Deck 12: Nursing Care of Patients with Infections

Question 1

A patient is prescribed a trough blood level to evaluate the therapeutic effect of an antibiotic. The nurse realizes that this blood level should be drawn

A)a few minutes before the next scheduled dose of medication.
B)1-2 hours after the oral administration of the medication.
C)30 minutes after the intravenous administration of the medication.
D)during the infusion of the antibiotic.

Answer 1

a few minutes before the next scheduled dose of medication.

Question 2

The nurse is planning care for a patient at risk for developing an infection. Which of the following interventions would the nurse include in this patient's plan of care?

A)wash hands prior to providing care to the patient
B)provide prophylactic antibiotic therapy as prescribed
C)wear a mask when caring for the patient
D)wear a gown and gloves when changing the patient's linen

Answer 2

wash hands prior to providing care to the patient

Question 3

The nurse is instructing a patient on ways to prevent the onset of an infection. Which of the following should be included in these instructions?

A)Wash hands after using disposable tissues for nasal secretions.
B)Reuse disposable razors.
C)Take prescribed antibiotics until symptoms subside.
D)Do not limit interactions with people or crowds.

Answer 3

Wash hands after using disposable tissues for nasal secretions.

Question 4

An elderly patient has a small pressure ulcer located on the coccyx. Which of the following should the nurse do to promote healing of this patient's wound?

A)Encourage high-protein food choices in diet.
B)Limit carbohydrate intake.
C)Encourage high intake of vitamin E.
D)Restrict caloric intake.

Question 5

The nurse, caring for patient diagnosed with a lung infection, realizes that which of the following immunoglobulin levels will be elevated for this patient?

A)immunoglobulin A
B)immunoglobulin M
C)immunoglobulin E
D)immunoglobulin D

Question 6

A patient is receiving intravenous vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile. The nurse assesses the patient for flushing, tachycardia, and hypotension during the infusion this medication because these symptoms indicate which of the following?

A)red man syndrome
B)ototoxicity effect
C)superinfection
D)hives

Question 7

A patient's white blood cell count is 11,000/mm³. The nurse realizes that this value represents which of the following?

A)the total number of circulating leukocytes
B)the total number of circulating neutrophils
C)the total number of circulating eosinophils
D)the total number of circulating basophils

Question 8

Which of the following assessment findings would indicate that a patient is experiencing a systemic reaction associated with an inflammatory response?

A)edematous groin lymph nodes
B)erythema
C)edema
D)pain

Question 9

A patient diagnosed with active tuberculosis is being admitted to the hospital. The nurse should prepare for this patient to be placed in which type of isolation?

A)airborne precautions
B)standard precautions
C)droplet precautions
D)contact precautions

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a positive tuberculosis skin test. The nurse realizes that this response is due to which of the following?

A)performing a cell-mediated inflammatory response
B)promoting phagocytosis of the antigen by neutrophils
C)clumping antigens to form a noninvasive aggregate
D)coating the antigen with antibodies

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with an antibiotic-resistant infection. Which of the following can the nurse do to reduce the spread of this infection?

A)Isolate the supplies used when caring for this patient.
B)Transfer the patient to a semi-private room.
C)Limit exposure to this patient.
D)Restrict visitors and plan activities to coincide with meal delivery times.

Question 12

A patient sustains fractures to the ribs, both femurs, and one humerus. When planning care for this patient's immunologic status, the nurse should include which of the following?

A)Monitor complete blood count daily.
B)Limit food rich in iron.
C)Perform passive range of motion to unaffected extremities.
D)Keep on bed rest.

Question 13

A patient who just delivered a newborn baby is concerned that the baby will "catch" a cold from one healthcare provider who was coughing and sneezing in the delivery room. With which of the following should the nurse respond to this patient?

A)"The baby will have some protection from infections from the time of birth."
B)"The baby should be isolated."
C)"I will be sure to have everyone check the baby's temperature for signs of an infection."
D)"The healthcare provider should not have been participating in your care."

Question 14

A patient tells the nurse that he's happy that his wife did not "catch" the same cold from which he has recently recovered. The nurse realizes that which of the following most likely occurred in his wife?

A)T-helper cells memory of a previous exposure to the same virus that caused the patient's illness
B)T-suppressor cells killed virus cells
C)phagocytosis of the virus by neutrophils
D)release of cytokines

Question 15

The nurse, caring for a patient recovering from a splenectomy, realizes that which of the following will occur regarding this patient's immunity?

A)The liver and bone marrow will take over the spleen's functions.
B)The patient will need to avoid infections every day of his life.
C)The patient will have edematous lymph glands throughout his body.
D)The thymus gland will take over the spleen's functions.

