Deck 9: Conduct Problems

Question 1

 ____ describes children who display an age-inappropriate recurrent pattern of stubborn, hostile, and defiant behaviors.

A) Oppositional defiant disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Early-onset psychopathy
D) Callous behavior disorder

Answer 1

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 2

 Psychopathic features are marked by ____.

A) a pattern of deceitful, callous, manipulative, and remorseless behavior
B) repeated criminal acts
C) diminished intelligence and inability to distinguish right from wrong
D) excessive anxiety

Answer 2

a pattern of deceitful, callous, manipulative, and remorseless behavior

Question 3

 Children who engage in primarily overt behaviors are typically

A) from families that provide little family support.
B) less social, more anxious, and more suspicious of others.
C) negative, irritable, and resentful in their reactions to hostile situations.
D) sneaky with others.

Answer 3

negative, irritable, and resentful in their reactions to hostile situations.

Question 4

 Which of the following is true regarding antisocial behavior in adolescents?

A) Very few adolescents completely refrain from antisocial behavior, and they tend not to be well adjusted.
B) Antisocial behavior in adolescence is generally not common and is typically associated with poor adjustment.
C) Antisocial behavior tends to increase in adolescence.
D) Antisocial behavior is as common in adolescence as it is in childhood.

Question 5

 In the DSM-5, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorders fall under the larger category of ____.

A) disruptive behavior disorders
B) destructive behavior disorders
C) conduct problems
D) aggressive behavior disorders

Question 6

 The public health perspective of conduct problems attempts to reduce ____ associated with youth violence.

A) injuries and deaths
B) negative media
C) school failure
D) public policy mistakes

Question 7

 Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between ODD and CD?

A) Most children who display ODD go on to develop CD later.
B) There is no relationship between ODD and CD.
C) CD is almost always preceded by ODD.
D) ODD is almost always preceded by CD.

Question 8

 The lifetime prevalence rates for ODD and CD are about ____.

A) 12% and 8%, respectively
B) 20% and 15%, respectively
C) 5% and 10%, respectively
D) 9% and 7%, respectively

Question 9

 Children who engage in covert behaviors only are typically ____.

A) aggressive as well
B) negative, irritable, and resentful in their reactions to stressful situations
C) from families that experience significant conflict
D) less social, more anxious, and more suspicious of others

Question 10

 On tests of cognitive ability, children with conduct disorder typically ____.

A) score in the below average to borderline range
B) display lower performance (nonverbal) scores than verbal scores
C) show no unique patterns of deficits
D) show impairments despite normal intelligence

Question 11

 Behaviors such as fighting, destructiveness, and threatening others are referred to as ____.

A) aggressive behaviors
B) delinquent behaviors
C) rule-breaking behaviors
D) internalizing behaviors

Question 12

 Delinquency, in the legal sense, may result from ____, whereas a mental disorder requires ____.

A) one or two isolated acts, several isolated acts
B) a persistent pattern of antisocial behaviors, one or two isolated acts
C) one or two isolated acts, a persistent pattern of antisocial behaviors
D) related acts, unrelated acts

Question 13

 At which stage would poor peer relationships be a common symptom of disruptive and antisocial behavior?

A) Adulthood
B) Adolescence
C) Elementary school
D) Preschool

Question 14

 Diagnostic criteria for ODD in the DSM-5 related to anger include which of the following?

A) Arguing with authority figures
B) Being touchy or easily annoyed
C) Deliberately annoying others
D) Spiteful or vindictive behavior

Question 15

 Which statement about the stability of antisocial behavior is true?

A) Aggressive behavior is relatively unstable over the course of the lifespan.
B) Aggressive behavior is highly stable for brief periods of the lifespan.
C) Aggressive behavior is not as stable as IQ scores.
D) Aggressive behavior is highly stable over the course of the lifespan, about as stable as IQ scores.

Question 16

 Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for CD that is related to aggression to people and animals?

A) Bullying
B) Shoplifting
C) Physical cruelty
D) Use of a weapon

Question 17

 ____ describes children who display severe aggressive and antisocial acts involving inflicting pain on others or interfering with others' rights

A) Oppositional defiant disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Early-onset psychopathy
D) Callous behavior disorder

Question 18

 Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in antisocial behavior?

A) Boys and girls do not differ in rates of antisocial behavior in childhood.
B) Throughout the lifespan, males display more antisocial behavior than females.
C) Boys are more aggressive than girls in childhood, but this difference decreases or disappears by adolescence.
D) Boys are more aggressive in childhood, but girls are more aggressive in adolescence

Question 19

 Children with adolescent-onset CD are ____ than those with childhood-onset CD.

A) more likely to be girls
B) more likely to display psychopathology
C) more likely to be aggressive
D) less likely to persist in their antisocial behavior as they get older

Question 20

 Violations such as running away, setting fires, skipping school, and using drugs and alcohol are referred to as ____.

A) aggressive behaviors
B) delinquent behaviors
C) internalizing behaviors
D) rule-breaking behaviors

Question 21

 Compared to boys' aggression, girls' aggression tends to involve more ____.

