Deck 5: Bonding Theories-Explaining Molecular Geometry

Question 1

Determine the molecular geometry of N₂O.

A)bent
B)trigonal planar
C)linear
D)tetrahedral
E)trigonal pyramidal

Answer 1

linear

Question 2

What is the steric number of the central sulfur atom in SO₃?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Answer 2

3

Question 3

What are the ideal bond angles around carbon in CH₂O?

A)180 ^$\circ$
B)90 ^$\circ$
C)120 ^$\circ$
D)109.5 ^$\circ$
E)60 ^$\circ$

Answer 3

120 ^$\circ$

Question 4

What are the ideal bond angles around a central with a steric number of 5?

A)all 72 ^$\circ$
B)all 90 ^$\circ$
C)all 120 ^$\circ$
D)90 ^$\circ$ and 109.5 ^$\circ$
E)90 ^$\circ$ and 120 ^$\circ$

Question 5

The electron group geometry of GaCl₃ is _____________,and its molecular geometry is ______________.Gallium trichloride is an exception to the octet rule.

A)trigonal planar; trigonal planar
B)trigonal planar; bent
C)trigonal bipyramidal; tetrahedral
D)tetrahedral; trigonal pyramidal
E)trigonal pyramidal; trigonal pyramidal

Question 6

You synthesize a cation with a +1 charge by oxidizing a compound made by combining one volume of iodine vapor with six volumes of fluorine gas.What F-I-F bond angle value(s)would you predict?

A)all 120 ^$\circ$
B)three 120 ^$\circ$ and four 90 ^$\circ$
C)three 90 ^$\circ$ and four 120 ^$\circ$
D)all 90 ^$\circ$
E)none of these

Question 7

The electron group geometry of AsCl₃ is _____________,and its molecular geometry is ______________.

A)trigonal bipyramidal; trigonal bipyramidal
B)octahedral; trigonal bipyramidal
C)trigonal bipyramidal; tetrahedral
D)tetrahedral; trigonal pyramidal
E)tetrahedral; tetrahedral

Question 8

In VSEPR theory,molecular geometry is determined by _____________

A)electron-proton attractive forces.
B)electron-electron attractive forces.
C)electron-electron repulsive forces.
D)proton-proton repulsive forces.
E)electron-nucleus attractive forces.

Question 9

Which bond angle is the smallest?

A)H - C - H in C₂H₄
B)H - C - H in CH₄
C)H - C - H in H₂CO
D)H - C - C in C₂H₂
E)H - C - O in H₂CO

Question 10

What does a Lewis structure NOT show?

A)bonding arrangement of atoms
B)three-dimensional molecular shape
C)bonding electrons
D)nonbonding electrons
E)charges (when applicable)

Question 11

What is the steric number of the central nitrogen atom in NF₃?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 12

Which bond angle is the largest?

A)O - C - S in COS
B)H - Si - H in SiH₄
C)O - C - O in CO₃^2-
D)Cl - C - Cl in COCl₂
E)F - S - F in SF₆

Question 13

Determine the molecular geometry of BF₃.

A)bent
B)trigonal planar
C)trigonal bipyramidal
D)tetrahedral
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 14

You synthesize a compound by combining one volume of iodine vapor with seven volumes of fluorine gas.What is the steric number of the iodine atom?

A)3
B)4
C)6
D)7
E)8

Question 15

Determine the molecular geometry of CF₂Cl₂.

A)linear
B)bent
C)trigonal bipyramidal
D)tetrahedral
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 16

The electron group geometry of AsH₃ is _____________,and its molecular geometry is _____________

A)trigonal planar; trigonal planar.
B)tetrahedral; trigonal planar.
C)tetrahedral; tetrahedral.
D)tetrahedral; trigonal pyramidal.
E)trigonal pyramidal; trigonal pyramidal.

Question 17

What are the steric number and molecular geometry of SO₂?

A)2,linear
B)3,trigonal planar
C)3,trigonal pyramidal
D)3,bent
E)4,bent

Question 18

Determine the molecular geometry of OF₂.

A)bent
B)trigonal planar
C)linear
D)tetrahedral
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 19

Which electron-pair geometry has the lowest electron-electron repulsive forces?

A)linear
B)trigonal planar
C)tetrahedral
D)trigonal bipyramidal
E)octahedral

Question 20

What are the electron group number and molecular geometry of CF₂Cl₂?

A)2,linear
B)2,bent
C)4,tetrahedral
D)4,trigonal pyramidal
E)4,bent

Question 21

What is the geometry of the triiodide ion (I₃^-)?

