Deck 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Question 1

Which atom has the smallest number of neutrons?

A)carbon-14
B)nitrogen-14
C)oxygen-16
D)fluorine-19
E)neon-20

Answer 1

nitrogen-14

Question 2

All atoms of a given element have the same __________.

A)mass
B)number of protons
C)number of neutrons
D)number of electrons and neutrons
E)density

Answer 2

number of protons

Question 3

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which is/are electrically charged?

A)β-rays
B)α-rays and β-rays
C)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
D)α-rays
E)α-rays and γ-rays

Answer 3

α-rays and β-rays

Question 4

Which statement below correctly describes the responses of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation to an electric field?

A)Both beta and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while alpha shows no response.
B)Both alpha and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while beta shows no response.
C)Both alpha and beta are deflected in the same direction, while gamma shows no response.
D)Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response.
E)Only alpha is deflected, while beta and gamma show no response.

Question 5

Which one of the following is not true concerning cathode rays?

A)They originate from the negative electrode.
B)They travel in straight lines in the absence of electric or magnetic fields.
C)They impart a negative charge to metals exposed to them.
D)They are made up of electrons.
E)The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted.

Question 6

Which one of the following is not one of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory?

A)Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
B)All atoms of a given element are identical; the atoms of different elements are different and have different properties.
C)Atoms of an element are not changed into different types of atoms by chemical reactions: atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
D)Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms.
E)Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.

Question 7

A molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass. This is a statement of __________.

A)the law of multiple proportions
B)the law of constant composition
C)the law of conservation of mass
D)the law of conservation of energy
E)none of the above

Question 8

__________-rays consist of fast-moving electrons.

A)Alpha
B)Beta
C)Gamma
D)X
E)none of the above

Question 9

Of the following, the smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the __________.

A)neutron
B)proton
C)electron
D)nucleus
E)alpha particle

Question 10

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which is/are not particles?

A)β-rays
B)α-rays and β-rays
C)α-rays
D)γ-rays
E)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays

Question 11

The gold foil experiment performed in Rutherford's lab __________.

A)confirmed the plum-pudding model of the atom
B)led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus
C)was the basis for Thomson's model of the atom
D)utilized the deflection of beta particles by gold foil
E)proved the law of multiple proportions

Question 12

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which is/are not electrically charged?

A)α-rays
B)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
C)γ-rays
D)α-rays and β-rays
E)α-rays and γ-rays

Question 13

The charge on an electron was determined in the __________.

A)cathode ray tube, by J. J. Thompson
B)Rutherford gold foil experiment
C)Millikan oil drop experiment
D)Dalton atomic theory
E)atomic theory of matter

Question 14

In the absence of magnetic or electric fields, cathode rays __________.

A)do not exist
B)travel in straight lines
C)cannot be detected
D)become positively charged
E)bend toward a light source

Question 15

Which pair of substances could be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A)SO₂, H₂SO₄
B)CO, CO₂
C)H₂O, O₂
D)CH₄, C₆H₁₂O₆
E)NaCl, KCl

Question 16

Of the three types of radioactivity characterized by Rutherford, which are particles?

A)β-rays
B)α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays
C)γ-rays
D)α-rays and γ-rays
E)α-rays and β-rays

Question 17

Cathode rays are __________.

A)neutrons
B)x-rays
C)electrons
D)protons
E)atoms

Question 18

Consider the following selected postulates of Dalton's atomic theory: (i)Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
(ii)Atoms are indivisible.
(iii)Atoms of a given element are identical.
(iv)Atoms of different elements are different and have different properties.
Which of the postulates is(are)no longer considered valid?

A)(i)and (ii)
B)(ii)only
C)(ii)and (iii)
D)(iii)only
E)(iii)and (iv)

Question 19

In the Rutherford nuclear-atom model, __________.

A)the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
B)the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons)all have essentially the same mass
C)the light subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
D)mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
E)the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons)all have essentially the same mass and mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom

Question 20

Cathode rays are deflected away from a negatively charged plate because __________.

A)they are not particles
B)they are positively charged particles
C)they are neutral particles
D)they are negatively charged particles
E)they are emitted by all matter

Question 21

In the symbol shown below, x = __________. C

A)7
B)13
C)12
D)6
E)not enough information to determine

Question 22

In the symbol below, x is __________. C

A)the number of neutrons
B)the atomic number
C)the mass number
D)the isotope number
E)the elemental symbol

Question 23

An atom of the most common isotope of gold, ¹⁹⁷Au, has __________ protons, __________ neutrons, and __________ electrons.

A)197, 79, 118
B)118, 79, 39
C)79, 197, 197
D)79, 118, 118
E)79, 118, 79

Question 24

Which isotope has 45 neutrons?

