Deck 15: Drugs for Treating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders

Question 1

Schizophrenia is more common in men than women.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Treatment using medications such as Clozaril is generally expensive due to the required monitoring of blood.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Another name for psychiatric drugs is psychotropic medication.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Abilify is a "third-generation" antipsychotic drug.

Question 5

While first-generation antipsychotic drugs are effective in treating delusional behaviour, they are less effective in treating social withdrawal.

Question 6

The concordance rate for schizophrenia is higher in identical twins than it is in fraternal twins.

Question 7

The first generation of drugs for schizophrenia was introduced in the 1960s.

Question 8

Those exposed to long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs have more than a 10% risk of developing tardive dyskinesia.

Question 9

Beginning in the mid-1950s, many schizophrenic patients began to be treated on an outpatient basis.

Question 10

Risperidone (brand name: Risperdal) unfortunately increases the risk of a potentially lethal blood disorder called agranulocytosis.

Question 11

Schizophrenic patients frequently have multiple or split personalities.

Question 12

Schizophrenia is considered to be related to a low level of dopamine activity in the brain.

Question 13

Generally speaking, patients under 50 years of age show a higher incidence of tardive dyskinesia.

Question 14

Tardive dyskinesia often appears in the behaviour of medicated schizophrenics within a day or so.

Question 15

Before the 1950s, one of the principal ways of dealing with schizophrenic patients was through surgical interventions such as prefrontal lobotomies.

Question 16

Weight gain is a side effect of Zyprexa, but not of Risperdal.

Question 17

The incidence of Parkinson's-like symptoms as a side effect of typical antipsychotic drugs implies a dopamine connection in schizophrenia.

Question 18

Clozapine (brand name: Clozaril) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drug.

Question 19

Antipsychotic drugs have a high potential for abuse.

Question 20

Chlorpromazine (brand name: Largactil) is an example of a typical antipsychotic drug.

Question 21

Third-generation antipsychotic drugs do nothing but block D₂ receptors.

Question 22

Drugs that are weak blockers of dopamine are most effective in treating schizophrenia.

Question 23

Third-generation antidepressant drugs act upon both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.

Question 24

Now that we know the neurotransmitters affected, it has been determined that serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are actually MAO-inhibitors.

Question 25

Prozac increases the risk of suicide in adults.

Question 26

Prozac carries a high risk for physical dependence.

Question 27

Fluoxetine (brand name: Prozac) is an example of an antidepressant drug that works in the brain by reducing the activity level of norepinephrine.

Question 28

First-generation antidepressants include MAO inhibitors.

Question 29

Tricyclic antidepressants work in the brain by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Question 30

After a deep period of depression, the likelihood of a suicide attempt is increased during the initial phase of an upswing in mood.

Question 31

Treatment with MAO inhibitors for depression is risky unless the diet is carefully monitored and restricted.

Question 32

Paxil was the first available SSRI for the treatment of depression.

Question 33

Canada ranks first in the world for consumption of antidepressants.

Question 34

An inclination toward depression increases the risk of an attempted suicide.

Question 35

MAO inhibitors inhibit MAO in the brain only; MAO elsewhere in the body is unaffected.

Question 36

Clozapine (brand name: Clozaril) is believed to act in the same way as chlorpromazine (brand name: Largactil) in the brain.

Question 37

Patients being treated for cardiovascular disorders should avoid taking Prozac.

Question 38

Taking too much L-DOPA (anti-Parkinson's drug) can result in symptoms of schizophrenia in Parkinson's patients.

Question 39

Depression is a mood disorder.

Question 40

Patients under treatment with fluoxetine (brand name: Prozac) run an increased risk of seizures.

Question 41

Antipsychotic drugs generally refer to drugs used to treat __________.

A) mental illness in general
B) schizophrenia
C) depression
D) depression and extreme anxiety

Question 42

Tricyclic antidepressant drugs act on enzymes in the synapse.

Question 43

An individual who has a split personality or multiple personalities is diagnosed as having __________.

A) depression
B) schizophrenia
C) a dissociative disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 44

Off-label usage is an illegal practice.

Question 45

Prior to the 1960s, the severely mentally ill had been mostly treated through large-scale institutionalization.

Question 46

Psychotic behaviour has been shown to result from __________.

A) mercury poisoning
B) lead poisoning
C) caffeinism
D) lithium poisoning

Question 47

It may be possible that depression is expressed in different neurochemical ways in different people.

Question 48

The biomedical model assumes that __________.

A) schizophrenia is different from mood disorders
B) psychiatrists are not the appropriate professionals to supervise psychotropic medication
C) schizophrenia can be cured
D) mental illness is a result of biochemical processes in the brain

Question 49

Lithium carbonate has potential toxic effects to the thyroid gland and kidneys.

Question 50

The biomedical model takes into consideration __________.

A) adverse sociological factors
B) psychodynamic factors
C) cognitive factors
D) none of the above

Question 51

If there is a strong genetic component to schizophrenia in families, the concordance for identical twins should be __________.

