Deck 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

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Question
Fetal hematopoiesis occurs primarily in which structure?

A)Gut
B)Spleen
C)Bone marrow
D)Thymus
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Question
What is the life span of platelets (in days)?

A)10
B)30
C)90
D)120
Question
What does the student learn about erythrocytes?

A)Erythrocytes contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
B)Erythrocytes synthesize proteins.
C)Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
D)Erythrocytes are more abundant in women than men.
Question
Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells?

A)Lymphocytes
B)Plasma cells
C)Megakaryocytes
D)Natural killer (NK) cells
Question
What are blood cells that differentiate into macrophages known as?

A)Monocytes
B)Neutrophils
C)Eosinophils
D)Basophils
Question
What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?

A)20 to 30
B)60 to 90
C)100 to 120
D)200 to 240
Question
By which structure are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?

A)Liver
B)Lymph nodes
C)Thymus
D)Spleen
Question
A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason?

A)B lymphocytes proliferate.
B)The nodes are inflamed.
C)The nodes fill with purulent exudate.
D)The nodes are not properly functioning.
Question
What is plasmin's role in the clotting process?

A)Stimulates platelet aggregation.
B)Inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation.
C)Prevents the conversion of prothrombin to degrade the fibrin within blood clots.
D)Degrades the fibrin within blood clots.
Question
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?

A)Globulin
B)Albumin
C)Clotting factors
D)Complement proteins
Question
Which of these is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hemostasis?

A)Stimulates the release of fibrinogen to maintain the platelet plug.
B)Stimulates the release of clotting factors V and VII.
C)Causes vasoconstriction and stimulates platelet aggregation.
D)Controls platelet activation through in concert with prostacyclin.
Question
The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

A)Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III)
B)Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
C)Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot
D)Degrading the fibrin within blood clots
Question
A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate?

A)The lack of certain foods in your diet
B)Your body cannot absorb vitamin B₁₂.
C)You are not getting enough vitamin C.
D)Your bone marrow has stopped working.
Question
What are granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, called?

A)Neutrophils
B)Eosinophils
C)Monocytes
D)Basophils
Question
What is the effect of low plasma albumin?

A)Clotting factors decrease, thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding.
B)Fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized, thus impairing the immune function.
C)Less iron is stored, thus increasing the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
D)Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium.
Question
What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA₂) in the secretion stage of hemostasis?

A)Stimulates the synthesis of serotonin.
B)Promotes vasodilation.
C)Stimulates platelet aggregation.
D)Promotes formation of cyclooxygenase.
Question
A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia?

A)Iron
B)Erythropoietin
C)Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
D)Folate
Question
Which hemoglobin is made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and lacks the ability to bind oxygen?

A)Deoxyhemoglobin
B)Oxyhemoglobin
C)Methemoglobin
D)Glycosylated hemoglobin
Question
Which of these are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?

A)Monocytes
B)Platelets
C)Macrophages
D)Erythrocytes
Question
What is the consequence of a splenectomy?

A)The level of iron in circulation increases.
B)Antibody production increases to improve immune function.
C)The number of defective cells in circulation increases.
D)The number of clotting factors increases.
Question
What are the primary anticoagulant mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)

A)Antithrombin III
B)Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
C)Hematopoiesis
D)Protein C
E)Phagocytosis
Question
Which form of iron (Fe) can be used in the formation of normal hemoglobin?

A)Fe⁺
B)Fe²⁺
C)Fe³⁺
D)Fe⁴⁺
Question
Which statements characterize albumin? (Select all that apply.)

A)It retains sodium to maintain water balance.
B)It provides colloid osmotic pressure.
C)It is synthesized in the liver.
D)It is a carrier for drugs that have low water solubility.
E)It is a small molecule.
Question
What does the student learn regarding the role of the endothelium in clot formation? (Select all that apply.)