A) Kr
B) Br
C) Se
D) Cl
E) Rh

Question 25

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of __________ but differing number of __________.

A)protons, electrons
B)neutrons, protons
C)protons, neutrons
D)electrons, protons
E)neutrons, electrons

Question 26

Which combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons is correct for the isotope of copper, ?

A)29 p⁺, 34 n°, 29 e^-
B)29 p⁺, 29 n°, 63 e^-
C)63 p⁺, 29 n°, 63 e^-
D)34 p⁺, 29 n°, 34 e^-
E)34 p⁺, 34 n°, 29 e^-

Question 27

The nucleus of an atom does not contain __________.

A)protons
B)protons or neutrons
C)neutrons
D)subatomic particles
E)electrons

Question 28

Which one of the following basic forces is so small that it has no chemical significance?

A)weak nuclear force
B)strong nuclear force
C)electromagnetism
D)gravity
E)Coulomb's law

Question 29

In the symbol below, X = __________. X

A)N
B)C
C)Al
D)K
E)not enough information to determine

Question 30

In the symbol below, x = __________. C

A)19
B)13
C)6
D)7
E)not enough information to determine

Question 31

Different isotopes of a particular element contain different numbers of __________.

A)protons
B)neutrons
C)protons and neutrons
D)protons, neutrons, and electrons
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 32

The nucleus of an atom contains __________.

A)electrons
B)protons
C)neutrons
D)protons and neutrons
E)protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 33

Which isotope has 36 electrons in an atom?

A) Kr
B) Br
C) Se
D) Cl
E) Hg

Question 34

Which pair of atoms constitutes a pair of isotopes of the same element?

A) X X
B) X X
C) X X
D) X X
E) X X

Question 35

Which atom has the largest number of neutrons?

A)phosphorus-30
B)chlorine-37
C)potassium-39
D)argon-40
E)calcium-40

Question 36

The atomic mass unit is presently based on assigning an exact integral mass (in amu)to an isotope of __________.

A)hydrogen
B)oxygen
C)sodium
D)carbon
E)helium

Question 37

There are __________ electrons, __________ protons, and __________ neutrons in an atom of .

A)132, 132, 54
B)54, 54, 132
C)78, 78, 54
D)54, 54, 78
E)78, 78, 132

Question 38

Silver has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following isotopic masses: Ar Ar 106.90509 108.9047
The average atomic mass of silver is 107.8682 amu. The fractional abundance of the lighter of the two isotopes is __________.

A)0.24221
B)0.48168
C)0.51835
D)0.75783
E)0.90474

Question 39

Different isotopes of a particular element contain the same number of __________.

A)protons
B)neutrons
C)protons and neutrons
D)protons, neutrons, and electrons
E)subatomic particles

Question 40

Gravitational forces act between objects in proportion to their __________.

A)volumes
B)masses
C)charges
D)polarizability
E)densities

Question 41

In the periodic table, the elements are arranged in __________.

A)alphabetical order
B)order of increasing atomic number
C)order of increasing metallic properties
D)order of increasing neutron content
E)reverse alphabetical order

Question 42

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is __________ amu.

A)219.7
B)220.4
C)220.42
D)218.5
E)221.0

Question 43

Element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is __________ amu.

A)41.54
B)39.68
C)39.07
D)38.64
E)33.33

Question 44

Elements __________ exhibit similar physical and chemical properties.

A)with similar chemical symbols
B)with similar atomic masses
C)in the same period of the periodic table
D)on opposite sides of the periodic table
E)in the same group of the periodic table

Question 45

Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?

A)H, Li
B)Cs, Ba
C)Ca, Sr
D)Ga, Ge
E)C, O

Question 46

Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?

A)O, S
B)C, N
C)K, Ca
D)H, He
E)Si, P

Question 47

An element that appears in the lower left corner of the periodic table is __________.

A)either a metal or metalloid
B)definitely a metal
C)either a metalloid or a non-metal
D)definitely a non-metal
E)definitely a metalloid

Question 48

Which pair of elements below should be the most similar in chemical properties?

A)C and O
B)B and As
C)I and Br
D)K and Kr
E)Cs and He

Question 49

The average atomic weight of copper, which has two naturally occurring isotopes, is 63.5. One of the isotopes has an atomic weight of 62.9 amu and constitutes 69.1% of the copper isotopes. The other isotope has an abundance of 30.9%. The atomic weight (amu)of the second isotope is __________ amu.

A)63.2
B)63.8
C)64.1
D)64.8
E)28.1

Question 50

Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties?

A)As, Br
B)Mg, Al
C)I, At
D)Br, Kr
E)N,O

Question 51

Elements in the same group of the periodic table typically have __________.