Question 16

A patient recovering from knee surgery is experiencing a surgical infection. Which of the following would indicate that the patient is demonstrating signs of a systemic reaction? Select all that apply.

A)WBC 14,200 mm³
B).10% bands
C)erythema
D)pain at the surgical site
E)respiratory rate of 16

Question 17

The nurse would be concerned that a patient is exhibiting signs and symptoms of inflammation when which of the following are assessed in a leg wound? Select all that apply.

A)leg edema
B)severe pain from swelling
C)severe erythema of leg
D)leg is cool to touch
E)decreased peripheral pulses

Question 18

While reviewing the white blood cell count differential for a patient, the nurse notes that the basophil count is elevated. Which of the following does this laboratory value indicate to the nurse?

A)The patient is experiencing an acute hypersensitivity reaction.
B)The patient has a gastrointestinal infection.
C)The patient is fighting a tuberculosis infection.
D)The patient is fighting cancer.

Question 19

A patient has been intubated to receive care in the intensive care unit. Which of the following types of infections is this patient at risk for developing?

A)pneumonia
B)urinary tract
C)surgical wound
D)intravenous site

Question 20

The nurse is concerned that an elderly patient could be at risk for developing an infection when which of the following interventions is implemented?

A)urinary catheterization
B)applying of anti-embolism stockings
C)ambulation with the assistance of a walker
D)medicate for pain as needed prior to physical therapy

Question 21

A patient asks the nurse, "What's going to happen to me now that my spleen is gone?" What is an appropriate nursing response?

A)"You will have to avoid getting colds and flu."
B)"Your stomach will resume its function."
C)"Your liver and bone marrow will resume its function."
D)"It was not really necessary for you to have a spleen."

Question 22

A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of dyspnea. Based on the analyzing of the data (see chart above), the nurse suspects 11ea992e_0a7a_16a7_9f38_35b31c710775

A)pancytopenia.
B)chronic bacterial infections.
C)a respiratory infection.
D)a hypersensitivity response.

Question 23

A local inflammatory response includes which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)temperature under 96.8⁰ F (36⁰ C)
B)heat at the site of injury
C)increased platelets
D)edema
E)functional impairment

Question 24

A patient who is demonstrating an inflammatory response is prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The nurse realizes that this medication will do which of the following?

A)Increase the production of histamine.
B)Increase the flow of serosanguineous drainage.
C)Reduce the production of serotonin.
D)Reduce prostaglandin synthesis.

Question 25

In caring for a patient with an infection, the nurse provides a stethoscope that remains in the patient's room. Place an "X" where the chain of infection is being interrupted.

Question 26

The nurse is caring for a patient with a localized inflammatory response. Which of the following are stages within the inflammatory response? Select all that apply.

A)basilar
B)cellular
C)vascular
D)tissue Repair

Question 27

A patient who has never experienced a reaction to a bee sting comes into the emergency department with intense edema and redness at the site of the sting. The nurse realizes that this patient is demonstrating which of the following?

A)mobilization of lymphocytic memory T cells
B)activation of granulocytes
C)creation of neutrophils
D)circulation of eosinophils

Question 28

A patient has had skin testing to assess cell-mediated immunity. Place an "X" in the area the nurse will monitor for the next 48 hours.

Question 29

A first exposure to an antigen stimulates the antibody-mediated immunity. The events that occur includes which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)a decrease of antigen-binding fragment (FAB)
B)an antigen begins the process of reaction
C)cloning of memory B cells and plasma cells occurs
D)stimulation of help T cells begins
E)cell division and differentiation occurs

Question 30

A patient has been prescribed cefmetazole (Zefazone). Patient teaching must include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)Take on an empty stomach.
B)Avoid alcohol.
C)Report any hearing loss.
D)Eat yogurt daily.
E)Complete the prescription.

Question 31

A patient develops hyperthermia related to a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which of the following nursing interventions would be effective in the treatment of hyperthermia? Select all that apply.

A)Reduce the temperature of the room environment.
B)Administer antipyretic medications as prescribed.
C)Promote frequent rest periods.
D)Administer ice packs.
E)Restrict fluids.

Question 32

The nurse needs to obtain a sputum specimen for culture and sensitivity from a patient. When should the nurse obtain this specimen?

A)before the first dose of antibiotics is administered
B)immediately after the first dose of antibiotic is administered
C)30 minutes after the first dose of antibiotics is administered
D)during the first dose of antibiotics

Question 33

Linezolid (Zyvox) 600 mg BID, IV has been ordered. The nurse receives 600 mg/300 mL with direction to give over 120 minutes. Available is an IV line that is labeled 15 gtt/mL. The drop rate per minute will be _________().