A) confrontation
B) overtly aggressive acts
C) relationally aggressive acts
D) externalizing behaviors

Question 22

 An early symptom of CD in girls is often ____.

A) aggression
B) lying
C) theft
D) sexual misbehaviors

Question 23

 Underachievement in language and reading among children with conduct problems is most likely mediated by ____.

A) truancy
B) poor parenting practices
C) the presence of ADHD
D) comorbid borderline cognitive abilities

Question 24

 In comparison to youth on the life-course-persistent path, those on the adolescent-limited path ____.

A) display more extreme antisocial activity
B) are more likely to drop out of school
C) are often being influenced by situational factors, such as their peers
D) have weaker family ties

Question 25

 Children with comorbid ____ usually escalate to more severe forms of conduct disorder.

A) depression
B) ADHD
C) anxiety
D) mental retardation

Question 26

 Hostile attribution bias is more likely to be displayed in ____________________ children.

A) proactive-aggressive
B) reactive-aggressive
C) dominant-aggressive
D) deviant-aggressive

Question 27

 Deficits in executive functions in children with conduct problems are likely due to ____.

A) poor parenting practices
B) comorbid borderline cognitive abilities
C) the presence of ADHD
D) comorbid learning disorders

Question 28

 The earliest signs of antisocial behavior may be ____.

A) parental overactivity
B) difficult temperament as an infant
C) ODD in toddlerhood
D) rejection by peers in elementary school

Question 29

 The siblings of children referred for conduct problems usually ____.

A) display as much negative behavior as their referred sibling(s)
B) display normative rates of negative behavior
C) display less negative behavior than their referred siblings
D) only engage in negative behavior when the referred sibling is present

Question 30

 A factor that predicts increased delinquency among girls who attend mixed-gender schools is ____.

A) early onset of menarche
B) aggressive behavior
C) anxiety
D) depression

Question 31

 The prevalence of ODD is ____ the prevalence of CD.

A) less than
B) equal to
C) more than
D) less stable from decade to decade than

Question 32

 The lifetime prevalence rate for CD is about ____.

A) 6%
B) 8%
C) 10%
D) 15%

Question 33

 The lifetime prevalence rate for ODD is about ____.

A) 2%
B) 6%
C) 12%
D) 18%

Question 34

 The tendency to attribute negative intent to others, especially when the actual intentions of the other child are unclear, is referred to as ____.

A) trait confluence
B) hostile attribution bias
C) reactive aggression
D) social cognitive deficit

Question 35

 The general relationship between childhood conduct problems and adult outcomes depends in part on ____.

A) gender
B) type and severity of conduct problems
C) cultural background
D) education level

Question 36

 General family disturbances include ____.

A) marital discord and family instability
B) excessive use of harsh discipline
C) lack of supervision
D) oversupervision

Question 37

 Children with conduct problems generally show ____ anxiety than those without conduct problems, and children with a callous-unemotional interpersonal style show ____ anxiety.

A) more; less
B) less; more
C) less; less
D) more; more

Question 38

 Which statement is true regarding the relationship between conduct problems and self-esteem?

A) Low self-esteem is a primary cause of antisocial behavior.
B) There is no relationship between conduct problems and self-esteem.
C) Conduct problems are related to an inflated, unstable, or tentative self-esteem.
D) The relationship between conduct problems and self-esteem only applies to children with callous and unemotional traits.

Question 39

 By their late twenties, ____ former delinquents have desisted from offending.

A) very few
B) about a quarter of
C) about half of
D) most

Question 40

 In comparison to children on the adolescent-limited path to antisocial behavior, those on the life-course-persistent path ____.

A) display less consistency in their behavior across situations
B) are more relationally aggressive
C) are more likely to drop out of school
D) are less likely to use drugs

Question 41

 A child with antisocial behavior has an ____.

A) overactive BAS and an overactive BIS
B) underactive BAS and an underactive BIS
C) underactive BAS and an overactive BIS
D) overactive BAS and an underactive BIS

Question 42

 This treatment identifies the child's cognitive deficiencies and distortions in social situations and provides instruction, practice, and feedback to teach new ways of handling social situations.

A) Family therapy
B) Multisystemic therapy (MST)
C) Problem-solving skills training (PSST)
D) Parent management training (PMT)

Question 43

 Which of the following is a characteristic of parent management training for conduct problems?

A) Intensive and direct intervention of the therapist with the child
B) Teaching contingency management techniques
C) Legal services
D) Substance abuse treatment

Question 44

 Unemployment, low SES, and multiple family transitions are related specifically to ____.

A) early-onset CD
B) late-onset CD
C) criminality
D) ODD

Question 45

 This treatment is an intensive approach that draws on other techniques as well as specialized interventions and referral to substance abuse treatment programs or legal services.

A) Family therapy
B) Multisystemic therapy (MST)
C) Problem-solving skills training (PSST)
D) Parent management training (PMT)

Question 46

 According to the social-selection hypothesis, ____.

