Deck 2: Information Management and It Architecture

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the 4 components of IT Architecture described in your text?

A) Application architecture
B) Mobile architecture
C) Telecommunications architecture
D) Computing architecture

Answer 1

A

Question 2

______________________ deals with how information is stored and organized; and the speed at which it is captured, analyzed, and reported.

A) Data structure
B) Visual data
C) Technology management
D) Information management

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Fred Meyer, a chain of retail stores in the Pacific Northwest, has a page on their Web site that pulls address, phone number, store hours, and driving distance information from a variety of sources and plots it onto a digital map created by Bing Microsoft). Consumers can even generate turn by turn instructions for driving to a specific store location. This kind of multi-source, information rich application is called _________________.

A) Cooperative IT integration
B) Data merge or data merger
C) Synching or a data sync
D) A consumer mashup

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Applications that collect and combine data

A) 3D data apps
B) Mashups
C) Data merge or data merger apps
D) Multi-source data apps
E)g. images, audio, video, location data, social data, and so on) from multiple sources, then organize and use them for some new purpose are called _________________.

Question 5

Which of the following was not cited in your text as a primary reason for information inefficiencies - situations where data is not available or being used to create competitive advantages for organizations?

A) Data is trapped in silos
B) Information is lost or bypassed
C) User-fierce formats - apps with poor interfaces or formats that require extra time to figure out or understand
D) Prohibitive cost of high quality data.

Question 6

________________combine data from multiple internal and public sources and publishes the results to enterprise portals, dashboards, or the cloud.

A) Enterprise mashups
B) Complex mashup
C) Information rich mashup
D) Dense mashup

Question 7

Changes in an organization's storage capability, applications and/or databases should be anticipated as part of __________________________.

A) The organization's long-range planning process
B) An audit of the annual budget
C) A review of future technology trends
D) An audit of past technology expenses

Question 8

Stan Marsh is V.P. of sales at Ski Warehouse, a chain of snow sports equipment outlets throughout the rocky mountain and northwest regions of the United States, The company was built over time by purchasing successful independent sporting equipment retailers. Stan now finds it difficult to evaluate some of his store locations because they report their sales figures on a quarterly basis rather than monthly as do the stores in the rest of the company. This is an example of which of the following factors that cause information deficiencies cited in your text?

A) Lost or bypassed data
B) User-fierce interfaces
C) Data silos
D) Non-standardized data

Question 9

___________________ are ISs that do not have the capability to exchange data with other ISs making timely coordination and communication across functions or departments difficult.

A) Data warehouses
B) Data or information) silos
C) Isolated data vaults
D) Traditional information systems

Question 10

IT architectures or enterprise architectures are the terms used to describe ________________.
a. The "blueprints" that guide and govern software add-ons, upgrades, hardware, systems, networks, cloud services and other IT.
b. The working parts of both desktop and mobile computing devices.
c. Potential job titles of IT professionals responsible for determining how to put new technology into older buildings.
d. A new field of study that combines technology and traditional construction or design concepts.

Question 11

A common title for the person in charge of an organization's IT is:

A) IT Project Director
B) Chief Information Officer CIO)
C) Chief Technology Officers CTO)
D) Vice-President of Information Services

Question 12

Most health care organizations are drowning in data, yet cannot get reliable, actionable insights from this data. Information from physician notes, registration forms, discharge summaries, documents and so on often go unused or are difficult for administrators and mangers to access. One of the primary reasons cited in your text for this problem is that _________________.

A) Cutbacks in funding for IT departments have reduced their ability to operate effectively
B) Users lack training and experience with modern software apps
C) The data is "trapped" in silos
D) Security policies that are too stringent

Question 13

Mashups that primarily serve business functions such as supporting performance management and reporting, are called ______________________________.

A) Enterprise mashups
B) Organizational mashups
C) Operational mashups
D) Performance mashups

Question 14

The overall goal of information management is _______________________

A) To reduce costs and maintain high standards of information security by setting strict guidelines for access
B) To design and implement a well-planned out IT architecture, policies, and procedures needed to effectively and efficiently support the information and decision needs of an organization.
C) To insure compliance with government regulations regarding privacy, security and confidentiality.
D) Reduce the size of an organization's workforce and reliance on human employees.

Question 15

There is an old adage that says "If you can't measure it, you can't manage it". Managers who want to measure and track their organization's performance will frequently use ____________ to evaluate their company's progress toward goals.

