Deck 20: The Representative Elements

Question 1

Within a group,as the atomic numbers of the elements increase,the

A)ionization energies decrease
B)atomic masses decrease
C)elements become less metallic
D)atomic radii decrease
E)metallic character decreases

Answer 1

ionization energies decrease

Question 2

Which of the following oxides is amphoteric?

A)BeO
B)MgO
C)CaO
D)SrO
E)BaO

Answer 2

BeO

Question 3

Choose the metal with the largest first ionization energy.

A)Na
B)Mg
C)Al
D)K
E)Ca

Answer 3

Al

Question 4

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A)carbon
B)oxygen
C)hydrogen
D)copper
E)silicon

Question 5

Which oxide of a Group 2A element is amphoteric?

A)Be
B)Mg
C)Ca
D)Sr
E)Ba

Question 6

What are the most abundant metals in the earth's crust,oceans,and atmosphere?

A)titanium and silicon
B)aluminum and iron
C)manganese and nickel
D)tin and lead
E)iron and lead

Question 7

Which oxide of a Group 2A element is not highly ionic?

A)Be
B)Mg
C)Ca
D)Sr
E)Ba

Question 8

Which element of Group 3A behaves as a nonmetal or semimetal?

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)In
E)B and Al

Question 9

In a given period this group has the element with the largest atomic radius.

A)Group 1A
B)Group 2A
C)Group 3A
D)Group 4A
E)Group 5A

Question 10

Hydrogen and lithium react very differently,although they are both members of Group 1.What is the primary reason for this difference?

A)The metallic character increases going down a group.
B)The ionization energy increases going down a group.
C)Electron affinity increases going down a group.
D)Electronegativity increases going down a group.
E)There is a very large difference in the atomic radii of H and Li.

Question 11

Which group shows the correct order of first ionization energy?

A)Na > P > Cl
B)Cs > Na > K
C)K > Ca > Ge
D)Cs < Rb < Na
E)Al > Si > P

Question 12

What is the most abundant element found in the human body?

A)carbon
B)hydrogen
C)calcium
D)oxygen
E)water

Question 13

Choose the element with the largest atomic radius.

A)Li
B)B
C)N
D)O
E)Ne

Question 14

What reason is given for the stability of C-C,N-N,and O-O bonds,compared to the instability of Si-Si,P-P,and S-S bonds?

A)Their metallic character varies greatly.
B)Large differences in their ionization energies.
C)Large differences in their electronegativities.
D)Large differences in their abilities to form strong pi bonds.
E)None of these.

Question 15

True or false: Hydrogen is a nonmetal while lithium is an active metal,even though they are in the same group.

A)True.Such differences are common for elements in the same group.
B)False.Because the elements are in the same group,they have similar metallic qualities.
C)True.This can be explained because of the very large difference in atomic radii between hydrogen and lithium.
D)False.Both hydrogen and lithium are nonmetals
E)None of these.

Question 16

All of the following are semimetals except

A)At
B)Ge
C)Al
D)Sb
E)Si

Question 17

Choose the element obtained from liquification of air.

A)N
B)P
C)As
D)Sb
E)Bi

Question 18

Choose the element with the smallest atomic radius.

A)Li
B)Na
C)K
D)Rb
E)Cs

Question 19

Which of the following exhibits the greatest metallic character?

A)Cs
B)Rb
C)K
D)Na
E)All are equally metallic.

Question 20

Choose the metal with the smallest radius.

A)Ca
B)Na
C)K
D)Mg
E)Al

Question 21

Ionic hydrides are formed with hydrogen combined with elements from

A)group 1A
B)group 2A
C)group 3A
D)all of the above
E)two of the above

Question 22

__________ are formed when hydrogen combines with other nonmetals.

A)Covalent hydrides
B)Nonmetallic hydrides
C)Active hydrides
D)Interstitial hydrides
E)Ionic hydrides

Question 23

__________ are formed when transition metal crystals are treated with hydrogen gas.

A)Covalent hydrides
B)Metallic hydrides
C)Active hydrides
D)Saltlike hydrides
E)Ionic hydrides

Question 24

Choose the element with the highest melting point.

A)Li
B)Na
C)K
D)Rb
E)Cs

Question 25

Choose the element whose ion has the largest concentration inside a human cell.

A)Li
B)Na
C)K
D)Rb
E)Cs

Question 26

Ionic hydrides are formed when hydrogen combines with elements from:
I.Group 1A
II.Group 2A
IIIGroup 3A

A)I,II,and III
B)I and II
C)I and III
D)II and III
E)none of these

Question 27

Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent.

A)Li
B)Na
C)K
D)Rb
E)Cs

Question 28

Choose the metal with the lowest melting point.

A)Li
B)Na
C)K
D)Rb
E)Cs

Question 29

Which of the following is the second most abundant (by mass)element in the earth's crust,oceans,and atmosphere?

