Deck 18: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Which element has no stable nuclides?

A)Bromine
B)Zinc
C)Iron
D)Uranium

Answer 1

Uranium

Question 2

Gamma radiation has

A)a mass of 4 amu.
B)a charge of +2.
C)a charge of -1.
D)neither mass nor charge.

Answer 2

neither mass nor charge.

Question 3

As the pressure exerted on a gaseous radioisotope increases,its half-life

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Answer 3

remains the same.

Question 4

Which is not affected as it passes through an electromagnetic field?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma

Question 5

A beta particle has

A)a mass of 4 amu.
B)a charge of +4.
C)a charge of -1.
D)neither mass nor charge.

Question 6

The curie,which is the unit used to express the amount of radioactivity produced by an element,is based on the amount of disintegrations per second undergone by 1 gram of

A)pure uranium.
B)pure hydrogen.
C)pure helum.
D)pure radium.

Question 7

Calculate the nuclear binding energy for using the following information: proton mass = 1.0073 g/mol
Neutron mass = 1.0087 g/mol
Electron mass = 0.00055 g/mol = 15.0001 g/mol
1)0 g = 9.0 10¹³ J

A)1.3 10¹¹ J/mol
B)9.0 10⁹ J/mol
C)1.1 10¹³ J/mol
D)8.1 10¹³ J/mol

Question 8

An alpha particle has

A)a mass of 2 amu.
B)a mass of 4 amu.
C)a charge of -1.
D)neither mass nor charge.

Question 9

As the pressure exerted on a gaseous radioisotope increases,its mode of decay

A)changes from alpha to beta.
B)changes from beta to alpha.
C)changes from either alpha or beta to gamma.
D)remains the same.

Question 10

As the temperature of a solid radioisotope increases,its mode of decay

A)changes from alpha to beta.
B)changes from beta to alpha.
C)changes from either alpha or beta to gamma.
D)remains the same.

Question 11

All nuclides of which element must be radioactive?

A)Strontium
B)Plutonium
C)Arsenic
D)Sulfur

Question 12

The mass of an alpha particle is

A)1 amu
B)2 amu
C)3 amu
D)4 amu

Question 13

The charge of an alpha particle is

A)+1
B)+2
C)-1
D)0

Question 14

Which particles are deflected towards the positive side of an electromagnetic field?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma

Question 15

Nuclei with atomic number up to about twenty will be stable if their neutron : proton ratio is approximately

A)1 : 1
B)2 : 1
C)1 : 2
D)3 : 1

Question 16

Calculate the nuclear binding energy for using the following information: proton mass = 1.0073 g/mol
Neutron mass = 1.0087 g/mol
Electron mass = 0.00055 g/mol = 14.0032 g/mol
1)0 g = 9.0 10¹³ J

A)2.9 10¹¹ J/mol
B)9.9 10¹² J/mol
C)7.6 10¹² J/mol
D)8.5 10¹² J/mol

Question 17

A nucleon is

A)the sum of all the subatomic particles in an atom.
B)all of the protons in the nucleus.
C)the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
D)all of the neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 18

The instrument used to measure ionizing radiation is a

A)radioactive counter.
B)Curie counter.
C)Roentgen counter.
D)Geiger counter.

Question 19

An alpha particle consists of

A)one proton and one neutron.
B)one proton and two neutrons.
C)two protons and one neutron.
D)two protons and two neutrons.

Question 20

Which particles are deflected towards the negative side of an electromagnetic field?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma

Question 21

I-131 decays by beta decay to produce

A)Te-131
B)Sb-127
C)Xe-131
D)Cs-135

Question 22

How many neutrons are in the nucleus of cobalt-60?

A)29
B)31
C)27
D)33

Question 23

Kr-85 decays by beta decay to produce

A)Br-88
B)Rb-85
C)Se-81
D)Sr-89

Question 24

In which type of reaction do the nuclei of two light elements unite to form a heavier nucleus?

A)Fission
B)Fusion
C)Alpha decay
D)Beta decay

Question 25

Gamma radiation has a charge of

A)0
B)-1
C)+2
D)+4

Question 26

The charge of a beta particle is

A)+1
B)+2
C)-1
D)0

Question 27

Which form of nuclear emission requires the least amount of shielding to provide protection from radiation injury?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma

Question 28

What type of emission causes Sr-90 to decay to Y-90?

A)Positron
B)Gamma
C)Alpha
D)Beta

Question 29

How many neutrons are in the nucleus of phosphorus-32?

