Deck 78: Management of Clients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 1

The nurse explains that currently the drug that is best for treating HIV wasting syndrome is

A) human growth hormone.
B) megestrol acetate.
C) dronabinol.
D) thalidomide.

Answer 1

human growth hormone.

Question 2

A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) whose CD4+ cell count is 100. The nurse should be aware that the most effective way to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in this client is to

A) administer prescribed oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
B) encourage a high fluid intake.
C) place the client in protective isolation.
D) restrict the client's visitors.

Answer 2

administer prescribed oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Question 3

The nurse counsels other co-workers that the suggested treatment for HIV exposure is

A) a single retroviral medication for 2 weeks.
B) combination retroviral medications for 2 weeks.
C) determined by the severity of the exposure and other factors.
D) "watching and waiting" for 12 weeks post-exposure.

Answer 3

determined by the severity of the exposure and other factors.

Question 4

A nurse should plan further evaluation of an HIV-positive client when the client exhibits which early manifestation of toxoplasmosis infection?

A) Cardiac dysrhythmias
B) Discoloration of the mucous membranes
C) Headache
D) Lymphadenopathy

Question 5

A client with an HIV infection is receiving zidovudine (Retrovir). The nurse counsels the client about the major problem with this medication, which is/are

A) cost.
B) long-term administration schedule.
C) noncompliance with its complex regimen.
D) side effects.

Question 6

When the AIDS client refuses pain medication because he or she is not in pain presently, the nurse should explain that

A) refraining from using the medication makes its effectiveness last longer.
B) skipping a dose will decrease diarrhea.
C) taking the medication on schedule keeps the blood level constant.
D) using the drug will increase the appetite.

Question 7

The nurse understands the most significant laboratory study for the client who is HIV positive is the

A) CD4+ cell count.
B) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test.
C) total white blood cell count.
D) Western blot test.

Question 8

When planning a community teaching event, the nurse should recognize that the group in which HIV infection is growing most rapidly is

A) adults older than 50 years.
B) blacks and Hispanics.
C) black teenagers.
D) gay white men.

Question 9

A client with AIDS is experiencing fever with night sweats. A suggestion the nurse could make is to

A) drink all liquids in the morning.
B) keep liquids at the bedside to drink.
C) limit fluid intake after supper.
D) take aspirin if awakened in the night.

Question 10

The problem the nurse should plan for when a client with AIDS is infected with the Cryptosporidium parasite is

A) delirium.
B) painful open lesions.
C) profuse, watery diarrhea.
D) severe respiratory tract infection.

Question 11

When a client with AIDS experiences pain while swallowing, the nurse could suggest

A) avoiding the use of straws while drinking.
B) drinking acidic juices such as orange juice.
C) eating very cold foods.
D) increasing the intake of well-cooked eggs and noodle dishes.

Question 12

The client who has a positive enzyme immunoassay test asks the nurse if that means that he is HIV positive. The nurse's most helpful response would be

A) "No, many people have positive enzyme immunoassays."
B) "No, you need to have the Western blot test to confirm that you are positive."
C) "Yes, but antiretrovirals will probably combat the infection now."
D) "Yes, you should seek medical care for antiretroviral drugs."

Question 13

Which of the following information related to medications should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client who is positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

A) Do not skip a dose. If a dose is missed, double the next dose.
B) Take this medication at any time after eating.
C) Tell the prescriber if you decide to stop treatment.
D) Wait until the next visit before reporting significant side effects.

Question 14

A client with AIDS has the nursing diagnosis Fatigue. To conserve energy, the nurse encourages the client to

A) bathe before eating breakfast.
B) rest after every third major activity.
C) sit down while showering.
D) use easy-to-clean forks and knives.

Question 15

The nurse is counseling an HIV-positive woman who has just given birth to a baby. The nurse should advise the client to

A) anticipate the needs of her child immediately and make arrangements for placement in a setting where her child's life will be comfortable.
B) avoid breast-feeding her infant if she has access to a safe water supply to decrease the chances of vertical transmission.
C) report all of her sexual partners to the infectious disease department in order to break the chain of transmission of the disease.
D) seek professional counseling to deal with the guilt associated with the almost certain passing of the disease to her child.

Question 16

The nurse is assessing a client with AIDS for the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The manifestation the nurse should look for is a

A) crusty lesion on the back and groin.
B) purple-red lesion on the body.
C) pustular lesion with yellow exudate.
D) thick, white exudate in the mouth.

Question 17

A client with AIDS has the nursing diagnosis Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. The nurse should

A) encourage sweet foods and desserts that appeal to the taste.
B) encourage the client to dine alone to focus on food intake.
C) instruct the client to prepare meals, then divide and freeze them.
D) tell the client to eat large meals to result in greater intake.

Question 18

A client is afraid of a recent possible HIV exposure. The nurse should explain that the period of time it takes before HIV antibodies can be detected by laboratory tests is generally

A) 1 to 3 days.
B) 7 to 10 days.
C) 1 to 3 weeks.
D) 4 to 12 weeks.

Question 19

The situation that would be least helpful to manage pain in the AIDS client who is an injecting drug user is

A) carefully rationing narcotic prescriptions.
B) having multiple practitioners prescribing medications.
C) limiting rescue doses of narcotic analgesics on a monthly basis.
D) refusing to fill lost prescriptions.

Question 20

When teaching a client who is HIV positive, the nurse should explain that the virus can be transmitted

A) as soon as manifestations of illness appear.
B) once the diagnosis has been made.
C) only to another susceptible host.
D) to anyone having contact with blood or semen.