Question 1

&#34;You should have seen it! First the car flipped over and then it exploded! I will never forget it!&#34; What type of memory may have just formed in this eyewitness?&#10;A)Flashbulb&#10;B)Implicit&#10;C)Semantic&#10;D)Procedural

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that the eyewitness experienced a highly emotional and significant event, which typically characterizes a flashbulb memory. This type of memory is typically vivid and long-lasting, as it is formed in response to an emotionally-charged event.

Question 2

Oscar is writing a fictional autobiography.He is combining real events with those that could have happened,as well as a few creative additions.In terms of the memory system,this approach is most similar to

A)the three systems of memory.
B)parallel distributed processing.
C)reconstructive memory.
D)implicit memory.

reconstructive memory.

Accepted Answer

The approach of combining real events with imaginative additions in writing a fictional autobiography is most similar to the concept of reconstructive memory, where an individual can recall a memory with the influence of their prior knowledge, experiences and understanding, resulting in alteration and reconstruction of the original memory.

Question 3

Who is most likely suffering from retrograde amnesia?&#10;A)Billy,who can't seem to learn a foreign language&#10;B)Mariana,who struggles to remember the names of the people she just met&#10;C)Cecil,who can't remember much of anything after his wife died&#10;D)Margie,who can't remember much of anything prior to being attacked on the street after a late-night party

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia refers to a type of amnesia where individuals cannot remember events that occurred before the onset of amnesia. Margie is the only person in the options given who cannot remember events prior to a specific incident.

Question 4

In long-term memory,the _____ memory division does not require much effort or attention to recall information.&#10;A)procedural&#10;B)episodic&#10;C)visual-spatial&#10;D)prospective

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is responsible for remembering how to do certain tasks or activities, such as riding a bike, typing, or playing an instrument. Once the skill is learned, it does not require much effort or attention to recall the information, making it a type of implicit memory.

Question 5

When one attempts to recreate a retrieval environment that is as similar as possible to the initial encoding,or learning,environment as possible,he or she is making use of the principle of&#10;A)distributed practice.&#10;B)encoding specificity.&#10;C)parsimony.&#10;D)priming.

Accepted Answer

The principle of encoding specificity states that memory retrieval is more effective when the retrieval environment is similar to the learning environment. Recreating a retrieval environment that is as similar as possible to the initial encoding environment is an example of utilizing the principle of encoding specificity.

Question 6

Just before taking your French I exam you were reviewing 5 terms that you had missed on the last vocabulary test.When you get to your exam,you find that you have an easy time answering several questions because they are related terms you just studied.This is an example of the

A)primacy effect.
B)von Restorff effect.
C)serial position effect.
D)recency effect.

Accepted Answer

The recency effect describes how people tend to remember the most recently presented information best. In this scenario, the terms you reviewed just before the exam are the most recent information, making them easier to recall during the test.

Question 7

Although you have never taken a class with Dr.Hua,you walk into class,sit down,open your notebook,and wait for the professor to begin his lecture.What concept is being illustrated?&#10;A)Schema&#10;B)Storage&#10;C)Priming&#10;D)Primacy effect

Accepted Answer

Schema refers to a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information. In this scenario, your actions upon entering the classroom are guided by your pre-existing knowledge or schema of what typically happens in a classroom setting, even though you have not had a class with this specific professor before.

Question 8

According to your textbook,some proponents of Scientology have suggested that negative statements overheard by fetuses,embryos,and even zygotes can be "reactivated" in adulthood,triggering low self-esteem and psychology difficulties.The research,however,has failed to support these claims.Which principle of critical thinking is best demonstrated by this example?

A)Occam's razor
B)Replicability
C)Extraordinary claims
D)Correlation vs.causation

Accepted Answer

The principle of "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" is best demonstrated in this example. The claim that negative statements overheard by fetuses, embryos, and even zygotes can affect adults lacks empirical support, highlighting the need for significant evidence when making such extraordinary claims.

Question 9

As we age,our ability to recognize the strengths and limitations of our own memories improves.This is known as&#10;A)meta-cognition.&#10;B)meta-memory.&#10;C)permastore.&#10;D)transience.

Accepted Answer

Meta-memory refers to an individual's knowledge about whether or not they would be able to remember something correctly in the future. It is a form of meta-cognition specifically related to memory, encompassing the understanding and awareness of one's own memory capabilities, including the strengths and limitations of one's memory as one ages.

Question 10

With regard to the idea of patients' memories being shaped by suggestive psychotherapy techniques,psychologists&#10;A)are in agreement that this frequently happens.&#10;B)are in agreement that this rarely happens.&#10;C)are divided about whether such memories are real or false memories.&#10;D)need more evidence to demonstrate that false memories can be implanted.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists are divided about whether memories elicited through suggestive psychotherapy techniques are real or constitute false memories. This division stems from differing interpretations of research findings and theoretical perspectives on memory recall and suggestibility.

Deck 7: Memory