Deck 13: Education and Religion

Question 1

The desire to accumulate capital as a duty and to constantly reinvest it is what Max Weber referred to as the Protestant ethic.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The increase in verbal test scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test from 1996 to 1997 is due to a better prepared student,which has become possible through computer-assisted learning.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Tracking is a form of gatekeeping in which students are sorted by their perceived abilities rather than their achieved abilities.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Ecclesia and state religions are the same thing.

Question 5

As a group,Jews and Jehovah's Witnesses are status consistent in respect to income,education,and occupational prestige.

Question 6

The word church,as used by Durkheim,is synonymous with the concept of a moral community.

Question 7

The cultural transmission of values is a latent function of education.

Question 8

Social integration promotes a student's dedication to a national identity.

Question 9

George Farkas discovered that girls and Asian American students receive higher grades than their academic equals because they know how to signal their teachers they are better students.

Question 10

In state religions,the government and religion work together to try to shape society.

Question 11

In Japan,a philosophy based on cooperation and group effort ensures virtually every student qualifies for admission to college.

Question 12

Conflict theorists see religion as being the means of social change and an instrument to establish a perfect society.

Question 13

Conflict theorists stress that the hidden curriculum in schools perpetuates social inequalities.

Question 14

Statistics accumulated since 1992 show school deaths have progressively increased due to shootings every year.

Question 15

The Rist research demonstrated that social class and not intellectual capability was the basis of how teachers assigned students to reading levels in kindergarten.

Question 16

A central sociological principle is that a nation's education system reflects its culture.

Question 17

A fundamental effort of cults is evangelism,the active recruitment of new members.

Question 18

Karl Marx was an avowed atheist who characterized religion as "the opium of the people."

Question 19

Providing child care and bringing about social integration are examples of the manifest functions of the public school system.

Question 20

Denominations are "brand names" within a major religion.

Question 21

What is the MOST popular way to accomplish gatekeeping?

A)creating a two-tier level of schools
B)charging tuition for students to attend the better schools
C)tracking or sorting students into different education programs
D)opening programs to all students

Question 22

The three functionalists who advocated gatekeeping as a means to support people on the basis of merit and advocated social placement were ________,________,and ________.

A)Robert Merton; Talcott Parsons; Pitirim Sorokin
B)Kingsley Davis; Edwin Sutherland; Herbert Spencer
C)Talcott Parsons; Kingsley Davis; Wilbert Moore
D)Wilbert Moore; Michael Burawoy; John B. Watson

Question 23

Although cooperation is a core value in Japan,Japanese students are admitted to college only on the basis of intense competition. This is an example of a ________.

A)cultural contradiction
B)value conflict
C)status inconsistency
D)role ambiguity

Question 24

Who was the sociologist who observed that industrialized nations are becoming credential societies?

A)Randall Collins
B)Michael Burawoy
C)Robert Merton
D)Pitirim Sorokin

Question 25

What event created the belief that formal education was essential to the well-being of society?

A)the American Revolution
B)the industrialization of society
C)the discovery that the world was round
D)the invention of the steam-powered printing press

Question 26

IQ tests measure not only intelligence but also ________.

A)social integration
B)skills
C)acquired knowledge
D)higher math

Question 27

What is the process by which schools pass a society's core values from one generation to the next?

A)cultural transmission of values
B)social integration of education
C)multiculturalism of society
D)social pluralism of culture

Question 28

What event was responsible for the change in the Russian education system in 1917?

A)World War I
B)the Russian Revolution
C)the emergence of the Stalin regime
D)the establishment of the Communist party

Question 29

From a functionalist perspective,what is the teaching of knowledge and skills that reinforces positive consequences in students?

A)required prerequisites
B)latent functions
C)manifest functions
D)social imperative

Question 30

Schools determining which people will enter what occupation based on their capabilities is referred to as ________.

A)mainstreaming
B)multicultural representation
C)telescoping
D)social placement

Question 31

What do conflict theorists believe is the purpose of the hidden curriculum?

A)It encourages the mainstreaming of students.
B)It promotes individual change.
C)It maintains the power of teachers.
D)It promotes social inequalities.

Question 32

Determining which people will enter what occupation is a function of education referred to as ________.

A)mainstreaming
B)multicultural representation
C)telescoping
D)gatekeeping

Question 33

When employers use diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs,even through the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work,it becomes a ________ society.

A)fiduciary
B)bifurcated
C)credential
D)bureaucratic

Question 34

You are taking an IQ test which will be used to determine your intelligence level. The first question asks you to identify all of the equipment you will need to play the game of shoeball. The second question asks the rules of the game. Finally,the third question asks you to explain how shoeball is scored and the number of points you need to win the game. Based on this question,what does the test demonstrate?

A)It accurately measures intelligence.
B)The test should be called a vocational aptitude test.
C)The test is totally unreliable.
D)It has a cultural bias in measuring intelligence.