A) Strategies
B) Standardized data
C) Key Performance Indicators KPIs)
D) Goal tracking analysis GTA)

Question 16

_____________ are metrics that define and measure progress toward organizational goals-and deviations from those goals.

A) Data analytics
B) KPIs - Key performance indicators.
C) Strategic metrics
D) Operational metrics

Question 17

Trillings College invested over $450,000 in a customized learning management system so that professors could put courses online and use the Internet to deliver course content and communications to students. After the first year of use, only 20% of the faculty were using the system. Administrators were frustrated to learn that most faculty found the system difficult to use, they did not understand how to post student grades and assignments to the new platform and that students also had difficulty understanding how to find information on the system. This case is an example of which of the following information deficiency causes cited in your text?

A) Lost or bypassed data
B) User-fierce interfaces
C) Data silos
D) Non-standardized data

Question 18

The "blueprints" that guide and govern software add-ons, upgrades, hardware, systems, networks, cloud services and other IT are known as _________________.

A) IT plans
B) IT architectures
C) IT strategies
D) IT development

Question 19

The most potentially valuable and challenging type of information is _____________-the semi-structured or unstructured content generated by humans from social media, mobile devices, search engines, and sensors as well as texts, images, audio, and video.

A) Human information
B) Multi-media information
C) Cultural information
D) Qualitative information

Question 20

According to a study by Forrester Research, spending on IT is expected to increase in the near future. Which of the following was not cited as one of the strategic benefits organizations hope to achieve through improved information management?

A) Improving decision quality
B) Improves predictions
C) Reduces risk
D) Improved brand awareness

Question 21

A company's application architecture describes _____________________________.

A) How specific applications are designed and how they interact with each other.
B) How an enterprise's data stores are organized and accessed.
C) The hardware and software infrastructure that supports applications and their interactions.
D) The process a business uses to meet its goals.

Question 22

Transactions are typically processed, A) all together for a defined time window

A) Swift processing
B) Rapid processing
C) Real-time processing
D) Instantaneous processing
E)g. end of a day, shift or other time period) or B) processed as each transaction occurs. The second method B) of processing is called:

Question 23

Your textbook differentiates the terms "data", "information" and "knowledge". With regard to a customer satisfaction application for the automobile industry, which of the following is an example of knowledge?

A) The ability to create a program that provides rewards for dealerships with high levels of customer satisfaction and corrective action plans for dealerships that have low levels of satisfaction.
B) The Web-based application that collects and stores records of customer satisfaction surveys and allows dealerships to view their data.
C) Reports that summarize ratings for a specific dealership including a calculation of the average rating across all survey questions and a calculation of summary statistics for groups of questions that correspond to important dimensions such as dealership staff, satisfaction with product, quality of service and so on.
D) Records containing numerical ratings from customer surveys completed online after each visit to a dealership.

Question 24

A company's technical architecture describes _____________________________.

A) The process a business uses to meet its goals.
B) How specific applications are designed and how they interact with each other.
C) How an enterprise's data stores are organized and accessed.
D) The hardware and software infrastructure that supports applications and their interactions.

Question 25

A company's data architecture describes _____________________________.

A) The technical specifications for various types of computing devices.
B) How specific applications are designed and how they interact with each other.
C) How an enterprise's data stores are organized and accessed.
D) The hardware and software infrastructure that supports applications and their interactions.

Question 26

Organizations strive to maintain _______________ by validating data - detecting and eliminating obvious errors and omissions, because the more efficiently and thoroughly an organization gathers, stores, processes, retrieves and uses its data, the more productive it is.

A) Ethical standards
B) High levels of data quality
C) Internal standards
D) Transaction costs

Question 27

Which of the following is one of the 4 components of IT Architecture described in your text?

A) Processing architecture
B) Visualization architecture
C) Technical architecture
D) Computing architecture

Question 28

Your textbook differentiates the terms "data", "information" and "knowledge". With regard to a customer satisfaction application for the automobile industry, which of the following is an example of data?

A) The ability to create a program that provides rewards for dealerships with high levels of customer satisfaction and corrective action plans for dealerships that have low levels of satisfaction.
B) The Web-based application that collects and stores records of customer satisfaction surveys and allows dealerships to view their data.
C) Reports that summarize ratings for a specific dealership including a calculation of the average rating across all survey questions and a calculation of summary statistics for groups of questions that correspond to important dimensions such as dealership staff, satisfaction with product, quality of service and so on.
D) Records containing numerical ratings from customer surveys completed online after each visit to a dealership.

