Deck 14: Going Green: Environmental Sociology

Question 1

What was Canada's total fertility rate for 2016?

A) 1.6
B) 3.5
C) 4.6
D) 5.5

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the population checks discussed in the text?

A) migration
B) war
C) birth control practices
D) sexual abstention

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Ruth and Gary have their own vegetable garden,and buy meat from the butcher,who is supplied by local farmers.What goal are Ruth and Gary trying to achieve through their effort to eat locally?

A) increase their food's "fresh quotient"
B) increase their food miles
C) reduce their food costs
D) reduce their "carbon footprint"

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What was the famous prediction made by Thomas Malthus?

A) The earth's population would reach 20 million by the year 2000.
B) The geometric growth of population would outstrip the earth's food supply.
C) The earth's population will resolve its environmental problems by relocating to another planet.
D) Rising sea levels will decimate the coastal populations of several nations.

Question 5

What do we find when we compare Canada and the United States with respect to overshoot and biocapacity?

A) Both Canada and the United States have a biocapacity greater than their footprint.
B) Neither Canada nor the United States have a biocapacity lower than their footprint.
C) While Canada has a biocapacity greater than its footprint,the United States has a footprint larger than its biocapacity.
D) While Canada has a footprint larger than its biocapacity,the United States has a biocapacity larger than its footprint.

Question 6

According to the text,who would seek answers to the question "Exactly how many people can Earth sustain"?

A) demographers
B) environmentalists
C) ecologists
D) urban anthropologists

Question 7

Country X is on the verge of war because of a food shortage.If the country goes to war and 1,000,000 people die,the food shortage problem will be solved regardless of which side wins the war.According to the text,the war would then be considered which of the following?

A) a tragedy
B) a political strategy
C) a population principle
D) a population check

Question 8

Which term do we use to describe the total area of land and water ecosystem needed in order to produce the resources consumes and the waste that the population generates?

A) ecological niche
B) population environment
C) ecological footprint
D) environmental setting

Question 9

According to the text,which term refers to the steady and ongoing depletion of ecological resources as opposed to an abrupt and dramatic end to life on earth?

A) biological divergence
B) calculation of biocapacity
C) ecological overrun
D) ecological overshoot

Question 10

Based on the Malthusian perspective,which of the following would be a preventive check on population?

A) famine
B) birth control
C) migration
D) moral restraint

Question 11

According to Thomas Malthus,what would happen if the population was left unchecked?

A) We would exceed the available land supply.
B) We would exceed the available food supply.
C) We would exceed the ecological balance.
D) We would exceed the earth's water supply.

Question 12

According to the text,what is the mission of the World Wildlife Fund Canada (WWF-Canada)?

A) to stop environmental degradation and help achieve sustainable growth
B) to reduce carbon footprints to near zero
C) to improve water quality in underdeveloped countries
D) to promote environmentally conscious living in all countries

Question 13

What do we need to meet the demand for the resources that we currently use?

A) 1.3 planets by next year
B) 1.3 planets by 2030
C) 2 planets by next year
D) 2 planets by 2030

Question 14

Based on the Malthusian perspective,which of the following is a likely outcome of overpopulation?

A) The population experiences more wealth.
B) Fewer inequalities exist.
C) More countries go to war over resources.
D) The world will exceed its human carrying capacity.

Question 15

Emanuel has just finished a study in Alberta that indicates how much wind power must be captured if fossil fuel consumption is to decline,while still maintaining the standard of living.According to the text,what is Emanuel trying to manipulate?

A) urban sprawl
B) overpopulation
C) the ecological footprint
D) the carbon footprint

Question 16

According to the text,what is a population check?

A) a system to estimate a local population
B) a system to estimate world population
C) a factor that limits population growth
D) a factor that assists with population growth

Question 17

According to the text,which type of country is considered to be a significant offender with ecological footprints higher than the global average?

A) countries that burn large amount of coals to make energy for industry and population use
B) countries whose populations are not educated about recycling,about the overconsumption of renewable resources and polluting agents
C) developed countries with high incomes
D) developing countries with economies and services that are not yet capable of structured and concerted conservation programs

Question 18

How does the text define demography?

A) the study of urban living
B) the study of cities
C) the study of people
D) the study of human populations

Question 19

Glen and Hanna are working on a report that describes the rate that humans are consuming the earth's recourses.They have discovered that the earth currently needs about one-and-a-half planets to sustain itself.Which term refers to this phenomenon?

A) biological divergence
B) biocapacity overshoot
C) ecological overshoot
D) ecological overrun

Question 20

Which of the following best defines a carbon footprint?