A)hydrogen
B)oxygen
C)carbon
D)aluminum
E)silicon

Question 30

Because Li is the strongest reducing agent of the alkali metals,it reacts most quickly with water of the alkali metals.

Question 31

Which statements about hydrogen are true?
I.H has a lower ionization energy than He.
II.H- is smaller than H.
III.H bonds with the halogens to form polar covalent compounds.
IV.H is always a metal.
V.H does not have a second ionization energy.

A)I,V
B)II,IV
C)I,III,V
D)II,IV,V
E)I,III,IV,V

Question 32

Which of the following is the best explanation as to why lithium is the strongest reducing agent of the alkali metals?

A)The ionization energy of lithium is the highest of the alkali metals.
B)The ionization energy of lithium is the lowest of the alkali metals.
C)The standard reduction potential of lithium is the most positive of the alkali metals.
D)The relatively high charge density of lithium compared to the other alkali metals.
E)None of these.

Question 33

What ions are very important for the proper functioning of biologic systems,such as nerves and muscles?

A)alkaline earth metal ions
B)alkali metal ions
C)oxygen ions
D)hydrogen ions
E)nitrogen ions

Question 34

Salts can consist of hydrogen.

Question 35

Which group contains the most active metals?

A)Group 1A
B)Group 3A
C)Group 2A
D)Group 4A
E)Group 7A

Question 36

The strongest reducing agent in the alkali metals is:

A)K
B)Na
C)Cs
D)Fr
E)Li

Question 37

The compound SiO₂ does not exist as a discrete molecule while CO₂ does.This can be explained because:

A)The Si-O bond is unstable.
B)The Lewis structure of SiO₂ has an even number of electrons.
C)The SiO₂ is a solid while CO₂ is a gas.
D)The 3p orbital of the Si has little overlap with the 2p of the O.
E)None of these.

Question 38

Both CO₂ and SiO₂ appear to have valid Lewis structures.Using the molecular orbital model,why then are CO₂ molecules stable and SiO₂ molecules not stable?

A)CO₂ is able to form sigma bonds and SiO₂ is not.
B)The silicon 3p valence orbitals do not overlap very effectively with the smaller oxygen 2p orbitals.
C)The carbon atom is larger than the silicon atom,giving carbon a higher electron density and thus better pi bonding.
D)Silicon prefers to bond to other silicon atoms over oxygen atoms.
E)At least two of the above are correct.

Question 39

The elements in this group are termed alkali metals.

A)Group 1A
B)Group 2A
C)Group 3A
D)Group 4A
E)Group 5A

Question 40

The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is the reaction of methane and water at high temperatures (800 - 1000°C)and high pressures (10 - 15 atm)with nickel as a catalyst. CH₄(g)+ H₂O(g) CO₂(g)+ 3H₂(g)
If 171.5 g of CH₄ and 171.5 g of H₂O are reacted at 945°C and 11.0 atm,how much hydrogen should be available for industrial use?

A)201 L
B)291 L
C)259 L
D)28.8 L
E)86.5 L

Question 41

Choose the solid that has the smallest ionization energy.

A)Be
B)Mg
C)Ca
D)Sr
E)Ba

Question 42

Arrange the following Group 2A elements (in their ionic form)from largest to smallest atomic radius.

A)Ra²⁺ > Ba²⁺ > Sr²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺
B)Sr²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Ba²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ra²⁺
C)Ba²⁺ > Ra²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Sr²⁺ > Mg²⁺
D)Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Sr²⁺ > Ba²⁺ > Ra²⁺
E)Ra²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ba²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Sr²⁺

Question 43

The ion that aluminum is most likely to form is isoelectronic with:

A)Ar
B)Na
C)Ne
D)Mg
E)none of these

Question 44

Which of the following ions interferes with the action of detergents in hard water?

A)Na⁺
B)Ca²⁺
C)Mg²⁺
D)Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺
E)Na⁺,Ca²⁺,and Mg²⁺

Question 45

The element with the lowest melting point is:

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)Tl
E)All have the same melting point.

Question 46

Elements in this group lose two valence electrons to non-metals to form ionic compounds.

A)Group 1A
B)Group 2A
C)Group 3A
D)Group 4A
E)Group 5A

Question 47

An element that exhibits the oxidation states +1 and +3 is:

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)In
E)all of these

Question 48

Which of the following is the best explanation for how a water softener works?

A)When hard water passes over a resin in the softener,the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in the water bind to the resin in place of Na⁺ ions.
B)The softener releases an acid to interact with the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in the hard water to neutralize them.
C)When hard water passes through the softener,the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions are removed through electrolysis.
D)The softener releases K⁺ ions to counteract the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in the hard water.
E)When hard water passes through the softener,the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions precipitate out as Mg(OH)₂ and Ca(OH)₂.

Question 49

The element found in bauxite is:

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)Tl
E)all of these

Question 50

Choose the metal that is produced by electrolysis of its molten chloride salt.