A) higher than the concordance for fraternal twins
B) lower than the concordance for fraternal twins
C) equivalent to the concordance for fraternal twins
D) about 80%

Question 52

The antipsychotic drug Risperdal is approved by Health Canada for use in controlling aggressive behaviour in the autistic children and adolescents.

Question 53

Mercury poisoning can lead to __________.

A) fatigue
B) anxiety
C) dementia
D) all of the above

Question 54

Second-generation antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of bipolar disorder should not be administered to elderly patients with dementia, on the basis of evidence showing an elevated risk of death from cardiovascular disease or infections such as pneumonia.

Question 55

Lithium carbonate has been a major drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Question 56

According to the text, the number of patients with severe mental illness who are in prison is a major social concern.

Question 57

MAO molecules stimulate the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin at the synapse where they operate.

Question 58

The overall risk of suicide among children and adolescents taking SSRI antidepressants is low.

Question 59

Deinstitutionalization was greatly accelerated by the expansion of federal Welfare programs.

Question 60

Some second-generation antipsychotic drugs have been shown to be useful in treating bipolar disorder.

Question 61

A belief that is clearly not rooted in reality is referred to as a(n) __________.

A) delusion
B) hallucination
C) alliteration
D) illusion

Question 62

Schizophrenic hallucinations are most frequently __________.

A) auditory
B) visual
C) a synesthesia-type blend of auditory and visual sensations
D) somatosensory

Question 63

Large doses of antipsychotic drugs __________.

A) produce euphoria
B) have high potential for psychological dependence
C) impair breathing
D) do not produce tolerance

Question 64

According to the text, side effects of first-generation antipsychotic drugs include all but which of the following?

A) oversensitization of the skin
B) extreme nausea and dehydration
C) blurred vision
D) weight gain

Question 65

Overall, the prevalence rate of schizophrenia is approximately ________ of the Canadian adult population.

A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 5%
D) 8%

Question 66

Schizophrenia __________.

A) affects more women than men
B) affects more men than women
C) appears at a younger age in men than women
D) appears at a younger age in women than men

Question 67

Alfred was sitting in the dayroom; however, his posture was rigid, nonflexible, and he seemed almost stuck in position. This symptom would be best described as ____________.

A) catatonia
B) melancholia
C) euphoria
D) dysphoria

Question 68

If you lived in a small town with a population of 3000, how many individuals in this population would be expected by chance alone to be schizophrenic?

A) 1 or 2
B) about 3
C) about 10
D) about 30

Question 69

Deinstitutionalization __________.

A) refers to a policy of limited hospitalizations of mental patients
B) has resulted in an increase in the number of hospitalized schizophrenic patients
C) has helped to cure countless numbers of schizophrenic patients
D) all of the above

Question 70

Following 1955, the resident population in mental hospitals in the United States and Canada decreased by 50% as a result of __________.

A) the introduction of antipsychotic drugs
B) neurosurgical interventions
C) deinstitutionalization
D) both A and C

Question 71

What is true about the typical antipsychotic drugs?

A) They are not very effective in reducing apathy.
B) They are effective in treating social consciousness disorder.
C) They are not very effective in reducing delusional behaviour.
D) They do not have serious side effects.

Question 72

In most cases, schizophrenic patients take their medication __________.

A) orally
B) intravenously
C) intramuscularly
D) sublingually

Question 73

Some schizophrenics experience __________.

A) multiple personalities
B) dissociative disorders
C) feelings of paranoia
D) visual hallucinations

Question 74

Largactil, Haldol, Navane, and Majeptil are all examples of __________.

A) typical antidepressants
B) typical antipsychotic drugs
C) atypical antidepressants
D) atypical antipsychotic drugs

Question 75

According to the text, in 1955 hospital admission statistics in Canada resembled those in the United States, where about _______ of all admitted hospital patients were there for psychiatric reasons.

A) 20%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 76

Antipsychotic drugs have a low potential for abuse since they do not produce __________.

A) tolerance
B) euphoria
C) craving or psychological dependence
D) all of the above

Question 77

Catatonia refers to __________.

A) a jerky movement of the lower limbs
B) a trance-like state in which the body remains immobile
C) a set of delusions characteristic of schizophrenia
D) a profound level of mental depression despite normal body movement

Question 78

The peak in the number of hospitalized psychiatric patients in the United States and Canada was reached around __________.

A) 1905
B) 1938
C) 1955
D) 1982

Question 79

With antipsychotic medication, agitated patients become more _______ and withdrawn patients become more _______.

A) relaxed; withdrawn
B) agitated; sociable
C) relaxed; sociable
D) agitated; withdrawn

Question 80

Prior to the mid-1950s, the principal option for treating schizophrenia was __________.

A) to administer drugs like Largactil or Haldol
B) to administer CNS stimulants like cocaine
C) to sedate patients with drugs like barbiturates
D) to allow schizophrenics to heal themselves