A) a method for identifying and keeping track of behaviours that negatively impact the environment through greenhouse gas production
B) an estimate for gauging how much land and water area a human population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes
C) a method for identifying and keeping track of the waste (regardless of its source)that negatively impacts society
D) an estimate of how much waste is added to landfill sites each year,based on garbage collection and landfill studies

Question 21

Judy decided that her career was very important to her and that having children would jeopardize her advancement.Therefore,she decided not to have any children.Which ongoing phenomenon is Judy's decision part of?

A) the feminist prerogative theory
B) the demographic transition
C) the antidomestic syndrome
D) professional prioritization

Question 22

Which of the following is the 4th stage of the demographic transition?

A) preindustrial stage
B) industrial stage
C) postindustrial stage
D) Malthusian stage

Question 23

Which condition is characteristic of Stage 1 of the demographic transition?

A) high fertility rates and high death rates
B) high fertility rates and low death rates
C) low fertility rates and high death rates
D) low fertility rates and low death rates

Question 24

Overconsumption is a rate of consumption of resources at a rate that exceeds which of the following?

A) the demographic transition rate
B) sustainability
C) industrial production
D) population growth

Question 25

Sanjay has takeout meals for lunch every day.He goes to the local food court and brings his meal back to his desk.When he is finished lunch,he throws out the styrofoam containers and plastic utensils.According to the text,this practice is part of what kind of society?

A) disposable
B) consumable
C) luxury-oriented
D) service-oriented

Question 26

According to the text,which term refers to societies characterized by an excess of manufactured products that are used for only a short period and then discarded?

A) disposable societies
B) waste-heavy societies
C) carbon-heavy societies
D) environmentally irresponsible societies

Question 27

Heidi loves to text and send pictures to her friends.Every year for her birthday her parents give her a new phone with the latest technology.According to the text,Heidi acts like many people who live in what kind of a society?

A) advanced
B) technological
C) disposable
D) careless

Question 28

Which of the following relates to Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

A) postindustrialization
B) early industrialization
C) advanced industrialization
D) preindustrial societies

Question 29

If Dallin lived in Edmonton,Vancouver,Sudbury,or St.John's,he would reside in the same type of area as approximately what percentage of Canadians?

A) 35 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 30

What is the best measure of a country's economic and social development in terms of factors such as health care,education and proper sanitation?

A) mortality rate
B) birth rate
C) infant mortality rate
D) fertility rate

Question 31

Which statement best describes the human carrying capacity of earth?

A) It was exceeded during Malthus's own lifetime.
B) It was made much worse by modern technology.
C) It was not exceeded even in modern times.
D) It could in reality support a population of earth double what it currently is.

Question 32

Which country is in the early industrialization stage?

A) Bangladesh
B) Peru
C) Iceland
D) Thailand

Question 33

The Conservation Council of New Brunswick invites a leading environmentalist to speak at its annual general meeting.He tells the audience that the planet is rapidly approaching an environmental tipping point,a place beyond which the global ecosystem will not be able to sustain life.Which term best characterizes this view?

A) point of no return
B) carrying capacity
C) ecological limits
D) doomsday scenario

Question 34

Which of the following relates to Stage 1 of the demographic transition theory?

A) postindustrialization
B) early industrialization
C) advanced industrialization and urbanization
D) preindustrial societies

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an example of greenwashing?

A) sin of the hidden tradeoff
B) sin of no proof
C) sin of excessive packaging
D) sin of vagueness

Question 36

How is the concept of "carrying capacity" best defined?

A) maximum economic growth based on a country's birth rate and immigration
B) minimum economic growth appropriate for a country's birth rate and geography
C) optimum population the planet can support under current environmental conditions
D) optimum population growth,given the value of a country's natural resources

Question 37

Which description corresponds to preindustrial societies?

A) societies that burn large amount of coals
B) societies with agriculture-based economies
C) societies that are largely governed by religiously based sociopolitical and cultural systems
D) societies with economies and services that are not yet capable of structured and coordinated industry

Question 38

According to the text,which term refers to a situation when natural resources are used at a rate that allows for natural replenishment?

A) sustainability
B) eco-friendly
C) carbon footprint
D) ecological footprint

Question 39

Some African nations have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development.What term describes this process?

A) zero population growth
B) population lag
C) demographic transition
D) modernization

Question 40

Significant population growth due to high birth rates and lower death rates is typical of which stage of demographic transition?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 41

According to the text,what is the main problem with the "green" products that are flooding into the marketplace?

