Deck 2: Chemical Basis for Life

Question 1

In a mixture the component that is present in the greatest amount is the

A) solute.
B) solution.
C) solvent.
D) suspension.

Answer 1

solvent.

Question 2

A monosaccharide contains which three atoms?

A) calcium, hydrogen, oxygen
B) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
C) hydrogen, carbon, phosphorous
D) phosphorous, calcium, carbon

Answer 2

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

Question 3

Special proteins in living organisms that speed up a chemical reaction but are not destroyed or used up are called

A) albumins.
B) catalysts.
C) enzymes.
D) hormones.

Answer 3

catalysts.

Question 4

Water and fats don't mix well because fats are

A) hydrocolloidal.
B) hydrophilic.
C) hydrophobic.
D) hydrostatic.

Question 5

An ion with a positive charge is a/an

A) anion.
B) cation.
C) electron.
D) proton.

Question 6

A covalent bond is formed between two molecules when they share

A) atoms.
B) electrons.
C) neutrons.
D) protons.

Question 7

When two monosaccharides join together they form a

A) disaccharide.
B) hexose sugar.
C) pentose sugar.
D) polysaccharide.

Question 8

Glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is a

A) disaccharide.
B) monosaccharide.
C) oligosaccharide.
D) polysaccharide.

Question 9

To buffer a solution means to

A) change the pH from acidic to basic.
B) change the pH from basic to acidic.
C) keep the solution in a 0 (zero) pH range.
D) keep the solution in a neutral pH range.

Question 10

A/An __ is formed when an atom gains or loses an electron.

A) ion
B) isotope
C) molecule
D) neutron

Question 11

An example of an organic compound is

A) ammonia.
B) carbohydrate.
C) sodium chloride.
D) water.

Question 12

The most abundant organic molecules in the body are

A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) proteins.
D) water.

Question 13

A substance that ionizes when added to water and releases a hydroxyl ion (OH ^-) is a/an

A) acid.
B) base.
C) electrolyte.
D) solute.

Question 14

The smallest unit of a compound that retains the properties of that compound is a/an

A) atom.
B) ion.
C) isotope.
D) molecule.

Question 15

The smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of the element is a/an

A) atom.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) proton.

Question 16

Sol-gel transformation is an ability of __ to transform from a fluid to a solid and back again.

A) atoms
B) colloids
C) solutions
D) suspensions

Question 17

Which four elements make up 96% of the matter found in all living organisms?

A) calcium, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
B) carbon, oxygen, calcium, nitrogen
C) hydrogen, carbon, sodium, chloride
D) hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

Question 18

Electrolytes are __

A) anabolic compounds.
B) catalysts.
C) ionized salts.
D) organic compounds.

Question 19

Of the pH values below, which is considered "neutral" pH?

A) 5.4
B) 7
C) 7.4
D) 9

Question 20

Water is the universal

A) solute.
B) solution.
C) solvent.
D) suspension.

Question 21

Which group of lipids has a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end that causes them to line up in two layers when placed in water?

A) eicosanoids
B) neutral fats
C) phospholipids
D) steroids

Question 22

A polypeptide can be made up of a chain of as many as __ amino acids.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 250
D) 66

Question 23

All proteins contain

A) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
B) hydrogen, iron, phosphorous, and carbon.
C) iron, carbon, sulphur, and hydrogen.
D) oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulphur.

Question 24

Which group of lipids is characterized by a lipid bilayer?

A) eicosanoids
B) neutral fats
C) phospholipids
D) steroids

Question 25

Cholesterol is classified as what type of lipid?

A) eicosanoid
B) neutral fat
C) phospholipid
D) steroid

Question 26

Triglycerides are

A) eicosanoids.
B) neutral fats.
C) phospholipids.
D) steroids.

Question 27

Substances that are catalyzed by enzymes are

A) antibodies.
B) hormones.
C) solutes.
D) substrates.

Question 28

Hair is an example of a __ protein.

A) catalytic
B) functional
C) globular
D) structural

Question 29

Denatured proteins become

A) a beta-pleated sheet of amino acids.
B) a group of individual amino acids.
C) a straight chain of amino acids.
D) an alpha helix of amino acids.

Question 30

A saturated fatty acid is defined as

A) a chain of carbon atoms with one or two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom by a single bond.
B) a chain of carbon atoms with one or two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom by double or single bonds.
C) a chain of hydrogen atoms with one or two carbon atoms attached to each hydrogen atom by a single bond.
D) a chain of hydrogen atoms with one or two carbon atoms attached to each hydrogen atom by single or double bonds.

Question 31

How many nucleotides are needed to create a code for an amino acid?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 32

Which group of lipids contains prostaglandins that help mediate an inflammatory reaction?

A) eicosanoids
B) neutral fats
C) phospholipids
D) steroids

Question 33

Which group of lipids is made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids?

A) eicosanoids
B) neutral fats
C) phospholipids
D) steroids

Question 34

Which three nucleotides do both DNA and RNA have in common?

A) adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)
B) adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C)
C) guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U)
D) guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)

Question 35

The double helix configuration is characteristic of

A) chromosomes.
B) DNA.
C) genes.
D) RNA.

Question 36

A sequence of nucleotides that carries information to make one peptide chain is a/an

A) amino acid.
B) chromosome.
C) gene.
D) ribosome.

Question 37

The energy source for cells of the body to function properly is stored in and released by

A) ADA.
B) ALT.
C) AST.
D) ATP.