Deck 15: Health Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following are you more likely to see in the restricting type of anorexia compared to the binge/purge type of anorexia?

A) Problems with unstable moods
B) Deep mistrust of others
C) Substance abuse
D) Pressure from others to eat

Answer 1

Pressure from others to eat

Question 2

According to recent Canadian studies, what percentage of females reported that they were actively dieting to lose weight?

A) 10-20%
B) 5-10%
C) 25-30%
D) 40-60%

Answer 2

25-30%

Question 3

Which of the following two types of anorexia are recognized by DSM-IV-TR?

A) Purging type and non-purging type
B) Bingeing type and purging type
C) Restricting type and binge/purge type
D) Restricting type and non-purging type

Answer 3

Restricting type and binge/purge type

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true concerning gender differences in eating disorders?

A) Men are more likely than women to have histories of being underweight and bingeing before their anorexia or bulimia develops
B) Men are more likely than women to have histories of being overweight and bingeing before their anorexia or bulimia develops
C) Men and women are equally likely to have histories of being overweight and bingeing before their anorexia or bulimia develops
D) Neither men nor women have reported a history of being overweight and bingeing before their anorexia or bulimia develops

Question 5

What is the most obvious symptom of anorexia nervosa?

A) Weight loss
B) Depression
C) Anxiety
D) Purging

Question 6

What does amenorrhea refer to?

A) A female's inability to ovulate
B) Excessive bleeding during menstruation
C) An absence of menstrual periods
D) Irregular menstrual cycles

Question 7

Which of the following health concerns is not a medical complication of anorexia nervosa?

A) Arrhythmia
B) Hiatal hernia
C) Bradycardia
D) Acute expansion of the stomach

Question 8

Which of the following statements is least true concerning the bingeing/purging type of anorexia?

A) The person engages in binge eating
B) The person continues to be at least 15% below a healthy body weight
C) The person engages in purging activities
D) The person consumes large amounts of food when bingeing

Question 9

Fergus has lost 40 kilograms this past year since Florence broke their engagement. His weight is 15% below what his physician says is a healthy weight for him, yet he refuses to acknowledge his thinness or the serious risks of his self-starvation. Fergus is afraid that if he gains weight no woman will ever date him again. What disorder is Fergus most likely to be diagnosed with?

A) Specific food phobia
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true concerning anorexia nervosa?

A) It affects approximately 10% of the population
B) Approximately 90 to 95% of people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are female
C) Anorexia nervosa usually begins before the onset of puberty
D) The death rate associated with anorexia is approximately 50%

Question 11

Which of the following disorders is characterized by a pursuit of thinness that leads people to starve themselves?

A) Binge eating disorder
B) Dieting disorder
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia nervosa?

A) Being at least 15% below the minimum healthy weight for that individual's age and height
B) Amenorrhea in females who have begun menstruating
C) Having intense fears of becoming fat
D) Presence of depressive episodes

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false concerning the binge/purge type of anorexia?

A) Women with the binge/purge type of anorexia continue to be at least 15% below a healthy body weight
B) Women with the binge/purge type of anorexia will often purge food despite the amount consumed
C) Women with the binge/purge type of anorexia do not develop amenorrhea
D) Women with the binge/purge type of anorexia are more likely to have problems with unstable mood, temper control, substance abuse, and self mutilating behaviours relative to women with the restricting type of anorexia

Question 14

Which of the following is the driving force behind most people's attempts to eat less and lose weight?

A) The desire to meet a mate
B) The desire to be more attractive and increase self-esteem
C) To desire to model the behaviour of celebrities
D) The desire to be healthier

Question 15

Which of the following health concerns is not considered a physical consequence of anorexia?

A) Acid reflux disease
B) Cardiovascular complications
C) Death
D) Kidney damage

Question 16

Olive is 18 years old. She has a full scholarship to a university 20 km from her home. However, her mother wants her to live at home. Olive has recently lost 10 kilograms. Her mother attributes her weight loss to Olive's obvious lack of appetite. In addition, her mother believes that her menstrual periods have stopped because of her anxiety over the new challenges she is facing in university. Which of the following might be an explanation for Olive's situation?