Question 34

One school district is not requiring vaccinations for children who are starting school. The nurse realizes that this action could cause

A)healthier children.
B)a reduction in the number of colds and flu in the school.
C)adecrease in school costs.
D)an epidemic of an illness that could have been avoided with a vaccination.

Question 35

The nurse needs to change a patient's abdominal wound dressing. Which of the following techniques should be implemented?

A)standard precautions
B)contact precautions
C)droplet precautions
D)airborne precautions

Question 36

A patient with a compromised immune system is admitted to the hospital with an infection. Which of the following will most likely be done to help this patient?

A)Discharge the patient early to recover from the infection at home.
B)Place the patient in a semi-private room only.
C)Utilize isolation techniques to protect the patient from further infection.
D)Place the patient in respiratory isolation.

Question 37

A patient has these laboratory results (see chart above). The nurse recognizes that the patient has 11ea992e_0a79_ef95_9f38_97e4abc3c880

A)adequate nutritional status.
B)a risk for impaired immunity.
C)had an antigen-antibody reaction.
D)an autoimmune disorder.

Question 38

The nurse has completed caring for a patient's indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following should the nurse do after clearing used supplies and removing the gloves?

A)Wash hands with soap.
B)Document the care provided.
C)Prepare medications for the patient.
D)Discuss with the nursing assistant additional care needs for the patient.

Question 39

A patient with a wound has these laboratory results (see chart above). The type of precautions the nurse will place the patient in is 11ea992e_0a7a_16a6_9f38_63b24f1b477c

A)contact.
B)droplet.
C)airborne.
D)reverse.

Question 40

A patient is receiving an aminoglycoside. The nurse would immediately report which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)a history of allergy to penicillins
B)a weight gain of 5 kg in 2 days
C)symptoms of vertigo
D)a fluid intake below 2000 mL/day
E)new order for IV furosemide (Lasix)

Question 41

An elderly patient with a history of lung disease had a pneumococcal vaccination 10 years ago. Which of the following should be done for this patient?

A)Draw a blood culture.
B)Remind the patient that he needs a booster in five more years.
C)Remind the patient that he does not need a flu vaccination.
D)Suggest that the patient have a pneumococcal booster during this visit.

Question 42

A patient who was diagnosed with an infection is prescribed a macrolide antibiotic. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the patient about taking this medication?

A)Take the medication on a full stomach.
B)Take the medication with a glass of milk.
C)Take the medication on an empty stomach.
D)Take the medication with a full glass of juice.

Question 43

A patient who received a vaccination two weeks prior returns to the clinic with a wound at the inoculation site. The nurse realizes that this patient is

A)experiencing a severe local reaction to the inoculation.
B)allergic to the inoculation.
C)scratching the inoculation site.
D)demonstrating signs of the disease that the inoculation was intended to prevent.

Question 44

A patient wants to know why he developed an infection after being cut on the leg with a piece of wood, but his friend who was also cut did not. With which of the following can the nurse explain to this patient?

A)"Maybe the wood that cut the friend wasn't dirty and infected."
B)"You must have an autoimmune disorder."
C)"The organism found you more susceptible to the creation of an infection."
D)"Your friend will get an infection too.It will just occur later."

Question 45

A patient is resisting the use of incentive spirometry postoperatively. Which of the following can be provided as an explanation to the patient for the use of this device?

A)"It will help prevent the development of pneumonia."
B)"It gives you something to do while recovering."
C)"It will prevent you from getting a cold."
D)"The doctor ordered it."

Question 46

A patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas (MRSA) is no longer responding to the medication vancomycin (Vancocin). The nurse realizes that this patient is most likely demonstrating which of the following?

A)a superinfection
B)VISA
C)VRE
D)PRSP

Question 47

The nurse is assessing a patient's arm for inflammation. What are cardinal signs of a localized inflammatory process? Select all that apply.

A)purulent drainage
B)pain
C)hyperemia
D)erythema

Question 48

The nurse is caring for a patient in droplet precautions. Which of the following should the nurse wear when providing care to this patient?

A)head covering and gown
B)shoe covering and gown
C)gloves only
D)mask and eye protection or face shield

Question 49

A patient is having skin testing done to assess for allergies. The nurse realizes that evidence of an exposure to an antigen would be

A)itching at the site.
B)an area of approximately 1 mm of induration and erythema.
C)only evident after five days.
D)an area of greater than 10 mm of induration and erythema.

Question 50

A patient asks the nurse how long it will be before a leg wound heals. The nurse realizes that healing occurs in which three phases? Select all that apply.

A)inflammation
B)deconstruction
C)reconstruction
D)resolution
E)dissolution

Question 51

A patient who is recovering from an infectious process has a poor appetite. Which of the following nutrients is of utmost importance for this patient to ingest to support the healing process?

A)water
B)protein
C)carbohydrates
D)fats