Bergeron B)Bergeron processes;collision-coalescence C)Wegener;collision-coalescence D)collision-coalescence;Findeisen E)Bergeron;Findeisen

An average raindrop consists of approximately moisture droplets. A)1 million A)20 B)1 trillion B)2000 C)500,000

is the process whereby supercooled water droplets freeze onto ice crystals. A)Collision-coalescence B)Bergering C)Graupeling D)Aggregation E)Riming

The precipitation in form of liquid water droplets that forms by condensation or by melting ice crystals as they pass through a warm layer of the atmosphere is A)rain. B)snow. C)sleet. D)frost. E)hail.

Raindrops that fall through a thick,subfreezing layer of air near the ground form ice pellets known as A)rain. B)snow. C)sleet. D)frost. E)hail.

Ice pellets larger than 0.5 cm (0.20 in)that form within a cumulonimbus cloud are known as A)rain. B)snow. C)sleet. D)frost. E)hail.

Which of the following illustrates how humans are using fog as a resource? A)Electronic freeway signs in California's central valley warn of fog hazards. B)Gliders utilize winds from morning glory clouds for recreational purposes. C)Residents in the Atacama Desert in Chile use nets to intercept advection fog. D)Sand beetles harvest moisture from fog in the Namib Desert. E)Rising global temperatures increase atmospheric water vapor,which can increase fog cover.

List several of water's unique properties.

Describe water's phase changes and the latent energy associated with each.

Define and distinguish between relative humidity and specific humidity.

What is atmospheric stability? What are adiabatic processes and how they are related to atmospheric stability?

Compare and contrast the normal lapse rate,environmental lapse rate,the dry adiabatic rate,and the moist adiabatic rate.

List and describe the cloud classes and their associated cloud types,along with a discussion of the type of weather associated with each.

Describe the formative characteristics of advection fogs,valley fog,evaporation fog,and radiation fog along with their usual locations.

Discuss how humans are affected by atmospheric water vapor and how humans can affect atmospheric water vapor.