A) Olive probably has an anxiety disorder
B) Olive probably has anorexia nervosa
C) Olive is probably experiencing major depression
D) Olive is exhibiting separation anxiety disorder

Question 17

Which of the following is not listed as an eating disorder in DSM-IV?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Obesity
D) Binge eating disorder

Question 18

Men and women who have eating disorders typically share which of the following problems?

A) Depression and substance abuse
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder and depersonalization
C) Narcissism and sexual dysfunction
D) Agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder

Question 19

Which of the following is true concerning men and eating disorders?

A) Current trends indicate that men are less likely to be preoccupied with their bodies than women
B) Current trends indicate that men are more likely than women to eat properly
C) Current trends indicate that there has been an increasing emphasis on men obtaining lean and firmer bodies
D) Current trends indicate that men are more concerned about the health of their significant other than themselves

Question 20

Which is a typical difference between men and women before the onset of an eating disorder?

A) Women have histories of being overprotected by parents
B) Women have histories of psychopathology such as dysthymia and anxiety disorders
C) Men have histories of psychopathology such as antisocial personality disorder and adult onset of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D) Men have histories of bingeing and being overweight before their anorexia or bulimia develops

Question 21

Trisha has an eating disorder that causes her to binge regularly and exercise excessively. Which eating disorder does she likely have?

A) Purging type of bulimia
B) Non-purging type of bulimia
C) Binge-purge type of anorexia
D) Restricting type of anorexia

Question 22

Which of the following behaviours does a person who has bulimia nervosa typically engage in following an episode of uncontrolled eating?

A) Behaviours that maintain weight
B) Behaviours designed to prevent weight gain
C) Behaviours that include more uncontrolled eating
D) Behaviours that fluctuate between maintaining weight and preventing weight gain

Question 23

Which of the following is true of the DSM-IV-TR criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa?

A) DSM criteria require that a person be at least 15% below normal body weight for anorexia and 10% below normal body weight for bulimia
B) DSM criteria require that a person be at least 15% below normal body weight for anorexia, but no body weight criteria are in place for bulimia
C) DSM criteria require that a person be at least 15% below body weight for bulimia, but no body weight criteria are in place for anorexia
D) DSM criteria have no body weight criteria for either anorexia or bulimia

Question 24

For several months, Reba has kept her weight 10 to 15 pounds below normal for her age and height. She uses laxatives after eating a meal. She has become concerned because she has recently stopped menstruating. Which of the following diagnoses would Reba likely receive?

A) Anorexia nervosa-binge/purge type
B) Binge-eating disorder
C) Bulimia nervosa-purging type
D) Anorexia nervosa-restricting type

Question 25

Rebecca has the non-purging type of bulimia. How does Rebecca differ from her friend Trudy who has the restricting type of anorexia?

A) Rebecca engages in uncontrolled eating and excessive exercise to control her weight and Trudy engages only in uncontrolled eating
B) Rebecca and Trudy engage in restricted eating, but Rebecca also uses excessive exercise to prevent weight gain
C) Trudy engages in restricted eating without engaging in purging behaviours and Rebecca engages in uncontrolled eating and uses excessive exercise to prevent weight gain
D) Trudy and Rebecca engage in uncontrolled eating, but Rebecca also uses excessive exercise to prevent weight gain

Question 26

What does bingeing refer to?

A) Uncontrolled eating
B) Controlled eating
C) Uncontrolled purging
D) Controlled purging

Question 27

Which of the following best explains the difference between anorexia and bulimia?

A) Perceptions of others concerning their body shape
B) Desire to be thin
C) Perception of body shape
D) Dissatisfaction with weight and body shape

Question 28

Most people associate which of the following behaviours with bulimia?

A) Overeating
B) Self-induced vomiting
C) Overuse of laxatives
D) Overuse of diuretics

Question 29

Which of the following is the core characteristic of bulimia nervosa?

A) Uncontrolled eating
B) Controlled eating
C) Uncontrolled purging
D) Controlled purging

Question 30

People with bulimia use all of the following behaviours to control their weight, except:

A) Self-induced vomiting
B) Laxatives
C) Diuretics
D) Balanced diet

Question 31

Which of the following statements about anorexia and bulimia nervosa is false?

