Question 1

Jonas knew that animals with fur,pointy ears,a tail,four legs,and that say "woof" were called "dogs" by his parents.He saw a new animal and thought it was a dog until it "meowed." Jonas's parents said that it was a "cat." Jonas could now distinguish between a dog and a cat depending on the sound the animal made.This revision of Jonas's schema of a "dog" best illustrates:

A)assimilation.
B)accommodation.
C)formal operations.
D)object permanence.

accommodation.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to the process of adjusting or modifying one's existing schemas or mental representations in response to new information or experiences that do not fit with one's current understanding. In this scenario, Jonas had to modify his existing schema of a "dog" to include the characteristic of saying "woof" and exclude the characteristic of saying "meow" when he encountered a new animal that looked like a dog but made a different sound. This process of modifying his schema to accommodate the new information about cats is an example of accommodation.

Question 2

Developmental psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the:&#10;A)impact of physiology on cognitive processes.&#10;B)stage at which people leave their parents.&#10;C)continuity and change across the human life span.&#10;D)stage at which people become independent.

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology is concerned with understanding how individuals change and develop across their lifespan, from birth to old age. This includes examining the continuity and change of physical, cognitive, and social development, and understanding how experiences and contexts shape development over time. Option A is incorrect because while physiological processes are often related to cognitive development, the focus of developmental psychology is on the whole spectrum of development rather than just one aspect. Option B and D are also incorrect because leaving parents and becoming independent are specific milestones that do not encompass the full scope of developmental psychology.

Question 3

Which cognitive ability would be LEAST impaired as a person ages?&#10;A)remembering details from a childhood birthday party&#10;B)remembering a phone number&#10;C)retrieving names of high school classmates from memory&#10;D)understanding vocabulary in a person's language

Accepted Answer

Understanding vocabulary in a person's language is considered to be one of the least impaired cognitive abilities as a person ages because it relies more on accumulated knowledge and experience rather than short-term memory or processing speed.

Question 4

The _____ is a behavioral test to determine a child's attachment style.&#10;A)Activity Vector Analysis&#10;B)Knox Cubes&#10;C)Strange Situation&#10;D)Turing Test

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation is a widely used behavioral test that assesses a child's attachment style to their caregiver. It involves observing the child's behavior when separated from their caregiver and then reunited with them in a series of structured scenarios. The test was developed by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s and is still used today in research and clinical settings. A, B, and D are unrelated tests or concepts.

Question 5

People experience different emotions in response to the same stimulus and react differently to things based on their personal likes or dislikes.Understanding this phenomenon is a characteristic of:&#10;A)the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.&#10;B)the postconventional stage of moral development.&#10;C)assimilation and accommodation.&#10;D)a theory of mind.

Accepted Answer

A theory of mind refers to the ability to understand that other people have their own thoughts, feelings, and intentions which may differ from one's own. This includes recognizing that others may have different emotional responses to the same stimuli, and can help individuals develop empathy and better social skills.

Question 6

The concept of object permanence is FIRST understood in the _____ stage of cognitive development.&#10;A)sensorimotor&#10;B)preoperational&#10;C)concrete operational&#10;D)formal operational

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. This concept is first developed during the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) of cognitive development, according to Jean Piaget's theory. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions, and gradually come to understand that objects have a permanent existence even if they can't see them.

Question 7

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development differed from Piaget's largely due to its focus on:&#10;A)cultural influences.&#10;B)self-observations.&#10;C)reinforcement.&#10;D)morality.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's theory emphasized the role of cultural factors and social interactions in cognitive development, whereas Piaget's theory focused more on individual experiences and internal cognitive processes. Vygotsky believed that cognitive development occurs through social interactions and that cultural factors such as language, customs, and beliefs play a crucial role in shaping cognitive abilities.

Question 8

A stage of moral development in which the morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values is called the _____ stage.&#10;A)postconventional&#10;B)conventional&#10;C)formal conventional&#10;D)preconventional

Accepted Answer

The postconventional stage, according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, is characterized by an individual's adherence to a set of general principles based on core values such as justice, equality, and human rights. In this stage, moral reasoning goes beyond the expectations of society and law, with the individual making independent moral judgments based on universal ethical principles. This stage typically develops in late adolescence or adulthood.

Question 9

A child in the preoperational stage of development often has trouble with the concept of:&#10;A)conservation.&#10;B)assimilation.&#10;C)accommodation.&#10;D)object permanence.

Accepted Answer

Conservation is the concept that physical properties of objects remain the same despite changes in their form or appearance. Children in the preoperational stage have not yet developed this understanding and often struggle with conservation tasks. They may, for example, believe that a tall, thin glass of water contains more water than a short, wide glass with the same amount of water.

Question 10

Babies whose mothers smoke tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have:&#10;A)facial abnormalities.&#10;B)low birth weight.&#10;C)Down syndrome.&#10;D)physical deformities such as missing limbs.

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight in babies.

Question 11

Motor development during infancy tends to follow two main guidelines: the _____ rule,whereby motor skills develop from the head to the feet,and the _____ rule,whereby babies learn to control body parts closest to their trunk before moving to the periphery (e.g. ,hands and feet).

A)cephalocaudal;bipedal
B)cephalocaudal;proximodistal
C)proximodistal;cephalocaudal
D)bipedal;proximodistal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Motor development during infancy tends to follow...

Question 12

Which statement BEST defines puberty?&#10;A)It is the stage at which children learn to reason about abstract concepts.&#10;B)It is the failure to understand that the world appears different to different people&#10;C)It refers to the characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity.&#10;D)It is the onset of bodily changes associated with sexual maturity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement BEST defines puberty?&#10;A)It is the...

Question 13

A teenage boy starts shaving because he develops facial hair,which is a _____ sex characteristic.&#10;A)primary&#10;B)secondary&#10;C)tertiary&#10;D)quaternary

Accepted Answer

The answer of A teenage boy starts shaving because he...

Question 14

The heart begins to beat in the _____ stage of prenatal development.&#10;A)germinal&#10;B)embryonic&#10;C)zygotic&#10;D)fetal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heart begins to beat in the...

Question 15

In late adulthood,individuals begin to experience a greater decline in _____ memory than in long-term memory.&#10;A)sensory&#10;B)iconic&#10;C)working&#10;D)semantic

Accepted Answer

The answer of In late adulthood,individuals begin to experience a...

Deck 11: Web Quiz 1