A)17
B)19
C)15
D)13

Question 30

Which form of nuclear emission requires the greatest amount of shielding to provide protection from radiation injury?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma

Question 31

In which type of reaction does a heavy nucleus absorb a neutron,split to form two or more intermediate sized fragments,and release at least two neutrons?

A)Alpha decay
B)Beta decay
C)Fission
D)Fusion

Question 32

U-235 decays by alpha decay to produce

A)Pu-237
B)Th-233
C)Pu-239
D)Th-231

Question 33

What type of emission causes C-14 to decay to N-14?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Positron
D)Gamma

Question 34

How many protons are in the nucleus of potassium-42?

A)15
B)19
C)23
D)42

Question 35

Gamma radiation has a mass of

A)0
B)1 amu
C)2 amu
D)4 amu

Question 36

How many protons are in the nucleus of radon-222?

A)222
B)86
C)136
D)88

Question 37

A beta particle consists of

A)one proton.
B)one neutron.
C)one electron.
D)two protons and two neutrons.

Question 38

Fr-220 decays by alpha decay to produce

A)Ac-216
B)At-216
C)Ac-224
D)At-224

Question 39

What type of emission causes Pu-239 to decay to U-235?

A)Gamma
B)Beta
C)Positron
D)Alpha

Question 40

What type of emission causes Ra-226 to decay to Rn-222?

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma
D)Positron

Question 41

In an artificial transmutation process,a nucleus of Be-9 absorbs a proton,emits a particle, and is converted into Li-6.What was the particle emitted?

A)A proton
B)A neutron
C)An electron
D)An alpha particle

Question 42

What is the half-life of a radioisotope if a 0.800 g sample decays to 0.100 g in 12.0 minutes?

A)4.00 minutes
B)3.00 minutes
C)36.0 minutes
D)48.0 minutes

Question 43

In an artificial transmutation process,a nucleus of Be-9 absorbs an alpha particle,emits a particle,and is converted into C-12.What was the particle emitted?

A)A proton
B)A neutron
C)A beta particle
D)A positron

Question 44

A radioisotope has a half-life of 7.0 days.What fraction of the original mass will remain after 21.0 days?

A)1/2
B)1/4
C)1/8
D)1/16

Question 45

A 4.0 g sample of Ra-226 decays to 1.0 g.If the half-life of Ra-226 is 1620 years,how much time has elapsed?

A)540 years
B)810 years
C)3240 years
D)4860 years

Question 46

The half-life of Au-198 is 2.7 days.What mass of Au-198 will remain unchanged if a 12.0 g sample decays for 13.5 days?

A)12.0 g
B)0.750 g
C)384 g
D)0.375 g

Question 47

The half-life of Au-198 is 2.7 days.After 10.8 days of decay only 1.30 g of a sample remains.What was the mass of the original sample?

A)0.0183 g
B)0.163 g
C)10.4 g
D)20.8 g

Question 48

In an artificial transmutation process,a nucleus of Al-27 is absorbs an alpha particle and emits a neutron.What is the new nuclide formed?

A)Na-30
B)Mg-23
C)P-29
D)P-30

Question 49

The half life of Sr-90 is 28 years.After 56 years of decay only 0.40 g of a sample remains.What was the mass of the original sample?

A)0.10 g
B)0.050 g
C)1.6 g
D)3.2 g

Question 50

A radioisotope has a half-life of 6.0 hours.What fraction of the original mass will remain after 12.0 hours?

A)1/2
B)1/4
C)1/8
D)1/16

Question 51

In an artificial transmutation process,a nucleus of Al-27 absorbs a neutron,emits an alpha particle,and is converted into a new nuclide.What is the new nuclide formed?

A)Mg-28
B)Na-24
C)P-30
D)Na-28

Question 52

The half-life of Sr-90 is 28 years.What mass of Sr-90 will remain unchanged if a 4.0 g sample decays for 84 years?

A)1.00 g
B)12.0 g
C)0.500 g
D)16.0 g

Question 53

In a fusion reaction a nucleus of H-3 and a nucleus of H-1 combine to form a nucleus of

A)He-4
B)H-4
C)H-2
D)Li-4

Question 54

What is the half-life of a radioisotope if a 12.0 g sample decays to 3.00 g in 13.0 days?

A)4.33 days
B)6.50 days
C)26.0 days
D)39.0 days

Question 55

A nucleus of Pu-239 absorbs a neutron,undergoes fission,and produces two fission fragments and three neutrons.One fission fragment is Ba-147,what is the other?