A) Both anorexia and bulimia are common in college women and in women who have high pressure occupations, with as many as 25% of women meeting the diagnostic criteria for one of the eating disorders
B) People with bulimia do not have a distorted body image whereas those with anorexia do have a distorted body image
C) People are more likely to die from anorexia than from bulimia
D) Amenorrhea is a symptom of anorexia, but not bulimia

Question 32

People who self-induce vomiting or use purging medications are said to have which type of bulimia?

A) Self-induced purging type
B) Purging type
C) Induced purging type
D) Self-inducted purging type

Question 33

Veronica has an eating disorder, but does not engage in any binge eating. Which eating disorder does Veronica likely have?

A) Purging type of bulimia
B) Non-purging type of bulimia
C) Binge/purge type of anorexia
D) Restricting type of anorexia

Question 34

How many calories does a person with bulimia nervosa consume during an average eating binge?

A) 600
B) 1200
C) 1500
D) 3000

Question 35

According to researchers, which of the following is true of adolescents with partial-syndrome eating disorders?

A) The vast majority are underdeveloped males
B) The vast majority are overdeveloped females
C) The vast majority are female
D) The vast majority are male

Question 36

Which of the following is not a method used by someone with the purging type of bulimia to prevent weight gain?

A) Abuse of laxatives
B) Self-mutilation
C) Self-induced vomiting
D) Abuse of diuretics

Question 37

Which of the following labels is used to refer to eating disorders that do not meet the full criteria for either anorexia or bulimia nervosa?

A) Sub-threshold eating disorders
B) Disordered eating
C) Partial eating syndrome
D) Partial-syndrome eating disorders

Question 38

People who use excessive exercise or fasting to control their weight, but do not engage in purging, have which type of bulimia?

A) Non-purging type
B) Exercising and restricting type
C) Bulimia nervosa not otherwise specified
D) Undifferentiated purging type

Question 39

Why might dentists be helpful in identifying bulimic patients?

A) Frequent vomiting can lead to bacteria in the mouth and foul breath
B) People are more likely to go see their dentist than their primary care physician
C) Frequent vomiting can rot teeth because of exposure to stomach acid
D) Dentists have strong connections with primary care physicians

Question 40

Researchers found that adolescents with partial-syndrome eating disorders were just as likely as those with full blown eating disorders to develop all of the following problems, except:

A) Depersonalization
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Substance abuse disorders
D) Attempted suicide

Question 41

Which of the following eating disorders is characterized by frequent eating binges but not by regular use of behaviours designed to prevent weight gain?

A) Binge-eating disorder
B) Obesity
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 42

Psychologists have linked the historical and cultural differences in the prevalence of eating disorders to which of the following factors?

A) Standards of beauty for women
B) The shift in women's roles
C) Abundance of food
D) Increased education

Question 43

When does the onset of bulimia nervosa typically occur?

A) 10-14
B) 14-18
C) 15-29
D) 30-40

Question 44

Which biological abnormality is found in people with anorexia nervosa?

A) Increased functioning in the caudate nucleus
B) Low levels of norepinephrine
C) Decreased metabolism in the frontal cerebrum
D) Lowered functioning of the hypothalamus

Question 45

People with binge-eating disorder typically have histories of all of the following, except:

A) Family obesity
B) Frequent dieting attempts
C) Membership in weight control programs
D) Domestic violence

Question 46

According to twin studies of bulimia nervosa, approximately what percentage of variability is due to heritability?

A) 10-20%
B) 59-83%
C) 22-36%
D) 85-95%

Question 47

Which of the following is true concerning the death rate of people diagnosed with anorexia and bulimia nervosa?

A) People diagnosed with bulimia are much more likely to die at a faster rate than those diagnosed with anorexia
B) People diagnosed with anorexia are much more likely to die at a faster rate than those with bulimia
C) People diagnosed with bulimia and anorexia die at approximately the same rate
D) People diagnosed with bulimia and anorexia are at little risk of dying from the eating disorders

Question 48

People with binge eating disorder tend to have high rates of all of the following disorders, except:

A) Substance abuse disorders
B) Dissociative disorders
C) Anxiety disorders
D) Mood disorders

Question 49

What is the primary motivation for exercise among most women?