A)The surface of the endothelium produces plasma protease inhibitors.
B)Plasma protease inhibitors assist in preventing clot formation.
C)Thrombomodulin is a protein that is converted on the surface of endothelial cells.
D)Protein A binds to thrombomodulin.
E)Activated protein C enhances the adhesion ability of neutrophils.
Question
Soon after birth, a newborn has cord blood drawn which shows hemoglobin of 28.2 mg/dL. What does the healthcare professional understand about this finding?

A)The baby suffered from hypoxia in utero.
B)This is a normal finding from cord blood.
C)The newborn needs a blood transfusion.
D)The infant's bone marrow is immature.
Question
Where are Kupffer cells located?

A)Kidneys
B)Liver
C)Pancreas
D)Spleen
Question
Which nutrients are necessary for hemoglobin synthesis? (Select all that apply.)

A)Protein
B)Iron
C)B6 (pyridoxine)
D)Vitamin C
E)Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
F)Pantothenic acid
Question
What is the function of erythrocytes?

A)Tissue oxygenation
B)Hemostasis
C)Infection control
D)Allergy response
Question
Which statements about plasma proteins are correct? (Select all that apply.)

A)Provide clotting factors.
B)Transport triglycerides.
C)Synthesize complement proteins.
D)Create hydrostatic pressure.
E)Transport cholesterol.
Question
What change to the hematologic system is related to age?

A)Platelet adhesiveness decreases.
B)Lymphocyte function decreases.
C)Cellular immunity increases.
D)Erythrocyte reproduction accelerates.
Question
What does the student learn about the role of collagen in the clotting process?

A)Initiates the clotting cascade
B)Activates platelets
C)Stimulates fibrin
D)Deactivates fibrinogen
Question
The student learns that Langerhans cells are only found in which organ?

A)Skin
B)Intestinal lining
C)Kidney
D)Thyroid
Question
Which nutrients are necessary for the synthesis of DNA and the maturation of erythrocytes? (Select all that apply.)

A)Protein
B)Iron
C)Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
D)Folate
E)Pantothenic acid
Question
Which characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)

A)Permanent shape
B)Compactness
C)Reversible deformability
D)Presence of hyperactive mitochondria
E)Biconcavity
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Deck 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
1
Fetal hematopoiesis occurs primarily in which structure?

A)Gut
B)Spleen
C)Bone marrow
D)Thymus
Spleen
2
What is the life span of platelets (in days)?

A)10
B)30
C)90
D)120
10
3
What does the student learn about erythrocytes?

A)Erythrocytes contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
B)Erythrocytes synthesize proteins.
C)Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
D)Erythrocytes are more abundant in women than men.
Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
4
Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells?

A)Lymphocytes
B)Plasma cells
C)Megakaryocytes
D)Natural killer (NK) cells
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
What are blood cells that differentiate into macrophages known as?

A)Monocytes
B)Neutrophils
C)Eosinophils
D)Basophils
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?

A)20 to 30
B)60 to 90
C)100 to 120
D)200 to 240
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
By which structure are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?

A)Liver
B)Lymph nodes
C)Thymus
D)Spleen
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason?

A)B lymphocytes proliferate.
B)The nodes are inflamed.
C)The nodes fill with purulent exudate.
D)The nodes are not properly functioning.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
What is plasmin's role in the clotting process?

A)Stimulates platelet aggregation.
B)Inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation.
C)Prevents the conversion of prothrombin to degrade the fibrin within blood clots.
D)Degrades the fibrin within blood clots.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?

A)Globulin
B)Albumin
C)Clotting factors
D)Complement proteins
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
Which of these is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hemostasis?

A)Stimulates the release of fibrinogen to maintain the platelet plug.
B)Stimulates the release of clotting factors V and VII.
C)Causes vasoconstriction and stimulates platelet aggregation.
D)Controls platelet activation through in concert with prostacyclin.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

A)Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III)
B)Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
C)Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot
D)Degrading the fibrin within blood clots
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate?

A)The lack of certain foods in your diet
B)Your body cannot absorb vitamin B₁₂.
C)You are not getting enough vitamin C.
D)Your bone marrow has stopped working.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
What are granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, called?