Question 29

Which of the following is one of the 4 components of IT Architecture described in your text?

A) Analytics architecture
B) Data architecture
C) Telecommunications architecture
D) Social technology architecture

Question 30

Which of the following is not a component of the Input-Processing-Output IPO) model of an Information System?

A) Upgrading software and/or hardware according to a strategic plan
B) Storage - saving data and information so that it can be accessed in the future
C) Working with information -changing, calculating, or manipulating
D) Communicating - Sending results, providing feedback

Question 31

Your textbook differentiates the terms "data", "information" and "knowledge". With regard to a customer satisfaction application for the automobile industry, which of the following is an example of a database?

A) The ability to create a program that provides rewards for dealerships with high levels of customer satisfaction and corrective action plans for dealerships that have low levels of satisfaction.
B) The Web-based application that collects and stores records of customer satisfaction surveys and allows dealerships to view their data.
C) Reports that summarize ratings for a specific dealership including a calculation of the average rating across all survey questions and a calculation of summary statistics for groups of questions that correspond to important dimensions such as dealership staff, satisfaction with product, quality of service and so on.
D) Records containing numerical ratings from customer surveys completed online after each visit to a dealership.

Question 32

Which of the following is not cited by your text as a way to measure the success of IT architecture?

A) Profitability and Return on Investment ROI)
B) Technology Lifespan - how long a technology or application lasts before it is replaced by something better
C) Customer satisfaction
D) Employee Turnover

Question 33

A company's business architecture describes _____________________________.

A) How specific applications are designed and how they interact with each other.
B) How an enterprise's data stores are organized and accessed.
C) The hardware and software infrastructure that supports applications and their interactions.
D) The processes a business uses to meet its goals.

Question 34

The collection of computing systems used by an organization is called ______________.

A) IT architecture or Enterprise architecture
B) Information technology IT) or an Information System IS)
C) A network
D) The Internet

Question 35

Which of the following is one of the 4 components of IT Architecture described in your text?

A) Collaborative tool architecture
B) Telecommunications architecture
C) Wireless architecture
D) Business architecture

Question 36

Data from sales orders, payroll, accounting, financial, marketing, purchasing, inventory control, and so forth are processed by a combination of hardware and software called ________________ Processing Systems.

A) Financial FPS)
B) Enterprise EPS)
C) Transaction TPS)
D) Monetary MPS)

Question 37

Transactions are typically processed, A) all together for a defined time window

A) Group processing
B) Periodic processing
C) Cluster processing
D) Batch processing
E)g. end of a day, shift or other time period) or B) processed as each transaction occurs. The first method A) of processing is called:

Question 38

Your textbook differentiates the terms "data", "information" and "knowledge". With regard to a customer satisfaction application for the automobile industry, which of the following is an example of information?

A) The ability to create a program that provides rewards for dealerships with high levels of customer satisfaction and corrective action plans for dealerships that have low levels of satisfaction.
B) The Web-based application that collects and stores records of customer satisfaction surveys and allows dealerships to view their data.
C) Reports that summarize ratings for a specific dealership including a calculation of the average rating across all survey questions and a calculation of summary statistics for groups of questions that correspond to important dimensions such as dealership staff, satisfaction with product, quality of service and so on.
D) Records containing numerical ratings from customer surveys completed online after each visit to a dealership.

Question 39

An) _______________________ is a vision of the future IT architecture that evolves in advance of it being achieved.

A) Potential IT architecture
B) Impending IT architecture
C) Target IT architecture
D) Planned IT architecture

Question 40

A__________________, consisting of short- and long-term strategies, is necessary for managing the change from baseline IT architecture to target IT architecture.

A) Strategic Technology Audit STA)
B) Sequencing plan
C) Roll-out blueprint
D) Computing strategy

Question 41

Which of the following is not considered part of an organization's IT infrastructure?

