Deck 7: Behavioral Views of Learning

Question 1

Bryson was three when his neighbor's house burned down.He heard the loud sirens and saw the fire and trembled with fear.Now he's starting preschool.He hears the loud bell ring and associates it with the fire and fire trucks and begins to tremble.In this setting,the sound of the bell is:

A)a neutral response.
B)a neutral stimulus.
C)an unconditioned response.
D)a conditioned stimulus.

Answer 1

a conditioned stimulus.

Question 2

Ms.Cardot wants her students to enjoy math.In order to help students associate math with pleasant thoughts,she introduces new manipulatives at the math center each week to help students solve math problems.Often the manipulatives involve edible snacks.Ms.Cardot's approach is an example of:

A)operant conditioning.
B)unconditioned response.
C)classical conditioning.
D)neutral response.

Answer 2

classical conditioning.

Question 3

Learning causes change.Which of the following examples of change illustrates learning?

A)A child came down with the measles yesterday and her appearance is changing.
B)A boy experiments with drugs and his behavior changes;he becomes moody.
C)A girl's shoe size changes as she gets bigger and her feet grow longer.
D)A child burned his hand on the iron last week and now stays away from the iron.

Answer 3

A child burned his hand on the iron last week and now stays away from the iron.

Question 4

Samantha habitually blurted out answers to questions during class discussion.Mr.Hargrove repeatedly called Samantha by name and told her to wait her turn,but Samantha repeated her behavior day after day.Mr.Hargrove finally realized that his strategy was not working.He thought he was using a form of punishment,but his strategy turned out to be:

A)negative reinforcement of the behavior.
B)positive reinforcement of the behavior.
C)the antecedent for the behavior.
D)the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 5

In her fifth grade classroom,Ms.Latimer has several students who don't cooperate when she tells the class to get into group formation.These students are vocal about disliking group work.Ms.Latimer told them today that they may shorten their group task time by getting into groups quickly and completing cooperative tasks according to the ten-minute schedule she has planned.Ms.Latimer is using which of the following methods to get her students to cooperate?

A)Negative reinforcement
B)Reprimands
C)Response cost
D)Social isolation

Question 6

Punishment is often ineffective.Based on studies about the use of punishment,why is it typically ineffective?

A)It fails to apply operant conditioning.
B)It fails to use reinforcement to discourage the behavior.
C)It fails to teach children what they did wrong and what they should stop doing.
D)It fails to teach children what to do in place of the behavior being punished.

Question 7

When Mr.Conrad's high school students asked him to allow them to get into their groups and talk about the upcoming field trip rather than discussing the chapter,Mr.Conrad said,"I'm going to invoke the Premack principle." What did he most likely do?

A)Tell students to promise to do a good job of discussing the chapter if he allowed them to talk about the field trip first.
B)Tell students to discuss the field trip in groups and agree to do the chapter questions for homework.
C)Tell students to stop asking for class time to talk about the field trip if they still want to go on the field trip.
D)Tell students they must discuss the chapter first and then get into groups to talk about the field trip.

Question 8

Luana is learning to stay in her seat and work on her language arts tasks without talking to friends around her.She has been working on this new behavior for a week.During the first week,Ms.Kalani reinforces Luana every time Luana completes one of the tasks without talking.Now Ms.Kalani wants to use the reinforcement schedule that is most likely to result in the greatest persistence from Luana.What reinforcement schedule will be most effective in meeting her goal?

A)Fixed-ratio schedule
B)Continuous schedule
C)Variable-ratio schedule
D)Fixed-interval schedule

Question 9

Ms.Castello has tried several configurations for students to practice the Spanish conversations they memorize in the book.Students seem to enjoy the task most when they work in pairs around the classroom and dread the task when they are required to perform in front of the class.How might she use this information to provide negative reinforcement?

A)Reward students by allowing them to work in pairs if they complete written assignments in a timely manner.
B)Punish students when they fail to participate in the whole class activity by taking away the privilege of working in pairs.
C)Remove the requirement to perform in front of the class if students focus and perform well in pairs.
D)Assure students that they will be allowed to work in pairs after they perform in front of the class.

Question 10

Michael often gets out of his seat in the classroom.His buddy has noticed a pattern.Any time the teacher leaves the room,Michael gets out of his seat.When the teacher returns,she reprimands Michael.What is the antecedent of Michael's behavior?

A)The teacher leaves the room.
B)Michael gets out of his seat.
C)Michael's buddy observes Michael's behavior.
D)The teacher reprimands Michael.

Question 11

Russ broke the rule about using outdoor equipment outdoors only.He threw the baseball and put a dent in the trashcan.Now he is giving up his baseball privileges for two weeks as a result of his infraction.What method of punishment is being used?

A)Social isolation
B)Response cost
C)Negative reinforcement
D)Premack principle

Question 12

Mrs.Delaney wants her students to learn to start their seat assignment and stop talking when the second morning bell rings.By pairing this stimulus-response sequence,Mrs.Delaney is applying which of the following principles of learning?

A)Contiguity
B)Observational learning
C)Theory of mind
D)Operant conditioning

Question 13

Praise is more effective if used appropriately.Based on guidelines for giving praise,which teacher seems to understand and use praise appropriately?

A)You are a good boy.You did a much better job in class today,Felipe.
B)I see that you did better than the others in your group today.Good work,Amanda.
C)I am glad to see that you used the correct heading on your paper and turned in a very neat paper today,Carson.
D)Everyone should be watching LeVonne and doing exactly what she is doing.She is modeling the correct way to start the day.

