Deck 7: Implementing Change

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a set of core values contained in the OD field?

A) Humanistic Values
B) Democratic Values
C) Economic Values
D) Developmental Values

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Underpinned by the ___ image, the sense-making approach maintains that change emerges over time and consists of a series of interpretive activities that help to create in people new meanings about their organizations and about the ways in which they can operate differently in the future.

A) Director
B) Navigator
C) Nurturer
D) Interpreter

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the text, the largest town hall meeting ever was:

A) Former President Clinton's Forum on Social Development
B) Enron's Community Fallout Conference
C) New York City's Meeting on Rebuilding the World Trade Center
D) None of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Lewin, OD is linear in that it:

A) Has a constant ebb and flow
B) Has movement from past to present to future
C) Heavily reliant on mathematics
D) Based on symmetrical change and equilibrium

Question 5

With respect to the evolution of organizational development (OD), developers such as Lewin, Collier and Likert and the development of action research was prominent in the:

A) 1940s/1950s
B) 1950s/1960s
C) 1960s/1970s
D) 1970s/1980s

Question 6

OD theory has been primarily developed in:

A) The United States
B) The European Union
C) South America
D) Japan

Question 7

The first step in action research is:

A) Data gathering
B) Problem diagnosis
C) Problem identification
D) Feedback

Question 8

According to the core values of the OD field, ____ values relate to openness, honesty and integrity.

A) Humanistic Values
B) Democratic Values
C) Economic Values
D) Developmental Values

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a traditional criticism of OD?

A) Internal validity problems
B) External validity problems
C) Too much theory
D) Problems with measuring attitude changes

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of Richard Beckhard's classic OD approach characteristics?

A) It is spontaneous and requires compartmental diagnosis
B) The top of the organization is committed to the change process
C) It is long-term
D) Groups and teams form the key focus for change

Question 11

The ____ image of managing change assumes that change managers receive rather than initiate change.

A) Director
B) Caretaker
C) Navigator
D) Interpreter

Question 12

According to Kurt Lewin's three-stage model of how change occurs, ____ is establishing the need for change.

A) Pouring
B) Unfreezing
C) Changing
D) Re-freezing

Question 13

The introduction of and transition to new techniques and behaviors occur during the ___ phase of action research.

A) Problem identification
B) Joint problem diagnosis
C) Joint action planning
D) Change action

Question 14

According to the core values of the OD field, ____ values relate to social justice, freedom of choice and involvement.

A) Humanistic Values
B) Democratic Values
C) Economic Values
D) Developmental Values

Question 15

According to Cummings and Worley, which of the following is NOT a skill needed by an OD practitioner?

A) Intrapersonal Skills
B) Interpersonal Skills
C) Technical Skills
D) General Consultation Skills

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of appreciative inquiry?

A) Discovering the best of what is currently practiced
B) Designing what "should be"
C) Sustaining the organization's future
D) Communicating to the world

Question 17

Underpinned by the ____ image, the organizational development (OD) approach has dominated the organizational change field for over half of a century.

A) Director
B) Navigator
C) Caretaker
D) Coach

Question 18

Of the six images of managing change, the ____ and ____ images have their foundations in the field of organizational theory.

A) Director; Coach
B) Navigator; Interpreter
C) Caretaker; Nurturer
D) Interpreter; Caretaker

Question 19

According to Fuller, Griffin and Ludema, which of the following is a benefit of appreciative inquiry:

A) It releases an outpouring of new constructive conversations
B) It controls self-sustaining learning capacity outside of the organization
C) It does not create the conditions necessary for self-organizing to flourish
D) It provides a reservoir of strength for negative change

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a part if Kurt Lewin's three-stage model of how change occurs?

A) Pouring
B) Unfreezing
C) Changing
D) Re-freezing

Question 21

A criticism of OD theory is that there is not a comprehensive theory of change to assist researchers in knowing what to look for in what they study.

Question 22

According to the core values of the OD field, ____ values relate to authenticity, growth and self-realization.

A) Humanistic
B) Democratic
C) Economic
D) Developmental

Question 23

According to Weick's common change assumptions of the Interpreter image, the best change sequence in the event of ineffectiveness in the system is:

A) Unfreeze, rebalance, freeze
B) Freeze, rebalance, unfreeze
C) Unfreeze, unbalance, freeze
D) Freeze, unfreeze, balance

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an issue of which Fineman questions whether POS can really live up to its "positive" aims?

A) He questions whether we can really agree on which behaviors are positive
B) He questions whether the positive can really be separated from the negative
C) He suggests that there is an unarticulated dark side to positiveness
D) He suggests that the negative aspects frequently outweigh the positive

Question 25

According to Weick's assumption of inertia, planned, intended change is necessary in order to disrupt the forces that contribute to a lack of change in an organization so long that there is a lag between environmental change and organizational adaptation.

Question 26

Deming created a three-stage model for change, including the process of unfreezing, changing and refreezing.

Question 27

According to Blake, the Managerial/Leadership Grid developed by Blake and Mouton in the 1960s is probably the first, systematic, comprehensive approach to organizational change.

Question 28

According to Cummings and Worley, OD practitioners need ____ skills, which include having a well-developed set of values and personal integrity including the ability to retain their own health in high-stress organizational situations.

A) Intrapersonal
B) Interpersonal
C) Consultation
D) Physical

Question 29

According to the Sense-Making Framework, ____ is the notion that people make sense of their actions retrospectively.

A) Identity construction
B) Extracted cues of sense-making
C) Retrospection
D) Plausibility

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT encompassed in Positive Organizational Scholarship?

A) Appreciative Inquiry
B) Positive Psychology
C) Community Psychology
D) Organizational Sociology

Question 31

Of the six images of managing change, the navigator and interpreter have their foundations in the field of organizational theory.

Question 32

POS approaches seek out instances of "positive deviance", that is, those dynamics leading to exceptional individual and organizational performance such as developing human strength, producing resilience and restoration and fostering vitality.

Question 33

What has been dubbed as a "new movement in organizational science" since emerging in the early 2000s?

A) Appreciative Inquiry
B) Organizational Development
C) Positive Organizational Scholarship
D) Taoist Strategies

Question 34

One of the biggest challenges to the traditional OD field was the criticism that it was ill-suited to handle first-order, incremental organizational change.

Question 35

According to Weick's common change assumptions of the Interpreter image, ____ is the assumption that planned, intended change is necessary in order to disrupt the forces that contribute to a lack of change in an organization so there is a lag between environmental change and organizational adaptation.

A) Assumption of inertia
B) Assumption that a standard change program is needed
C) Assumption of animation
D) Assumption of unfreezing

Question 36

Central to the traditional OD approach is the role of the OD practitioner, who may be either internal or external to the organization.

Question 37

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a major organizational change experienced by Nova Scotia Power between 1982 and 2002?

A) Privatization
B) Downsizing
C) Introduction of a cultural change program
D) Government expropriation

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a technique designed to work with large groups of people simultaneously?

A) Whole-system design
B) Participative design
C) Fast-cycle full participation
D) Spatial participation design

Question 39

According to Bean and Hamilton, after downsizing at Telenor, some staff accepted the corporate alignment frame, while others adopted an alienated frame, feeling marginalized and fearing for their job security.

Question 40

There is no single underlying theory that unifies the field of OD as a whole.