A) Hardware
B) Software
C) Networks and communication facilities, including the Internet and intranets
D) Equipment Suppliers and Vendors

Question 42

When making decisions about how to acquire any of the components of the IT infrastructure, certain characteristics must be considered. One characteristic is manageability, which means:

A) The component will contribute to the infrastructures ability to meet availability, reliability, and scalability requirements of the company's information systems TPS,MIS, DSS, etc.) and applications.
B) The component will positively contribute to the task of implementing, maintaining, using and supporting the hardware and software that are required to deliver dependable applications.
C) The component will contribute to the ability to scale up the infrastructure when additional application capacity is needed, or conversely, scale down to save money when capacity is not needed.
D) It makes financial sense to invest in the component and that there is a good chance it will provide a positive return on investment.

Question 43

The mass migration of users from PCs to mobile devices has expanded ISs beyond the organization and made ________________ practically irrelevant.

A) Computers
B) People
C) Location
D) Telephones

Question 44

Data in databases are constantly in use or undergoing changes. As a result, it is impossible to use them for complex decision making or problem solving tasks. Which of the following was identified in your text as an appropriate solution to this problem?

A) Set aside specific time windows each day for halting data changes or new inputs to the database so that decision making or problem solving applications can use the data.
B) Conduct decision making or problem solving tasks prior to transferring data to the database.
C) Use the database data anyway since the results are better than not conducting any decision or problem solving analysis at all.
D) Extract, transform and load database data into a data warehouse where it can be formatted for further analysis.

Question 45

When making decisions about how to acquire any of the components of the IT infrastructure, certain characteristics must be considered. One characteristic is adaptability, which means:

A) The component will contribute to the infrastructures ability to meet availability, reliability, and scalability requirements of the company's information systems TPS,MIS, DSS, etc.) and applications.
B) The component will positively contribute to the task of implementing, maintaining, using and supporting the hardware and software that are required to deliver dependable applications.
C) The component will contribute to the ability to scale up the infrastructure when additional application capacity is needed, or conversely, scale down to save money when capacity is not needed.
D) It makes financial sense to invest in the component and that there is a good chance it will provide a positive return on investment.

Question 46

A company's MIS is used to generate different kinds of reports to managers. What kind of reports are unplanned reports and generated on request to learn more about a situation, problem, or opportunity? They are often generated to a screen or printed on an as needed basis

A) Exception reports
B) Ad hoc reports
C) Periodic reports
D) Management reports

Question 47

A company's MIS is used to generate different kinds of reports to managers. What kind of reports are created or run only when something is outside the norm because some unusual event or deviation has occurred?

A) Exception reports
B) Ad hoc reports
C) Periodic reports
D) Management reports

Question 48

When making decisions about how to acquire any of the components of the IT infrastructure, certain characteristics must be considered. One characteristic is dependability, which means:

A) The component will contribute to the infrastructures ability to meet availability, reliability, and scalability requirements of the company's information systems TPS,MIS, DSS, etc.) and applications.
B) The component will positively contribute to the task of implementing, maintaining, using and supporting the hardware and software that are required to deliver dependable applications.
C) The component will contribute to the ability to scale up the infrastructure when additional application capacity is needed, or conversely, scale down to save money when capacity is not needed.
D) It makes financial sense to invest in the component and that there is a good chance it will provide a positive return on investment.

Question 49

A general purpose Information System IS) designed to provide reports to managers for tracking operations, monitoring and control is called an):

A) Monitoring Information System MIS)
B) Management Information System MIS)
C) Multi-function Information System MIS)
D) Marketing Information System MIS)

Question 50

Which of the following was not identified in your text as an important characteristic of a DSS?

A) An easy-to-use interactive interface
B) Customized by company IT professionals to fit the specific needs of the organization
C) Models or formulas that enable sensitivity analysis, what if analysis, goal seeking, and risk analysis
D) Data from multiple sources-internal and external sources plus data added by the decision maker who may have insights relevant to the decision situation.

Question 51

Jackson Stiles is a marketing manager for Rose City Hardware, a privately owned hardware store in Portland, OR. His boss has told him to make sure each product earns at least a 25% profit margin after all costs are accounted for. When new products come into the store, Jackson enters information to his store's DSS about the product, shipping and promotional costs associated with carrying the product. The DSS then calculates a target price based on this information. Jackson is using the DSS to conduct a ________________.