A)linear
B)bent
C)tetrahedral
D)trigonal pyramidal
E)trigonal planar

Question 22

Which of the following molecules or ions has a trigonal pyramidal shape?

A)KrF₄
B)COCl₂
C)SeO₃^2-
D)NH₄⁺
E)O₃

Question 23

Which of the following compounds has the same molecular shape as CCl₃H?

A)SF₄
B)KrF₄
C)SiF₄
D)C₂H₄
E)C₂H₂

Question 24

Which of the following has the largest bond angle?

A)CF₄
B)NF₃
C)F₂O
D)NF₂^-
E)NH₃

Question 25

What is the geometry of the ClF₄^- ion?

A)square planar
B)square pyramidal
C)trigonal pyramidal
D)tetrahedral
E)seesaw

Question 26

What is the molecular geometry of SF₄O?

A)pentagonal
B)tetrahedral
C)trigonal bipyramidal
D)trigonal planar
E)square pyramidal

Question 27

Which of the following compounds has a square pyramid shape?

A)ICl₃
B)BrF₅
C)PCl₅
D)PH₃
E)SiF₄

Question 28

Which of the following compounds has the same shape as SO₂?

A)H₂O
B)HCN
C)ICl₃
D)OCS
E)CO₂

Question 29

Arrange the interactions between pairs of electrons in order of increasing strength.

A)bonding pair-bonding pair < lone pair-bonding pair < lone pair-lone pair
B)bonding pair-bonding pair < lone pair-lone pair < lone pair-bonding pair
C)lone pair-lone pair < lone pair-bonding pair < bonding pair-bonding pair
D)lone pair-lone pair < bonding pair-bonding pair < lone pair-bonding pair
E)lone pair-bonding pair < bonding pair-bonding pair < lone pair-lone pair

Question 30

Which of the following molecules or ions is linear?

A)H₂Se
B)H₂S
C)ICl₃
D)IBr₂^-
E)SO₂

Question 31

For the series methane,ammonia,and water,the bond angle increases in the following order: H₂O < NH₃ < CH₄.This trend is due to _____________

A)a decreasing effective nuclear charge.
B)a decrease in the number of lone pairs.
C)an increase in atomic radius.
D)an increase in the polarity of the molecules.
E)an increasing effective nuclear charge.

Question 32

What is the molecular geometry of SF₄?

A)tetrahedral
B)square pyramidal
C)seesaw
D)square planar
E)T-shaped

Question 33

Which of the following molecules is T-shaped?

A)NCl₃
B)PCl₃
C)SOCl₂
D)ICl₃
E)COCl₂

Question 34

The correct H - N - H bond angle in NH₃ is _____________

A)the same as the H - O - H angle in water.
B)exactly 109.5 ^$\circ$ .
C)greater than 109.5 ^$\circ$ .
D)less than 109.5 ^$\circ$ .
E)120 ^$\circ$ .

Question 35

Which would have the largest effect on a neighboring bond angle?

A)two lone pairs of electrons
B)one lone pair of electrons and a double bond
C)one double bond and a single bond
D)two single bonds
E)two double bonds

Question 36

Which of the following compounds has a trigonal bipyramidal shape?

A)ICl₃
B)BrF₅
C)PCl₅
D)PH₃
E)SiF₄

Question 37

Which bond angle is the smallest?

A)O - S - O in SO₂
B)O - S - O in SO₃
C)O - S - O in SO₄^2-
D)F - S - F in SF₆
E)Cl - S - Cl in SOCl₂

Question 38

Which of the following ions is linear?

A)SCN^-
B)NO₂^-
C)SO₃^2-
D)NH₄⁺
E)SO₂^2-

Question 39

Which of the following molecules or ions has the same approximate geometry as BCl₃?

A)COCl₂
B)ClO₃^-
C)ICl₃
D)NCl₃
E)SO₃^2-

Question 40

Which of the following is a planar molecule?

A)NH₃
B)PCl₅
C)KrF₄
D)CH₃COOH
E)SiH₄

Question 41

All homonuclear diatomic molecules _____________

A)have polar bonds.
B)are polar.
C)are nonpolar.
D)cannot vibrate.
E)are liquids.

Question 42

Which of the following molecules or ions is NOT polar?

A)PCl₃
B)H₂O
C)SO₂
D)I₃^-
E)N₂O

Question 43

Which of the following diagrams shows the correct orientation of the dipole in sulfur dioxide?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)none of these

Question 44

Which statement regarding a $\sigma$ bond between two carbon atoms linked by a single bond is NOT correct?