A)Mg
B)Ca
C)Sr
D)Ba
E)all of these

Question 51

Choose the group that matches the following description: reacts with F₂ to form compounds with the general formula MF₂.

A)Group 1A
B)Group 2A
C)Group 3A
D)Group 4A
E)Group 5A

Question 52

Alkaline earth metals react less vigorously with water than do the alkali metals.

Question 53

Choose the metal that reacts least vigorously with water.

A)Mg
B)Ca
C)Sr
D)Ba
E)All of these react equally vigorously with water.

Question 54

The element with the widest liquid range is:

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)Tl
E)All are the same.

Question 55

What element is found in the structural minerals that make up our bones and teeth?

A)strontium
B)barium
C)calcium
D)silicon
E)magnesium

Question 56

Choose the group that matches the following description: reacts with H₂ to form compounds with the general formula MH₂.

A)Group 1A
B)Group 2A
C)Group 3A
D)Group 4A
E)Group 5A

Question 57

Which of these Group 2A elements reacts least vigorously with water?

A)Mg
B)Sr
C)Ca
D)Ba
E)All of these react in the same manner.

Question 58

In cation-exchange resins,what ion replaces Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the hard water that is passed over the resin?

A)H⁺
B)Li⁺
C)Na⁺
D)K⁺
E)Ba²⁺

Question 59

Which of the following metals has the highest melting point?

A)Na
B)Mg
C)Al
D)Ca
E)K

Question 60

The Group 3A element with the highest ionization energy is:

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)Tl
E)All are the same.

Question 61

The solid substance with the empirical formula SiO₂ is commonly called:

A)silicon
B)silica
C)silicate
D)silicone
E)none of these

Question 62

With which of the following elements does silicon form the strongest bonds?

A)Si
B)C
C)H
D)O
E)B

Question 63

Order the following bonds from highest to lowest bond energy: carbon-carbon,silicon-silicon,silicon-oxygen.

A)C-C,Si-Si,S-O
B)Si-O,C-C,Si-Si
C)Si-Si,Si-O,C-C
D)Si-O,Si-Si,C-C
E)C-C,Si-O,Si-Si

Question 64

Which of the following is the most abundant metal on earth?

A)calcium
B)iron
C)copper
D)aluminum
E)zinc

Question 65

How many of the following statements are false?
I.The group 3A elements are all metals.
IIAlkaline earth metals react less vigorously with water than do the alkali metals.
III.Salts can consist of hydrogen.
IV.Because Li is the strongest reducing agent of the alkali metals,it reacts most quickly with water of the alkali metals.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 66

Which element in Group 4A has the strongest metallic character?

A)Pb
B)C
C)Si
D)Ge
E)None of these are metals.

Question 67

Choose the element with the largest ionization energy.

A)N
B)P
C)As
D)Sb
E)Bi

Question 68

The largest commercial use of lead is in

A)gasoline
B)protective coatings for steel
C)semiconductors
D)paints
E)batteries used in automobiles

Question 69

Which group contains two elements that exhibit +2 and +4 oxidation states?

A)Group 1A
B)Group 3A
C)Group 4A
D)Group 5A
E)Group 7A

Question 70

The chemistry of silicon is dominated by its bonding with

A)Cl
B)S
C)Al
D)F
E)none of these

Question 71

Why is nitrogen not able to form molecules with five covalent bonds?

A)Because nitrogen can only form a trigonal bipyramidal shape when it bonds with other elements.
B)Because nitrogen has such a high ionization energy that having five covalent bonds is not possible.
C)Because nitrogen only exists as N₂ gas at room temperature.
D)Because of nitrogen's small size and lack of available d orbitals for electrons.
E)At least two of the above are correct.

Question 72

The element that reacts with N₂ to form a compound of the general formula MN is:

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)Tl
E)all of these

Question 73

Which element is found in the ore galena?

A)tin
B)lead
C)aluminum
D)silicon
E)germanium

Question 74

Choose the most metallic element.

A)N
B)P
C)As
D)Sb
E)Bi

Question 75

What are the forms of elemental carbon?

A)graphite and diamond
B)graphite,diamond,and fullerenes
C)graphite and fullerenes
D)diamond and fullerenes
E)diamond,graphite,and carbonite

Question 76

The Group 3A elements are all metals.

Question 77

Choose the group that matches the following description: contains two of the most important elements found on earth.

A)Group 1A
B)Group 2A
C)Group 3A
D)Group 4A
E)Group 5A

Question 78

The ability of the Group 5A elements to form __________ greatly decreases after nitrogen.

A)molecules with five covalent bonds
B)pi bonds
C)larger molecules with single bonds
D)molecules with four covalent bonds
E)all of these

Question 79

Choose the element with the largest electronegativity.

A)N
B)P
C)As
D)Sb
E)Bi

Question 80

Which Group 5A element cannot form molecules with five covalent bonds?

A)N
B)P
C)As
D)Sb
E)Bi