A) Input-Output analysis
B) Factor analysis
C) Goal seeking analysis
D) What-if-analysis

Question 52

According to your text, an Information System IS) is part of an organizational culture that consists of:

A) IS, market demands, technology
B) IS, the company, competitors
C) IS, business processes, people
D) IS, company policies, legal regulations

Question 53

Given the huge number of transactions, the data in databases are constantly in use and/or undergoing change. This characteristic of databases, referred to as ___________, makes it impossible to use them for complex decision making and problem-solving tasks.

A) Instability
B) Variability
C) Insufficient Accuracy
D) Volatility

Question 54

Which of the following is not considered part of an organization's IT infrastructure?

A) Networks and communication facilities, including the Internet and intranets
B) Research analysts
C) Databases and data workers
D) Information management personnel

Question 55

Examples of _____________________ include data storage and computing hardware that are accessed via the Internet instead of being company-owned and on-site in a data center.

A) Transaction Processing Systems
B) DSS
C) Cloud computing
D) Real-time reporting systems

Question 56

Jay Garcia is a marketing manager at Fire Mouth, a new hot sauce manufacturer. He is using his company's DSS to determine the best price for a new brand of hot sauce called "Fires of Hell". He inputs figures about his costs, price and desired profit and then checks to see what the application tells him his sales volume would need to be based on those factors. As he works on the problem, he changes his assumptions about the input factors and notes how those changes impact the predicted sales volume. Jay is conducting an):

A) Input-Output analysis
B) Factor analysis
C) Goal seeking analysis
D) What-if-analysis

Question 57

A company's MIS is used to generate different kinds of reports to managers. What kind of reports are created or run according to a pre-set schedule

A) Exception reports
B) Ad hoc reports
C) Periodic reports
D) Management reports
E)g. daily, weekly, or monthly) and distributed via email or internal company websites called intranets)?

Question 58

Managers use software applications that help them make decisions that would otherwise take a lot of time to figure out. For instance, these tools can help figure out if a customer qualifies for an auto loan or should receive additional credit. Interactive applications that support managerial decision making are called ________________.

A) Data System Support DSS)
B) Demand Structures Support DSS)
C) Decision Situation Structures DSS)
D) Decision Support Systems DSS)

Question 59

According to your text, what is the key factor that differentiates an MIS from a DSS?

A) A DSS contains models that use information to make decisions.
B) A DSS is often Web-based, whereas an MIS is restricted to company computers for security reasons.
C) A DSS consists of software and hardware, whereas an MIS is only software apps.
D) A DSS is only a software app, whereas an MIS consists of hardware and software.

Question 60

The company 1-800-Contacts transformed and disrupted the way people buy contact lenses. Call center managers and sales representatives require real-time information about product availability, sales person performance, customer satisfaction, and so on. To accomplish this, the company IT department created ______________ reporting tools to deliver information to managers and sales reps. quickly.

A) Mobile
B) Statistical
C) Decision Support
D) Dashboard

Question 61

Thanks to the wide availability of computers, mobile devices and ISs, information flowing through companies is almost always available to executives, managers, and workers throughout the organization who no longer have to struggle to find the information they need to make sound decisions or do their jobs.

Question 62

Despite all the information flowing through companies, executives, managers, and workers throughout the organization often struggle to find the information they need to make sound decisions or do their jobs.

Question 63

The most potentially valuable type of information for managers comes from large collections of transaction records which can be analyzed for patterns of financial performance.

Question 64

Computer hardware had been designed to run a single operating system OS) and a single app, leaving most computers vastly underutilized. One solution to optimizing the use of computing resources is use one physical machine and specialized software to create multiple _____________________.

A) Cloud based desktops
B) Simulated desktops
C) Replicated workstations
D) Virtual machines VM)

Question 65

As companies move toward implementing cloud computing solutions on a wide scale, certain strategic questions need to be considered. Which of the following was not a strategic question identified in your text?

A) Which workloads should be exported to the cloud?
B) The impact of cloud computing on the company's market share and brand image.
C) How to resolve issues of privacy and security as things move out to the cloud?
D) How departments or business units will get new IT resources. Should they help themselves, or should IT remain a gatekeeper?

Question 66

The financial benefit of cloud computing solutions is a reduction in IT costs. The greatest strategic advantage of cloud computing solutions is probably they _______________.

A) Increase agility and ability to quickly implement IT for competitive advantage.
B) Are typically easier for employees to use because of superior interfaces.
C) Are more secure than traditional software apps.
D) Typically contain more features and/or functionality than traditional software apps.