A) Stress relief
B) Improved health
C) Weight control
D) Increased strength and flexibility

Question 50

Denis tends to eat excessive amounts of food within a short period of time several times a day. As a result of overeating, Denis is 15 kilograms overweight. Which eating disorder is Denis most likely to be diagnosed with?

A) Non-purging type of bulimia
B) Purging type of bulimia
C) Binge/purge type of anorexia
D) Binge eating disorder

Question 51

Studies of people with bulimia nervosa have found abnormalities in which of the following neurotransmitters?

A) Serotonin
B) Epinephrine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Norepinephrine

Question 52

Which of the following factors distinguishes between binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa?

A) Individuals with binge eating disorder are better able to limit when eating binges will occur
B) Individuals with binge eating disorder are better able to control their food consumption
C) Individuals with binge eating disorder do not regularly engage in purging or excessive exercise
D) Individuals with binge eating disorder typically feel less anxious about bingeing

Question 53

According to researchers, approximately what percentage of adolescents with partial-syndrome eating disorders had a full blown psychiatric disorder when they were in their early 20s?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 80%

Question 54

According to twin studies of anorexia nervosa, approximately what percentage of variability is due to genetic factors?

A) 48 to 74%
B) 10 to 20%
C) 22 to 36%
D) 80 to 90%

Question 55

According to studies of people with anorexia nervosa, which of the following findings is true?

A) They demonstrate lowered functioning of the hypothalamus and abnormalities of serotonin and dopamine
B) They demonstrate lowered functioning of the hypothalamus and abnormalities of norepinephrine and serotonin
C) They demonstrate lowered functioning of the hypothalamus and abnormalities of dopamine and norepinephrine
D) They demonstrate lowered functioning of the hypothalamus and abnormalities of norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Question 56

All of the following statements are true concerning binge eating disorder, except:

A) At least half of the people currently in weight loss programs may have binge eating disorder
B) Unlike anorexia and bulimia, men are more likely than women to have binge eating disorder
C) Binge eating disorder is only listed in the appendix of DSM-IV and is not yet officially recognized as an eating disorder
D) People with binge eating disorder have high rates of anxiety and alcohol abuse

Question 57

People with which of the following eating disorders are most likely to be overweight?

A) Obesity
B) Bulimia nervosa-purging type
C) Binge eating disorder
D) Bulimia nervosa-non-purging type

Question 58

Eating disorders are probably influenced by which biological structure in the brain?

A) Mesolimic pathway
B) Temporal lobe
C) Medulla
D) Hypothalamus

Question 59

Deficiencies in serotonin in people diagnosed with bulimia nervosa might account for which of the following cravings?

A) The body craving proteins
B) The body craving vitamin C
C) The body craving carbohydrates
D) The body craving thiamine

Question 60

The imbalance of electrolytes in the bodies of people diagnosed with bulimia is caused by all of the following, except:

A) Uncontrolled eating
B) Excessive vomiting
C) Laxative abuse
D) Diuretic abuse

Question 61

According to your text, why are boys are less likely than girls to develop eating disorders?

A) More value is placed on boys gaining independence and separating from their families
B) Girls are physiologically more vulnerable to eating disorders
C) There is more pressure for females to look attractive
D) Girls are more likely to dissociate and thus develop eating disorders

Question 62

In the study by Stice and colleagues discussed in your text, what percentage of the women with the depressive subtype of binge eating developed full-blown major depression over the five-year study period?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 80%

Question 63

A therapist who treats a patient with anorexia should do which of the following?

A) Encourage the client to give up control
B) Gain and maintain the client's trust and participation
C) Convince the family to develop more clear-cut boundaries
D) Gain and maintain the family's trust and participation

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true concerning the connection between eating disorders and sexual abuse?

A) Researchers have found that people with eating disorders tend to have lower rates of sexual abuse than people with anxiety, but not those with depression
B) Researchers have found that people with eating disorders tend to have higher rates of sexual abuse than people with dissociative identity disorder
C) Researchers have found that people with eating disorders tend to have higher rates of sexual abuse than people with no psychological disorders
D) Researchers have found that people with eating disorders have higher rates of sexual abuse than people with other psychological disorders

Question 65

Which group of individuals is more likely to hold implicit and explicit negative attitudes/beliefs toward fatness and to internalize societal values?