A)Rb-88
B)Kr-91
C)Rb-89
D)Sr-90

Question 56

A nucleus of U-235 absorbs a neutron,undergoes fission,and produces two fission fragments and three neutrons.One fission fragment is Ba-142,what is the other?

A)Kr-91
B)Sr-90
C)Rb-88
D)Br-92

Question 57

When Tc-99 emits gamma radiation,the remaining nucleus is

A)Tc-99
B)Ru-99
C)Mo-99
D)Nb-95

Question 58

In a fusion reaction two nuclei of H-2 combine to form a nucleus of

A)H-4
B)He-4
C)He-2
D)Li-4

Question 59

When Kr-85 emits gamma radiation,the remaining nucleus is

A)Rb-85
B)Se-81
C)Kr-85
D)Rb-84

Question 60

A 6.0 g sample of Ra-223 decays to 0.75 g.If the half-life of Ra-223 is 11.7 days,how much time has elapsed?

A)35.1 days
B)2.93 days
C)46.8 days
D)3.90 days

Question 61

The half-life of Sn-121 is 10 days.If you started with 40.g of this isotope,how much would be left 30 days later?

A)10.g
B)None
C)15 g
D)5.0 g

Question 62

Which of the following is a property of very stable nuclide?

A)Large mass defects
B)Large nuclear binding energy
C)A very large proton/neutron ratio
D)A very small half-life

Question 63

In a nuclear reactor,the purpose of the control rods is to

A)convert steam into electricity.
B)capture neutrons to slow the rate of fission.
C)cool the steam generated by the reactor.
D)produce neutrons to increase the rate of fission.

Question 64

Bismuth-214 can be formed by either alpha or beta decay.The two isotopes that can do this are

A)Po-214 and At-218
B)Pb-214 and Tl-210
C)Po-218 and Bi-210
D)Pb-214 and At-218

Question 65

The nuclear emission with the least penetrating power is

A)alpha.
B)beta.
C)gamma.

Question 66

If Pa-234 loses a beta particle the resulting isotope is

A)Ac-230
B)Th-234
C)U-234
D)Th-235

Question 67

If U-235 absorbs a neutron it can undergo fission and produce

A)Sr and Pb
B)Cd and Kr
C)Ba and Xe
D)Ba and Kr

Question 68

Which statement does not describe nuclear fusion?

A)This reaction occurs at very high temperatures
B)This reaction uses uranium as a fuel
C)This reaction converts mass into energy
D)This reaction does not occur naturally on Earth

Question 69

In the following nuclear reaction the missing product is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 70

The term "mass defect" stands for

A)the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons.
B)the difference between the mass of the protons and the neutrons in a nucleus and the mass of the nucleus.
C)the difference between the mass of the atom and the mass of the nucleus.
D)the difference between the mass of the most abundant nuclide and the least abundant nuclide.

Question 71

After a nuclear decay,a particle is 4 mass units lighter than it was originally.The original particle most likely

A)lost a neutron.
B)lost a proton.
C)lost an alpha particle.
D)lost a beta particle.

Question 72

The half-life of Sn-110 is 4 hours.If you have 20.g of this isotope,how much would remain 8 hours later?

A)40.g
B)5.0 g
C)10.g
D)80.g

Question 73

The higher the binding energy of a nucleus

A)the more stable the nucleus is.
B)the least stable the nucleus is.
C)the larger the probability of nuclear fission.
D)the larger the probability of the nucleus emitting gamma radiation.

Question 74

The nuclear emission called an alpha particle is composed of

A)gamma rays.
B)positrons.
C)electrons.
D)a helium nucleus.

Question 75

One of the major obstacles to the production of energy using nuclear fusion is

A)the temperatures required for the ignition.
B)the ability to control the huge amounts of energy generated.
C)the large amounts of radioactive nuclides produced.
D)the unavailability of the starting materials.

Question 76

If Rn-222 loses an alpha particle the resulting isotope is

A)Pb-218
B)At-222
C)Fr-222
D)Po-218

Question 77

In a nuclear reaction

A)mass is lost.
B)mass is gained.
C)mass is converted into energy.
D)energy is converted into mass.

Question 78

The nuclear emission with the greatest penetrating power is

A)alpha.
B)beta.
C)gamma.

Question 79

Breeder reactors

A)manufacture fuel.
B)make use of nuclear fission.
C)use uranium as a starting material.
D)all of the above

Question 80

Which is true about ionizing radiation?

A)It dislocates bonding electrons and creates ions
B)It can damage DNA molecules
C)Both large acute doses and small chronic doses are harmful
D)All the above are true