A) people change or adapt to the environment in which they live
B) children with conduct disorder choose to be friends with other children with conduct problems
C) people who move into different neighborhoods differ before they arrive, and those who remain differ from those who leave
D) neighborhoods "embrace" those who are similar to the majority of the individuals already living in the neighborhood and actively reject those who are not

Question 47

 Which of the following is a consistent finding for the genetic contribution to antisocial behavior?

A) Genetic contributions to covert behaviors are stronger than those for overt behaviors.
B) Heritability accounts for less than 10% of the variance in antisocial behavior.
C) Genetics is more strongly implicated for the life-course-persistent pattern than for the adolescent-limited pattern of antisocial behavior.
D) Genetic evidence indicates a complete genetic contribution to antisocial behavior.

Question 48

 Mothers of children with conduct disorder often display ____.

A) histrionic personality and depression
B) antisocial personality and depression
C) substance abuse and depression
D) schizophrenia and substance abuse

Question 49

 MST has been found to reduce long-term rates of criminal behavior for periods as long as ___ years.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 50

 This treatment emphasizes changing children's behavior in the home and in other settings using contingency management techniques.

A) Family therapy
B) Multisystemic therapy (MST)
C) Problem-solving skills training (PSST)
D) Parent management training (PMT)

Question 51

 Ineffective parenting has been found to be related to conduct problems in ____.

A) all children
B) all children with conduct disorder
C) children with conduct disorder who also display significant callous-emotional traits
D) children with conduct disorder who also display high anxiety

Question 52

 Fathers of children with conduct disorder often display ____.

A) histrionic personality and depression
B) antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, and criminality

Question 53

 What neurobiological factor has been linked to conduct problems?

A) Paternal smoking
B) Gastrointestinal deficits
C) Exposure to lead
D) Domestic violence

Question 54

 Neurobiological factors (e.g., low arousal and autonomic reactivity) play a more central role for ____.

A) late onset CD
B) early onset CD
C) adult criminality
D) CD accompanied by anxiety

Question 55

 Elizabeth's parents, teachers, and probation officer met to discuss treatment strategies for Elizabeth's aggressive and criminal behavior. What treatment modality is this?

A) Family therapy
B) Community intervention
C) Social skills training
D) Multisystemic treatment

Question 56

 In high-risk neighborhoods, ____ can protect against the development of antisocial behavior.

A) increased police surveillance
B) removing children and placing them in foster homes in low-risk neighborhoods
C) a positive school experience
D) imposing curfews

Question 57

 ____ refers to the concept that the child's behavior is both influenced by and influences the behavior of others.

A) Coercion
B) Attachment
C) Reciprocal influence
D) Influential factor

Question 58

 Risk factors for antisocial behaviors that are associated the most with ineffective parenting include which of the following?

A) Exposure to lead and other toxins
B) Parental antisocial or criminal behavior
C) Poor supervision and monitoring
D) Chaotic household

Question 59

 Joshua is considered to have a low-active MAOA genotype. He is likely to ____.

A) have difficulty concentrating
B) act more aggressively
C) be more sexually active
D) lie frequently

Question 60

 Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive problem-solving skills training (PSST) for conduct problems?

A) Teaching parents contingency management techniques
B) Substance abuse treatment
C) Alteration of the child's attributions regarding other children's motivations
D) Special education classes

Question 61

 Crossing the covert-overt and destructive-nondestructive dimensions of conduct problems yields four quadrants of antisocial behavior. Describe behaviors in each of these quadrants.

Question 62

 Explain what the behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems are, and describe the role they play in conduct problems.

Question 63

 Create a scenario between a mother and child that illustrates Patterson's coercion theory.

Question 64

 Distinguish between life-course-persistent and adolescent-limited pathways to antisocial behavior.

Question 65

 Define conduct problems from the legal, psychological, psychiatric, and public health perspectives.

Question 66

 What are some of the findings regarding genetic influences on the development of antisocial behavior?

Question 67

 Crick and Dodge (1994) and Dodge and Pettit (2003) have presented a social-cognitive model to account for the behavior of socially aggressive boys. As outlined by their model, discuss the steps in the thinking and behavior of aggressive children in social situations.

Question 68

 Explain the general progression of CD.

Question 69

 What role do neighborhoods and schools play in antisocial behavior?

Question 70

 What lines of reasoning suggest that ADHD and CD are separate disorders?

Question 71

 What role do cognitive deficits and/or distortions play in conduct problems?

Question 72

 How does the media influence aggression in children?

Question 73

 Compare and contrast the focus of treatment methods for parent management training (PMT), problem-solving skills training (PSST), multisystemic therapy (MST), and preventive interventions. Discuss some of the limitations of PMT programs in treating conduct problems.

Question 74

 Compare and contrast the life-course-persistent (LCP) path with the adolescent-limited (AL) path, emphasizing causes, behaviors, and severity.

Question 75

 Distinguish between childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset conduct disorder.