A) Restrained eaters
B) Unrestrained eaters
C) Restrained athletes
D) Unrestrained athletes

Question 66

How did Salvador Minuchin describe the families of adolescents with anorexia nervosa?

A) Enmeshed
B) Permissive
C) Neglectful
D) Authoritarian

Question 67

Which of the following is not a reason stated in your text for why adolescent girls are particularly at risk for eating disorders?

A) They fear separation from their families
B) They fear intimate relationships with peers
C) They feel rage against their parents for over-controlling them
D) They become confused about their sexuality around puberty

Question 68

Despite a lot of research being conducted on eating disorders, the extent to which family and personality characteristics are causal factors in eating disorders is not known. Studies using which of the following research designs make it impossible to determine causality?

A) Prospective studies
B) Retrospective studies
C) Experimental studies
D) Longitudinal studies

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true concerning athletes and eating disorders?

A) Elite athletes are more likely develop eating disorders than non-elite athletes
B) Non-elite athletes are more likely to develop eating disorders than elite athletes
C) Elite and non-elite athletes are equally likely to develop eating disorders
D) Empirical evidence of the relationship between athletics and eating disorders is inconclusive

Question 70

What does the term dichotomous thinking refer to?

A) All true or all false
B) All stressful or all relaxing
C) All good or all bad
D) All right or all wrong

Question 71

Gwendolyn weighs 35 kilograms due to her anorexia. Which of the following issues is likely to present a major difficulty with respect to conducting therapy with her?

A) Control
B) Delusions
C) Transference
D) Ethics

Question 72

Marianne has controlling, overprotective, fault-finding parents. In response to their behaviours, she refuses to maintain the minimal body weight she needs for her age and height. In addition to her eating disorder, Marianne will most likely exhibit all of the following, except:

A) Conformity
B) Negativity
C) Defiance
D) Anger

Question 73

The theory that sexual abuse causes eating disorders has become highly controversial for all of the following reasons, except:

A) The lack of controlled studies
B) The fact that this theory is based only on clinical reports
C) The fact that this theory is based only on controlled studies
D) The possibility that therapists are initiating the topic

Question 74

How did Hilde Bruch describe adolescent females with anorexia nervosa?

A) Good girls, high achievers, and compliant
B) Mischievous girls, high achievers, and rebellious
C) Bad girls, low achievers, and low anxiety
D) Avoidant girls, low achievers, and high anxiety

Question 75

According to the psychoanalyst Hilde Bruch, which factor accounts for the relentless pursuit of thinness in patients with anorexia nervosa?

A) Shift in women's roles in society
B) Maladaptive family dynamics
C) Cultural emphasis on extreme thinness
D) Neurotransmitter deficits

Question 76

Research by Stice and colleagues identified which of the following binge eating subtypes?

A) Dieting subtype and anxiety subtype
B) Anxiety subtype and depressive subtype
C) Emotional subtype and dieting subtype
D) Depressive subtype and dieting subtype

Question 77

Which of the following high school students is most likely to develop an eating disorder?

A) Susan who is a gymnast
B) Anna who does track and field
C) Martha who plays softball
D) Trina who plays volleyball

Question 78

Which of the following high school students is most likely to develop an eating disorder?

A) Austin, who plays soccer
B) Jared, who plays football
C) KJ, who plays baseball
D) Randy, who is a body builder

Question 79

Wilber has had anorexia for the past 2 years. Which of the following ideas is most accurate with respect to treating him for anorexia?

A) Wilber would be expected to cooperate because he is extremely compliant
B) Wilber would be expected to cooperate because his life is at stake
C) Wilber would not be expected to cooperate because of the anger he feels
D) Wilber would not be expected to cooperate because he must maintain control

Question 80

Which two personality characteristics are frequently found to occur in people with anorexia and bulimia nervosa?

A) Perfectionism and obsessive-compulsiveness
B) Dependence and self-denial
C) Extraversion and perfectionism
D) Obsessive-compulsiveness and self-reliance