Question 35

What social worker suggested the dice question for IQ tests?

A)Adrian Dove
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Michael Burawoy
D)Travis Henry

Question 36

One of the functions performed by schools is to promote a sense of national identity and stabilize the political system. This function is referred to as ________.

A)gatekeeping
B)social integration
C)mainstreaming
D)tracking

Question 37

Edinboro University of Pennsylvania is one of the largest "wheelchair" universities in the United States,providing access of all programs to all students and establishing special wheelchair programs in sports competition. This is an example of ________.

A)mainstreaming
B)acculturation
C)social integration
D)leveling

Question 38

What is a core value reflected by the education system in Japan?

A)individual competition and achievement
B)competence in mastering knowledge
C)a group-centered approach that stresses uniformity
D)memorization and critical thinking

Question 39

How are public schools primarily funded?

A)federal grants
B)state grants
C)state and federal grants
D)local property taxes

Question 40

What is the concept that some jobs require few skills and can be performed by people of less intelligence?

A)multicultural representation
B)personal growth
C)social placement
D)dedicated workers

Question 41

Using exceptionally simple questions on an exam and "dummying down" grading scales so everyone passes are examples of a growing problem in education called ________.

A)mediocrity
B)mainstreaming
C)gatekeeping
D)telescoping

Question 42

According to Ray Rist's research,how long did it take for teachers to determine a child's potential success in school?

A)by the end of the first two weeks of kindergarten
B)the mid-year of kindergarten
C)the end of kindergarten
D)the end of first grade

Question 43

In order to recruit a sufficient number of teachers in California,the competency level of teachers to be hired was lowered to a tenth grade level. Other states have made similar adjustments. How did the author of the text describe this change?

A)He called it "a necessary adjustment in American education."
B)He compared it to the Great Depression.
C)He blamed the universities for not doing a better job preparing teachers.
D)He called it "a national disgrace."

Question 44

In a study of teacher expectations,sociologist George Farkas found that females and Asian Americans averaged higher course grades even though the scores on course work were the same for all students no matter the race/ethnicity or gender. What did Farkas conclude was the reason for this finding?

A)They knew how to signal teachers by being more eager and cooperative.
B)They did more extra credit work than other students.
C)They asked more questions about the work they were doing.
D)They stayed after school and helped the teacher clean the room.

Question 45

Based on the research of sociologist George Farkas,which two groups of students were MOST successful in signaling their teachers they were good students?

A)boys and African Americans
B)boys and Latina girls
C)girls and Asian Americans
D)girls and Latino Americans

Question 46

What do less rigorous teaching,dummied down textbooks,and less reading have in common with watching television,and playing video and computer games?

A)All are related to low math scores on the SAT tests.
B)All are related to low verbal scores on the SAT tests.
C)They all contribute to poor testing on standardized tests.
D)They all contribute to poor academic skills among high school students.

Question 47

In the United States today,nearly half of all college freshmen have an overall high school grade point average of 4.0,twice what it was in 1970. What is the reason for this increase in students with high grades?

A)Students are learning more.
B)Teachers have inflated grades.
C)Students now retain more information than before.
D)Most students can read at a higher grade level.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate based on the results sociologists discovered while researching school violence?

A)There is a trend toward greater school violence.
B)Boys die in school incidents at a rate three times greater than girls.
C)Shootings account for about three-fourths of all school-related deaths.
D)The media is largely responsible for creating a myth there is greater school violence.

Question 49

Based on the research of sociologists James Coleman and Thomas Hoffer,what is the reason Catholic school students score higher on tests than public school students?

A)Catholic schools have higher standards and greater parental involvement.
B)Catholic schools have smaller classes with fewer students.
C)Catholic schools have newer schools.
D)Catholic schools have fewer bureaucratic issues.

Question 50

The MOST significant predictor of whether a student will attend college is his or her ________.

A)test scores
B)motivation
C)family background
D)personality

Question 51

Why can't sociologists empirically study religion?

A)Religion is not a social institution.
B)Religion is a matter of faith that is beyond objective evaluation.
C)Sociologists are not priests,rabbis,ministers,or nuns.
D)Sociologists do not believe in the metaphysical as a valid research topic.

Question 52

When Ray Rist conducted a participant observation study in an African American grade school,what did he conclude was the underlying basis for assigning children to different worktables in kindergarten?

A)students' preference
B)students' personality
C)sex of the student
D)social class

Question 53

Higher grades given for the same work or a general rise in student grades without a corresponding increase in learning is known as __________.

A)grade reward
B)education promotion
C)curriculum enhancement
D)grade inflation

Question 54

Who developed the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy that explains why originally false assumptions become true because the outcome was predicted?

A)Talcott Parsons
B)Edwin Sutherland
C)Robert Merton
D)Donald Cressey

Question 55

A sociologist who studied face-to-face interactions in the classroom between teachers and students would be emphasizing which sociological perspective?