A)Neutrophils
B)Eosinophils
C)Monocytes
D)Basophils
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
What is the effect of low plasma albumin?

A)Clotting factors decrease, thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding.
B)Fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized, thus impairing the immune function.
C)Less iron is stored, thus increasing the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
D)Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA₂) in the secretion stage of hemostasis?

A)Stimulates the synthesis of serotonin.
B)Promotes vasodilation.
C)Stimulates platelet aggregation.
D)Promotes formation of cyclooxygenase.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia?

A)Iron
B)Erythropoietin
C)Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
D)Folate
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Which hemoglobin is made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and lacks the ability to bind oxygen?

A)Deoxyhemoglobin
B)Oxyhemoglobin
C)Methemoglobin
D)Glycosylated hemoglobin
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
Which of these are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?

A)Monocytes
B)Platelets
C)Macrophages
D)Erythrocytes
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
What is the consequence of a splenectomy?

A)The level of iron in circulation increases.
B)Antibody production increases to improve immune function.
C)The number of defective cells in circulation increases.
D)The number of clotting factors increases.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
What are the primary anticoagulant mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)

A)Antithrombin III
B)Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
C)Hematopoiesis
D)Protein C
E)Phagocytosis
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
Which form of iron (Fe) can be used in the formation of normal hemoglobin?

A)Fe⁺
B)Fe²⁺
C)Fe³⁺
D)Fe⁴⁺
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
Which statements characterize albumin? (Select all that apply.)

A)It retains sodium to maintain water balance.
B)It provides colloid osmotic pressure.
C)It is synthesized in the liver.
D)It is a carrier for drugs that have low water solubility.
E)It is a small molecule.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
What does the student learn regarding the role of the endothelium in clot formation? (Select all that apply.)

A)The surface of the endothelium produces plasma protease inhibitors.
B)Plasma protease inhibitors assist in preventing clot formation.
C)Thrombomodulin is a protein that is converted on the surface of endothelial cells.
D)Protein A binds to thrombomodulin.
E)Activated protein C enhances the adhesion ability of neutrophils.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
Soon after birth, a newborn has cord blood drawn which shows hemoglobin of 28.2 mg/dL. What does the healthcare professional understand about this finding?

A)The baby suffered from hypoxia in utero.
B)This is a normal finding from cord blood.
C)The newborn needs a blood transfusion.
D)The infant's bone marrow is immature.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
Where are Kupffer cells located?

A)Kidneys
B)Liver
C)Pancreas
D)Spleen
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Which nutrients are necessary for hemoglobin synthesis? (Select all that apply.)

A)Protein
B)Iron
C)B6 (pyridoxine)
D)Vitamin C
E)Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
F)Pantothenic acid
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
What is the function of erythrocytes?

A)Tissue oxygenation
B)Hemostasis
C)Infection control
D)Allergy response
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
Which statements about plasma proteins are correct? (Select all that apply.)

A)Provide clotting factors.
B)Transport triglycerides.
C)Synthesize complement proteins.
D)Create hydrostatic pressure.
E)Transport cholesterol.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
What change to the hematologic system is related to age?

A)Platelet adhesiveness decreases.
B)Lymphocyte function decreases.
C)Cellular immunity increases.
D)Erythrocyte reproduction accelerates.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
What does the student learn about the role of collagen in the clotting process?

A)Initiates the clotting cascade
B)Activates platelets
C)Stimulates fibrin
D)Deactivates fibrinogen
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
The student learns that Langerhans cells are only found in which organ?

A)Skin
B)Intestinal lining
C)Kidney
D)Thyroid
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
Which nutrients are necessary for the synthesis of DNA and the maturation of erythrocytes? (Select all that apply.)

A)Protein
B)Iron
C)Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
D)Folate
E)Pantothenic acid
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
Which characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)

A)Permanent shape
B)Compactness
C)Reversible deformability
D)Presence of hyperactive mitochondria
E)Biconcavity
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.