A)The region of electron density lies along the bond axis connecting the nuclei of the two atoms.
B)The bond can be described by the overlap of sp hybrid orbitals from each atom.
C)The bond can be described by the overlap of sp² hybrid orbitals from each atom.
D)The bond can be described by the overlap of sp³d hybrid orbitals from each atom.
E)The bond can be described by the overlap of an sp² hybrid orbital from one atom with an sp³ hybrid orbital from the other atom.

Question 45

Which of the following compounds has the smallest dipole moment?

A)CF₂Cl₂
B)CF₃Cl
C)CF₄
D)CFCl₃
E)CHFCl₂

Question 46

What is the hybridization of carbon in COS?

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp
E)sp³d ²

Question 47

Which statement regarding a $\pi$ bond between two carbon atoms is correct?

A)The region of high electron density lies along the bond axis connecting the nuclei of the two atoms.
B)It can be described by the overlap of sp hybrid orbitals from each atom.
C)It can be described by the overlap of sp² hybrid orbitals from each atom.
D)It can be described by the overlap of a p atomic orbital from one atom with an sp² hybrid orbital from the other atom.
E)It can be described by the overlap of p atomic orbitals from each atom.

Question 48

Identify the polar molecule.

A)CF₄
B)SiH₄
C)CHCl₃
D)CS₂
E)CO₂

Question 49

Which of the following compounds is the most polar?

A)NH₃
B)PH₃
C)AsH₃
D)SbH₃
E)BiH₃

Question 50

What is the hybridization of arsenic in AsCl₃?

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp
E)sp³d ²

Question 51

Which of the following contains polar bonds and has a permanent dipole moment?

A)PCl₃
B)SiF₄
C)CO₂
D)BeCl₂
E)CS₂

Question 52

What is the hybridization of carbon in COCl₂?

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp
E)sp³d ²

Question 53

Which statement regarding hybrid orbitals and molecular shape is NOT correct?

A)Atomic orbitals form hybrid orbitals with regions of electron density at specific angles around the nucleus.
B)Hybrid orbitals are mathematical combinations of the wave functions of atomic orbitals.
C)Hybrid orbitals generally have electron density at angles that minimize electron repulsions and maximize orbital overlap when bonding occurs.
D)Hybridization can involve atomic orbitals that are occupied or unoccupied by electrons.
E)Atomic orbitals on different atoms mix to form hybrid orbitals at angles that minimize repulsions.

Question 54

Which of the following shows the orientation of the net dipole for OCS?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)none of these

Question 55

Which of these molecules have a dipole moment?

A)PCl₅ and SiCl₄
B)POCl₃,SO₂Cl₂,and SO₃
C)POCl₃ and SO₂Cl₂
D)PCl₅,POCl₃,SOCl₂,SO₃,and SiCl₄
E)PCl₅,SF₆,SO₃,and SiCl₄

Question 56

Which of the following statements regarding valence bond theory is true?

A)Hybrid orbitals cannot contain lone pairs of electrons.
B)A single bond can be described as an electron pair in a $\sigma$ bond that is localized between two atoms.
C)A double bond can be described as two $\pi$ bonds occupied by four electrons.
D)The magnetic properties of a molecule are readily explained.
E)There is no provision for atoms with expanded octets.

Question 57

Which statement regarding $\sigma$ and $\sigma$ bonds is correct?

A)Both types of bonds can be made by the overlap of unhybridized atomic orbitals.
B)Overlap of sp hybrid orbitals can form either a $\sigma$ or a $\pi$ bond.
C)When two atoms form a multiple bond, $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds overlap in space and reinforce each other.
D)Multiple bonds between atoms often involve only $\pi$ bonds,not $\sigma$ bonds.
E)Electron density cannot be localized between two atoms when they participate in $\pi$ bonding.

Question 58

Which of the following compounds has the largest dipole moment?

A)CH₂Cl₂
B)CH₃Cl
C)CHCl₃
D)CCl₄
E)CH₄

Question 59

Which of the following compounds has the largest dipole moment?

A)CF₂Cl₂
B)CH₂Cl₂
C)CH₂F₂
D)CF₄
E)CH₂Br₂

Question 60

Benzene (C₆H₆)is a cyclic,nonpolar molecule.By removing one of the hydrogens and replacing it with another atom or group,this substituted benzene becomes polar.Which of the following substituted benzenes is the most polar?