A)symbolic interactionism
B)structural functionalism
C)the conflict perspective
D)the neo-conflict perspective

Question 56

Between 1996 and 1997,the scores of everyone who took the SAT in previous years improved. What was the reason for this improvement?

A)Students during those years had higher levels of intelligence.
B)Students were better prepared.
C)The grading of the tests was more accurate.
D)Tests were rescored after the test was made less difficult.

Question 57

At Harvard University,90 percent of the students graduate with honors. In order to counter this honors inflation,the faculty has recommended limiting the percentage of students graduating with honors in any one class. This is an example of __________.

A)raising standards
B)honor curriculum
C)an equal playing field
D)academic distinction

Question 58

What was the influential book on religion published in 1912 by Emile Durkheim?

A)The Communist Manifesto
B)The Catechism of the Catholic Church
C)The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
D)The Last Temptation of Christ

Question 59

Renee has difficulty reading and writing. However,despite her problems with reading and writing,she has been passed into the next grade every year. This is an example of ________.

A)tracking
B)functional literacy
C)social promotion
D)mainstreaming

Question 60

According to a study of 15,000 students in public and Catholic schools,the superior test performance of students in Catholic schools in comparison to public schools was due to ________.

A)the dedication of the teacher to education
B)the social class of the student
C)higher standards and greater parent involvement
D)one-on-one tutoring

Question 61

What two qualities do IQ tests measure?

Question 62

Why did public education spread and develop a strong support system in the United States following the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?

Question 63

Sociologically,how would a cult be defined?

A)a bizarre group with bizarre rituals
B)a new or different religion at odds with the dominant culture and religion
C)a subdivision of a dominant religion
D)a group of people dedicated to their own needs

Question 64

Identify two latent functions of education.

Question 65

What does the spirit of capitalism refer to,as proposed by Max Weber?

A)It is a doctrine emphasizing conspicuous consumption and individual success.
B)It is a new approach to work and money that emphasizes investment to make profit.
C)It is a doctrine legitimizing the social order and the inequalities that accompany it.
D)It is a way of thinking about the supernatural and its part in religion.

Question 66

Of the following,what would cults and sects be more likely to stress?

A)extemporaneous prayer
B)evangelism
C)catechism
D)enlightenment

Question 67

Why is the United States becoming more and more of a credential society?

Question 68

What are some of the family functions that educational systems have greatly affected and even replaced in American society?

Question 69

What was the purpose of social placement as proposed by Parsons,Davis,and Moore?

Question 70

From a symbolic interactionist perspective,what does wearing a cross signify for Christians?

A)The cross is viewed as protection from evil spirits.
B)It is a condensed way for the wearer to say,"I am a follower of Jesus Christ."
C)The cross is considered appropriate jewelry only for Christians.
D)The cross acts as a badge of courage for fundamentalists.

Question 71

Marx's notion that religion diverts the thoughts of workers to the afterlife rather than toward rebellion against their worldly oppressors is expressed by his statement ________.

A)"If people believe the situation is real,it is real in the consequences."
B)"The sum of the whole is no greater than the sum of the parts."
C)"Religion is ... the opium of the people."
D)"You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink."

Question 72

What did Durkheim call the common elements of everyday life?

A)sanctified
B)profane
C)sacred
D)civil

Question 73

The Reverend Hamilton Barnesworth Jones has established a new religious order he calls "The People's Temple of Love and Divinity." More likely than not,what is the future of Reverend Jones's new order?

A)It will appeal only to the homeless and forgotten of society.
B)It will develop into a major religion.
C)It will transform into a sect within a few years.
D)It will probably fail and fade into obscurity.

Question 74

Next week,Abraham and Hazel will attend the bar mitzvah of their nephew. Their nephew's bar mitzvah is an example of a religious ________.

A)belief
B)superstition
C)formality
D)ritual

Question 75

This theologian proposed that God has predestined some people to go to heaven and others to hell at the time of their birth.

A)John Calvin
B)Martin Luther
C)Thomas Malthus
D)Oral Roberts

Question 76

In the Ray Rist study,what was the basis of selection used by the kindergarten teacher to assign students to their respective reading groups?

Question 77

With 54 million members,which denomination has the highest membership in the United States?

A)Judaism
B)Roman Catholic
C)Presbyterian
D)Baptist

Question 78

What was Weber's term to describe the ideal of a self-denying,highly moral life,accompanied by hard work and frugality?

A)the spirit of capitalism
B)the modernization doctrine
C)the Protestant ethic
D)the predestination theology

Question 79

Someone with an outstanding gift or exceptional quality that draws others to them and their message is said to possess ________.

A)holiness
B)charisma
C)evangelism
D)communion

Question 80

A state religion is referred to as a(n)________ when the government and religion work together to try to shape society.

A)cult
B)sect
C)ecclesia
D)church