Question 14

Estefan has problems with penmanship.His fine motor skills are not well developed and Mrs.Finch believes that he will never perform well enough to gain reinforcement.Mrs.Finch breaks the task of forming letters with long stems into small steps.First,she expects Estefan to make straight stems.She will reinforce his efforts when he makes straight stems on his writing assignment.In this case,she is using:

A)cueing.
B)the Premack principle.
C)shaping.
D)cueing and prompting.

Question 15

Which of the following teachers is using cueing and prompting?

A)"We are having a quiz,and I expect everyone to have read the chapter and prepared sufficiently."
B)"First,remember to put your heading on your paper.Here's the reminder of the proper paper heading on the board."
C)"Many of you heard my instructions and got ready for lunch.We are still waiting for about four students to respond."
D)"What part of the task are you going to do first? I hope you remember the steps in the process."

Question 16

In the teachers' workroom,Mrs.White boasted that she squelched Martin's name-calling by making a video of him in the act of name-calling and sending it to his parents.Mrs.White's method is an example of:

A)negative reinforcement.
B)removal punishment.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)presentation punishment.

Question 17

Cristal rushes through her spelling assignments and her seatwork.She likes to finish first and read,but she makes careless mistakes and turns in incomplete work.Her teacher has tried several strategies that have not worked with Cristal.Now she plans to use applied behavior analysis.She tells Cristal that the goal is for her to complete the seatwork with fewer than three errors and no incompletions.She tells Cristal she will give her a token each time she meets the goal.If she achieves five tokens in a week,she will choose a reward from the surprise basket.Now what does the teacher need to do?

A)Change the goal every time Cristal earns a token.
B)Alter the intervention every week to keep Cristal interested.
C)Keep a record of Cristal's results and modify the plan if necessary.
D)Offer the same intervention and incentives to all children in the class.

Question 18

Lily does not like conflict.When her parents argue and raise their voices,Lily feels frightened.She has seen her dad strike her mom after yelling at her.At school,Mr.Nash raises his voice and Lily begins to tremble.Lily's trembling is:

A)a conditioned stimulus.
B)a neutral response.
C)a conditioned response.
D)an unconditioned response.

Question 19

Haley confuses the words there,they're,and their in her writing.As Mr.Morrow monitors students during writing assignments,he often catches Haley's incorrect use of these words.If he wants to implement a system of positive practice,what will he do?

A)Mr.Morrow will ask the rest of the class to tell Haley which spelling she needs to use in her sentence.
B)Mr.Morrow will expect Haley to rework the lesson about the spellings of these homonyms.
C)As soon as Mr.Morrow notices the mistake on Haley's paper,he will return the paper and ask her to redo the task.
D)As soon as Mr.Morrow sees the mistake,he will tell Haley to use the correct spelling orally and then immediately change her paper to write it correctly.

Question 20

In his research,Dr.Benton examines change in children's performance of skills with and without teacher support.His research seems to be based on:

A)cognitive learning theories.
B)behavioral learning theories.
C)contingency theory.
D)theory of mind.

Question 21

Skye got into a habit of watching TV and using social media to keep up with all of her friends before starting homework.She was embarrassed when she turned in an incomplete history paper and fell asleep during science class last week.She set a goal of doing her homework as soon as she gets home from school every day.What system is most likely to help her change her behavior?

A)Behavior modification
B)Functional behavioral assessment
C)Positive behavior supports
D)Self-management

Question 22

Mr.LeDoux is gathering information about the perpetual misbehavior of Reid in French class.He recorded the antecedent of the behavior in several instances and the consequences following the behavior.He is trying to understand why Reid repeats the negative behavior.What process is Mr.LeDoux using?

A)Positive behavior supports
B)Self-management
C)Functional behavioral assessment
D)Task analysis

Question 23

Which teacher seems to understand the ethics involved in using behavioral methods?

A)"You will receive a reward for finishing your work on time.I hope everyone gets the reward at the end of the day."
B)"This is an infraction of the rules.You will be punished every time you break a rule."
C)"You need to sit still and raise your hands to be recognized.Stop blurting out spontaneous responses."
D)"Stay in your seat until you finish this task and meet your goal.It will help you focus on the material and learn."

Question 24

Jerrod is a fifth grade boy who loves to make people laugh.He invokes laughter in the classroom by making a small sound,a facial expression,a witty comment,or a vivid metaphor.
Based on what you know about operant conditioning,explain how the following consequences likely influence Jerrod's behavior.
First consequence: Everyone laughs at Jerrod's behavior.
Second consequence: Everyone ignores Jerrod's behavior.

Question 25

Ms.Karnes teaches eighth grade social studies.She knows her students well,knows their likes and dislikes,and knows their capabilities.Her students like to get her off on a tangent during a lesson,and they enjoy every opportunity to work together and talk.Ms.Karnes assigned a big project that involves group work and independent work.How might she use the Premack principle to encourage her eighth grade students to focus and complete their task efficiently?

Question 26

Mrs.Blue wants to help her young daycare children calm down after lunch recess and rest for thirty minutes.These children are between the ages of 3 and 4.They eat lunch,play outside for a short time,and then come indoors for a rest period.
Explain how Mrs.Blue might use contiguous pairing of a song and the room's lighting to develop a conditioned response from these young children in order to create a calm,quiet environment for their afternoon rest period.
Explain how classical conditioning is involved.

Question 27

Jailyn has dyslexia and withdraws from her group when the task involves oral reading.When her teacher realizes the function of this behavior,she tells Jailyn to ask one of the other students to read in her place.This intervention allows Jailyn to skip the oral reading without withdrawing from her group.This type of intervention is called:

A)positive behavior support.
B)self-management.
C)functional behavioral assessment.
D)positive practice.