A)C₆H₅F (fluorobenzene)
B)C₆H₅Br (bromobenzene)
C)C₆H₅Cl (chlorobenzene)
D)C₆H₅I (iodobenzene)
E)C₆H₅CH₃ (methylbenzene)

Question 61

Which of the following has a local molecular geometry about a carbon atom that is trigonal planar?

A)CH₃CH₂OH
B)CH₃OH
C)C₂H₄
D)CH₃OCH₃
E)C₂H₂

Question 62

Which of the following molecules has a carbon atom that is sp³ hybridized?

A)C₂H₂
B)H₂CO
C)CH₃Cl
D)C₂H₄
E)C₂H₂Cl₂

Question 63

Which of the following has a central atom with the same hybridization as the oxygen in water?

A)SO₂
B)OCS
C)CS₂
D)NH₃
E)CO₂

Question 64

What is the hybridization of the central xenon atom in XeF₄,what is its molecular geometry,and what is the F-Xe-F bond angle?

A)sp³,tetrahedral,109.5 ^$\circ$
B)sp³d ²,square planar,90 ^$\circ$
C)sp³d,seesaw,120 ^$\circ$
D)sp³d ²,square planar,120F ^$\circ$
E)sp³d,square pyramidal,90 ^$\circ$

Question 65

What type of hybridization is needed to describe the bonding in a seesaw-shaped molecule?

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp
E)sp³d ²

Question 66

What type of hybridization is needed to describe the bonding in a T-shaped molecule?

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp
E)sp³d ²

Question 67

Which of the following best describes the C - O bond in COF₂?

A)sp orbitals form one $\sigma$ bond
B)sp² orbitals form two $\sigma$ bonds
C)unhybridized 2p orbitals form two $\pi$ bonds
D)sp² hybrid orbitals form one $\pi$ bond and unhybridized 2p orbitals form one $\pi$ bond
E)sp² hybrid orbitals form one $\sigma$ bond and unhybridized 2p orbitals form one $\pi$ bond

Question 68

What is the hybridization of Xe in XeOF₄,and what is the molecular geometry?

A)sp³d,square pyramidal
B)sp³d,seesaw
C)sp³d ²,square pyramidal
D)sp³d ²,square planar
E)sp³d ²,octahedral

Question 69

Which of the following statements about bonds between two carbon atoms is/are correct? (I)Bond strength increases as more electrons are shared between the atoms.
(II)Bond strength increases as the overlap between atomic orbitals increases.
(III)Hybrid orbitals are used to describe (account for)the geometry (bond angles)around each carbon atom.

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)Only two of these are correct statements.
E)All three are correct statements.

Question 70

Which of the following molecules has a central atom that is sp³ hybridized?

A)C₂H₂
B)H₂CO
C)H₂S
D)C₂H₄
E)C₂H₂Cl₂

Question 71

What is the hybridization of I in IF₄⁺,and what is the molecular geometry of the ion?

A)sp³d,seesaw
B)sp³d,T-shaped
C)sp³d,trigonal bipyramidal
D)sp³d ²,trigonal planar
E)sp³d ²,octahedral

Question 72

What is the hybridization of the central iodine atom in I₃^-?

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d ²
E)sp³d

Question 73

Which of the following molecules has a carbon atom that is sp³ hybridized?

A)C₂H₂
B)C₂HF₃
C)C₂H₄Cl₂
D)C₂H₄
E)C₂H₂Cl₂

Question 74

Which of the following has a central atom with the same hybridization as the carbon in formaldehyde (H₂CO)?

A)SO₂
B)OCS
C)ICl₃
D)I₃^-
E)C₂H₂

Question 75

Which of the following molecules or ions has a central atom with the same hybridization as PCl₅?

A)IF₆⁺
B)SiF₄
C)BrF₅
D)SbF₅
E)XeF₄

Question 76

What hybridization is needed to describe the square planar molecular geometry of KrF₄?

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)sp³d
E)sp³d ²

Question 77

What is the hybridization of Cl in ClF₃,and what is the molecular geometry?

A)sp³d,trigonal pyramidal
B)sp³d,T-shaped
C)sp³d,trigonal planar
D)sp³d ²,T-shaped
E)sp³d ²,octahedral

Question 78

What is the hybridization of the iodine atom in ICl₃?

A)sp²
B)sp³d
C)sp³d ²
D)sp³
E)sp

Question 79

What is the hybridization of the bromine atom in BrF₅?

A)sp³
B)sp³d
C)sp³d ²
D)sp
E)sp²

Question 80

What is the hybridization of the phosphorus in POCl₃?

A)sp²
B)sp³
C)sp³d
D)sp
E)sp³d ²