A) The products are too expensive for the average consumer.
B) The stores are unable to keep up with consumer demand.
C) Ottawa is insisting on regulation,which is reducing access for the consumer.
D) The products are not living up to their "green" claims.

Question 42

According to the text,what was highlighted by the first wave of environmentalism?

A) ozone depletion and acid rain
B) survival of all life forms
C) industrialization and population growth
D) sustainability

Question 43

Which paradigm assumes that the rational application of technology is the solution to our environmental problems?

A) Human Exemptionalism Paradigm
B) New Environmental Paradigm
C) Ecological Exception Paradigm
D) Contemporary Enviro-ecological Paradigm

Question 44

Which form of greenwashing gives the false impression of third party endorsements?

A) sin of fibbing
B) sin of worshipping false labels
C) sin of lesser of two evils
D) sin of irrelevance

Question 45

Global warming is often described in terms of which of the following?

A) an endless summer
B) a global heat wave
C) a greenhouse effect
D) intensive luminosity

Question 46

A wealthy industrialist protests against government regulations forcing a clean-up of his polluting processes.He argues that the clean-up will cost too much and that it is humanity's right to have mastery over the environment.Which term best defines his position?

A) ethnocentric
B) anthropocentric
C) self-centredness
D) capitalist

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT an example of an environmental refugee?

A) people driven out of their homes by wildfires
B) people leaving a high risk flood zone
C) people moving to a resource rich environment to improve their standard of living
D) people moving away from a hurricane zone

Question 48

Roughly how many people in the world lack access to fresh water?

A) 10 million
B) 50 million
C) 100 million
D) One billion

Question 49

According to the text,which term refers to the Earth's atmospheric heating?

A) global warming
B) environmental warming
C) ozone-attentive causation
D) secondary ozone effect

Question 50

According to the text,which of the following promotes the idea that humans are able to overcome problems through technical innovation?

A) an environmental paradigm
B) a social-constructionist paradigm
C) a human exemptionalism paradigm
D) a economic-prosperity paradigm

Question 51

When did the Canadian government establish the Department of the Environment?

A) 1961
B) 1971
C) 1991
D) 2001

Question 52

According to the text,how should the hole in the ozone layer properly be regarded?

A) as a form of environmental degradation
B) as a social construction
C) as an exaggeration of what is actually a manageable problem
D) as a kind of urban legend

Question 53

The ABC Company claims that using its cleaning products helps the environment when in fact it does not help but hinders the ecological chain.According to the text,what term is used for this false advertising?

A) greenwashing
B) green impressionism
C) enviro-falsification
D) eco-fabrication

Question 54

According to the text,what term is used when a company misleads the consumer in terms of the environmental benefits of using a particular product?

A) enviro-fiction
B) greenwashing
C) false-greening
D) impressionable greening

Question 55

According to the text,which concern was NOT a prominent part of the second wave of environmentalism?

A) acid rain
B) global warming
C) alternative energy sources
D) pesticide use

Question 56

Which paradigm has anthropocentrism as a central theme?

A) Human Exemptionalism Paradigm
B) New Environmental Paradigm
C) Ecological Exception Paradigm
D) Contemporary Enviro-ecological Paradigm

Question 57

According to the text,which term refers to the concept that humans are separate from and superior to all other natural things?

A) anthropocentrism
B) biocentric egalitarianism
C) Gaia hypothesis
D) superorganism hypothesis

Question 58

When will access to safe drinking water be a significant issue for at least two-thirds of the world's population?

A) 2017
B) 2025
C) 2050
D) 2075

Question 59

Karl ran across a report that focused on the possible adverse reactions to non-biodegradable pesticides.According to the text,during which wave of environmentalism was it likely written?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 60

Jeremy was shopping in his favourite supermarket.He was trying to be environmentally conscious of his purchases.He specifically looked for products labelled as "all natural." Unfortunately,the majority of products labelled as "all natural" fall under one of the seven sins of greenwashing.Under which of the seven sins does the term "all natural" fall?

A) sin of irrelevance
B) sin of fibbing
C) sin of no proof
D) sin of vagueness

Question 61

Alphonse and Justyn joined a group of environmental activists who marched in front of the Canadian Parliament buildings and then in front of the Alberta Legislature to protest the further development of the "oil sands" in Alberta.According to the text,why is extracting oil from bituminous sands,or "oil sands," a contentious process?

A) It is very dangerous to human workers because of the fumes and gases emitted during the extraction processes.
B) It produces more greenhouse gas than conventional oil extraction processes.
C) The cost of extraction is much higher than conventional oil extraction processes.
D) It contributes to the overall high price Canadians pay for fuel.

