Deck 8: Herbal Medicines and Natural Treatments for Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Overall,the effects of kava most resemble:

A)antidepressants.
B)alcohol.
C)barbiturates.
D)sedatives.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The active ingredients in ginkgo extracts appear to be:

A)vitamins.
B)neuropeptides.
C)antioxidants.
D)amino acids.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

St.John's wort has been shown to:

A)increase blood levels of several drugs.
B)decrease blood levels of several drugs.
C)increase or decrease blood levels of several drugs.
D)not affect blood levels of any drugs tested to date.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The metabolism of St.John's wort occurs:

A)in the liver.
B)in the gut.
C)in the kidneys.
D)through unknown mechanisms.

Question 5

The active ingredient in Ma-huang and Metabolife 356 is:

A)amphetamine.
B)an antihistamine.
C)ephedrine.
D)norepinephrine.

Question 6

Kava,at high doses,produces:

A)euphoria.
B)insomnia.
C)depression.
D)sleep.

Question 7

Kava,at low to moderate doses,is useful for treating moderate:

A)anxiety.
B)insomnia.
C)depression.
D)cognitive dysfunction.

Question 8

Ma-huang is best described as a(n):

A)depressant.
B)anxiolytic.
C)psychostimulant.
D)sedative.

Question 9

Elimination of ginkgo occurs through:

A)the liver.
B)the kidneys.
C)the lungs.
D)unknown mechanisms.

Question 10

The EEG alterations induced by kava resemble those induced by:

A)benzodiazepines.
B)amphetamines.
C)antihistamines.
D)antidepressants.

Question 11

Several studies on St.John's wort suggest it may be somewhat effective in treating:

A)severe depression.
B)mild to moderate depression.
C)anxiety disorders.
D)dysthymia.

Question 12

Side effects of Ma-huang and Metabolife 356 include:

A)hypertension.
B)arrhythmias.
C)tachychardia.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Kava appears to act much like:

A)benzodiazepines.
B)sedatives.
C)alcohol.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

In the elderly,omega-3 fatty acids:

A)reduce incidents of dementia.
B)enhance learning and memory.
C)protect neurons.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Recent reports suggest that hypericin blocks reuptake of:

A)serotonin.
B)norepinephrine.
C)dopamine.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

The supplement containing hypericin is most widely used in the United States for its presumed efficacy in treating:

A)anxiety.
B)insomnia.
C)evil spirits.
D)depression.

Question 17

Excretion of St.John's wort occurs:

A)via the urine.
B)via the lungs.
C)via the skin.
D)through unknown mechanisms.

Question 18

Omega-3 fatty acids:

A)reduce pain.
B)reduce transitions to psychotic disorder in adolescents.
C)improve cardiovascular health.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

The chemical hypericin (from the Greek "to overcome an apparition")is the active ingredient in:

A)St Anthony's fire.
B)St.John's wort.
C)ginkgo.
D)Devil's apple.

Question 20

The extract of Ginkgo biloba is used in Europe to treat:

A)depression.
B)anxiety.
C)insomnia.
D)cognitive disorders.

Question 21

Ancients used St.John's wort to ward off "evil spirits."

Question 22

St.John's wort has been shown to be superior to placebo in ameliorating mild depression.

Question 23

The active ingredients in ginkgo extracts are not completely known.

Question 24

The extract of ginkgo is used to treat cognitive disorders.

Question 25

A product can only be labeled a supplement if it can be shown to affect a disease.

Question 26

Ginkgo extracts contain antioxidants.

Question 27

Some bioflavonoids in St.John's wort reduce blood concentrations of oxycodone and birth control hormones.

Question 28

German chamomile is used to treat:

A)insomnia.
B)anxiety.
C)depression.
D)insomnia and anxiety.

Question 29

A product can only be labeled a supplement if it can be shown to be efficacious.

Question 30

Some bioflavonoids in St.John's wort decrease activity of certain hepatic enzymes.

Question 31

Valerian is best described as:

A)a depressant.
B)an anxiolytic.
C)a stimulant.
D)a sedative.

Question 32

Some bioflavonoids in St.John's wort increase activity of certain hepatic enzymes.

Question 33

St.John's wort has been shown to cause photosensitivity.

Question 34

It is not known if the active ingredient in St.John's wort is metabolized.

Question 35

Because it is an herbal medicine,St.John's wort is considered perfectly safe for use during pregnancy.

Question 36

A product can only be labeled a supplement if its safety can be demonstrated.

Question 37

The metabolic pathway of St.John's wort is understood.

Question 38

The route of excretion of St.John's wort has been established.

Question 39

There is little question that herbal medicines are universally effective.

Question 40

A number of studies have suggested that St.John's wort is no more effective than placebo in treating major depression.

Question 41

Omega-3 fatty acids are ineffective in reducing transition to psychotic disorder in adolescents with subthreshold psychosis.

Question 42

Kava is used by Oceanic peoples in the same way many other people use alcohol.

Question 43

Kava acts like some antidepressants in its blockade of MAO-A.

Question 44

At high doses,kava induces stupor.

Question 45

Antioxidants have clearly been shown to treat cognitive dysfunction.

Question 46

The mechanism of action of kava is not understood.

Question 47

German chamomile is thought to be a sedative.

Question 48

Deaths from ephedrine have never been reported.

Question 49

Valerian is a psychostimulant.

Question 50

The active ingredient in Ma-huang is a stimulant.

Question 51

Omega-3 fatty acids are ineffective in reducing pain of rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 52

There is no clear evidence of ginkgo's efficacy in treating impotence.

Question 53

The active ingredient in Ma-huang is a depressant.

Question 54

There is clear evidence of ginkgo's efficacy in treating depression.