Question 67

Despite the growth of social data, images and web documents, modern IT professionals must continue to place primary emphasis on management of structured, high quality data.

Question 68

Companies that outsource projects to the cloud should pay particular attention to the ___________________ which serves as the formal or informal contract or agreement defining the relationships between them and a vendor supplier of cloud services).

A) Service-level agreement SLA)
B) Defined services agreement DSA)
C) Vendor policy terms VPT) statement
D) Purchase contract PC)

Question 69

The software applications that convert a single physical machine into multiple virtual machines is referred to as _______________________.

A) Simulation software
B) The replication module
C) The virtualization layer
D) Virtual software

Question 70

CIOs must ensure data security and compliance with continually evolving regulatory requirements, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPAA).

Question 71

Companies or government agencies that need greater security and data confidentiality set up their own clouds on servers that they own. These are called ________________.

A) Secure clouds
B) Protected clouds
C) Enterprise clouds
D) Private clouds

Question 72

_____________________ is a technique that creates a virtualization layer and multiple virtual machines VM) that run on a single physical machine.

A) Cloud computing
B) Virtualization
C) Multi-tasking
D) Computing optimization

Question 73

Mashups are applications that collect and combine data from multiple public sources and then organize them through a browser-user interface to create a new application.

Question 74

While cloud computing offers many benefits, companies should be aware that moving to cloud based solutions on a wide scale will ________________________________.

A) Require greater numbers of IT professionals to support the strategy.
B) Create greater reliance on outside consultants or contract employees.
C) Require a dramatic increase in training or re-training expenses.
D) Require increased bandwidth and place greater emphasis on maintaining the organization's network or wide area network WAN)

Question 75

Which of the following is not listed in your text as one of the benefits of virtualization?

A) Energy efficient - up to 95% reduction in energy use per server
B) Reduces cost of servers and makes more efficient use of data storage
C) Reduces total cost of ownership - a VM costs 75% less to operate than a physical server over 3 year period
D) Easier to implement and simpler to operate than a physical server

Question 76

Jared Vargas is a sales manager at a large company. He and his employees use a number of cloud based applications such as salesforce.com and Google Apps. The company decided to use these apps instead of purchasing apps that would run from their own computers or servers, reducing the cost and complexity associated with their use. Apps like these are known as:

A) Virtual Enterprise Apps.
B) Enterprise Systems
C) Software as a Service SaaS)
D) Mobile Apps

Question 77

Which of the following was described in your text as a potential disadvantage to using cloud computing services?

A) With cloud computing, it may be more difficult to get to the root of performance problems, like the unplanned outages that sometimes occur with Google's Gmail or Workday's human resources apps.
B) Requires greater numbers of IT professionals to support the strategy.
C) Requires greater reliance on outside consultants or contract employees.
D) Employees might over use applications, leading to higher costs.

Question 78

In an effort to free themselves from the burden of deploying, provisioning and updating software apps, many companies are turning to _______________________.

A) Software solutions manufactured in China or other countries where labor is cheaper.
B) Enterprise cloud computing solutions
C) Software suites
D) Custom software developed internally
E)g. Microsoft Office)

Question 79

When making decisions about how to acquire any of the components of the IT infrastructure, certain characteristics must be considered. One characteristic is affordability, which means:

A) The component will contribute to the infrastructures ability to meet availability, reliability, and scalability requirements of the company's information systems TPS,MIS, DSS, etc.) and applications.
B) The component will positively contribute to the task of implementing, maintaining, using and supporting the hardware and software that are required to deliver dependable applications.
C) The component will contribute to the ability to scale up the infrastructure when additional application capacity is needed, or conversely, scale down to save money when capacity is not needed.
D) It makes financial sense to invest in the component and that there is a good chance it will provide a positive return on investment.

Question 80

Virtualization separates business applications and data from hardware resources. Which of the following was not a type of virtualization described in your text?

A) Storage virtualization is the pooling of physical storage from multiple network storage devices into what appears to be a single storage device that is managed from a central console.
B) Network virtualization combines the available resources in a network by splitting the network load into manageable parts, each of which can be assigned or reassigned) to a particular server on the network.
C) Hardware virtualization is the use of software to emulate hardware or a total computer environment other than the one the software is actually running in.
D) Cloud virtualization combines Software as a Service apps from multiple clouds into a single virtual cloud for a seamless computing experience.