Question 62

As City X grew,a new source of energy was needed to power the increasing number of factories and homes.A wind farm was built and companies were given subsidies to use solar power.Which concept includes the logic behind developing wind and solar power rather than using oil or coal?

A) modern urban expansion
B) resource conservation
C) sustainable development
D) environmental conservation

Question 63

According to the text,which term refers to the study of the interdependence between humans and the natural environment?

A) the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP)
B) the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm (HEP)
C) the Green Environmental Paradigm (GEP)
D) the Natural Environmental Paradigm (NEP)

Question 64

Which paradigm criticizes classical theories for failing to consider the environment?

A) Human Exemptionalism Paradigm
B) New Ecological Paradigm
C) Ecological Exception Paradigm
D) Contemporary Enviro-ecological Paradigm

Question 65

Demography is the study of cities and urban development.

Question 66

Coal,a polluting fossil fuel,has been rebranded as "clean coal," with controlled emissions and open-pit mines reclaimed for green space.Advocates claim coal is necessary for economic growth,while being environmentally friendly.What term identifies this approach?

A) energy independence
B) sustainable development
C) zero-sum energy analysis
D) environmental science

Question 67

According to the text,which term refers to development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet its own needs?

A) environmental conscience
B) eco-friendly inventions
C) positive environmentality
D) sustainable development

Question 68

The rains caused such terrible flooding and destruction in country Z that people had to leave their homes and move into the mountains.According to the text,which term refers to these migrants?

A) green migrants
B) eco-migrants
C) eco-refugees
D) environmental refugees

Question 69

Why were the Alberta oil sands also known as the Avatar Sands?

A) The director of the film Avatar,James Cameron,lent his support to efforts of local residents to bring attention to environmental issues.
B) Pollutants in the air and water led to the skin of some people developing a bluish tint.
C) The plot line of the film Avatar was similar to the real-life situation in the oil sands.
D) Avatar was the name of the company which was heavily involved in the oil sands project.

Question 70

The United Nations adopted an agenda for sustainable development in 2015.By what year is it intended that the agenda be achieved?

A) 2030
B) 2050
C) 2100
D) 2150

Question 71

According to the text,which theoretical approach would argue that industry,humans,and the environment can coexist provided everyone works together to protect the environment?

A) functionalist
B) critical
C) feminist
D) interactionist

Question 72

Which term describes the economic system's need for increasing profits through consumer demand?

A) unsustainable development
B) consumer needs system
C) industrialism
D) treadmill of production

Question 73

Which claim is made by advocates of sustainable development?

A) There should be a national standard requiring the use of incandescent light bulbs.
B) If Canadians increased their use of disposable batteries the savings on electricity would be substantial.
C) Too much time has been spent dwelling on and dealing with the ecological mistakes of the past.
D) We must take into account if future generations will be able to meet their needs.

Question 74

A young woman decries the spoiling of the earth's natural environment,claiming that male-dominated industry embodies practices that are the antithesis of Mother Nature's nurturing and regenerative ways.Which environmentalist category best fits this person's views?

A) deep ecology
B) ecofeminism
C) sustainable development
D) Gaia hypothesis

Question 75

Which term refers to chemicals that stay intact in the environment for long periods,become widely distributed geographically,accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms,and are toxic to human and wildlife?

A) persistent organic pollutant
B) non-biodegradable environmental threat
C) toxic environmental substance
D) poisonous ecological danger

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations included in the textbook as a type of "better" environmental choice?

A) Walk,ride a bike,or take the bus more often.
B) Eat more slowly to reduce waste.
C) Limit your exposure to toxins.
D) Take more showers than baths.

Question 77

According to the text,what is the basic perspective of ecofeminism?

A) Exploiting women and dominating the environment are associated phenomena.
B) Biocentric egalitarianism is a capitalist response to environmental problems.
C) Materialists are less communal and more likely to accept environmental degradation.
D) Degradation of the environment can be stopped by choosing import substitutions.

Question 78

Which statement does NOT accurately describe sustainable development?

A) Sustainable development requires making a determination of the relative important of economic goals social and environmental goals.
B) Sustainable development is more likely in a healthy environment with a generous supply of contained fossil fuels.
C) Sustainable development is most likely to be achieved in a society with a very small middle class.
D) Sustainable development is more likely to be achieved in a healthy economy which involves multiple buyers and sellers.

Question 79

What idea represents a major attempt to bridge the difference between the dominant and alternative environmental outlooks?

A) eco-terrorism
B) conquering nature
C) sustainable development
D) human exemptionalism

Question 80

The earth is beyond its carrying capacity and to sustain itself humanity would require 3.5 planets.