A)similar mass numbers
B)similar physical properties only
C)similar chemical properties only
D)similar atomic masses
E)similar physical and chemical properties

Question 52

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The isotopic masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is __________ amu.

A)161.75
B)162.03
C)162.35
D)163.15
E)33.33

Question 53

Vanadium has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁵⁰V with an atomic mass of 49.9472 amu and ⁵¹V with an atomic mass of 50.9440. The atomic weight of vanadium is 50.9415. The percent abundances of the vanadium isotopes are __________% ⁵⁰V and __________% ⁵¹V.

A)0.25, 99.75
B)99.75, 0.25
C)49, 51
D)1.0, 99
E)99, 1.0

Question 54

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The isotopic masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is __________ amu.

A)33.33
B)55.74
C)56.11
D)57.23
E)56.29

Question 55

The elements in groups 1A, 6A, and 7A are called, __________, respectively.

A)alkaline earth metals, halogens, and chalcogens
B)alkali metals, chalcogens, and halogens
C)alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases
D)alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and halogens
E)halogens, transition metals, and alkali metals

Question 56

An element in the upper right corner of the periodic table __________.

A)is either a metal or metalloid
B)is definitely a metal
C)is either a metalloid or a non-metal
D)is definitely a non-metal
E)is definitely a metalloid

Question 57

The element X has two naturally occurring isotopes. The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is __________ amu.

A)30.20
B)33.20
C)34.02
D)35.22
E)32.73

Question 58

Which one of the following does not occur as diatomic molecules in elemental form?

A)oxygen
B)nitrogen
C)sulfur
D)hydrogen
E)bromine

Question 59

The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The masses (amu)and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is __________ amu.

A)17.20
B)16.90
C)17.65
D)17.11

Question 60

An unknown element is found to have three naturally occurring isotopes with atomic masses of 35.9675 (0.337%), 37.9627 (0.063%), and 39.9624 (99.600%). Which of the following is the unknown element?

A)Ar
B)K
C)Cl
D)Ca
E)None of the above could be the unknown element.

Question 61

Which compounds do not have the same empirical formula?

A)C₂H₂, C₆H₆
B)CO, CO₂
C)C₂H₄, C₃H₆
D)C₂H₄O₂, C₆H₁₂O₆
E)C₂H₅COOOCH₃, CH₃CHO

Question 62

Which species has 54 electrons?

A) Xe⁺
B) Te^2-
C) Sn²⁺
D) Cd
E) Xe²⁺

Question 63

Which species has 16 protons?

A)"³¹P"
B)"³⁴S^2-"
C)"³⁶Cl"
D)"⁸⁰Br^-"
E)"¹⁶O"

Question 64

Formulas that show how atoms are attached in a molecule are called __________.

A)molecular formulas
B)ionic formulas
C)empirical formulas
D)diatomic formulas
E)structural formulas

Question 65

Which one of the following molecular formulas is also an empirical formula?

A)C₆H₆O₂
B)C₂H₆SO
C)H₂O₂
D)H₂P₄O₆
E)C₆H₆

Question 66

Which type of formula provides the most information about a compound?

A)empirical
B)molecular
C)simplest
D)structural
E)chemical

Question 67

Which one of the following is most likely to lose electrons when forming an ion?

A)F
B)P
C)Rh
D)S
E)N

Question 68

The molecular formula of a compound is always __________ the empirical formula.

A)more complex than
B)different from
C)an integral multiple of
D)the same as
E)simpler than

Question 69

Which species has 18 electrons?

A)"³⁹K"
B)"³²S^-2"
C)"³⁵Cl"
D)"²⁷Al⁺³"
E)"⁶⁴Cu⁺²"

Question 70

A molecular formula always indicates __________.

A)how many of each atom are in a molecule
B)the simplest whole-number ratio of different atoms in a compound
C)which atoms are attached to which in a molecule
D)the isotope of each element in a compound
E)the geometry of a molecule

Question 71

There are __________ protons, __________ neutrons, and __________ electrons in ¹³¹I^-.

A)131, 53, and 54
B)131, 53, and 52
C)53, 78, and 54
D)53, 131, and 52
E)78, 53, and 72

Question 72

Which species has 48 electrons?

A) Sn⁺²
B) Sn⁺⁴
C) Cd⁺²
D) Ga
E) Ti

Question 73

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic?

A)SF₆
B)H₂O
C)H₂O₂
D)NH₃
E)CaO

Question 74

The species __________ contains 16 neutrons.

A)"³¹P"
B)"³⁴S^2-"
C)"³⁶Cl"
D)"⁸⁰Br^-"
E)"¹⁶O"

Question 75

Which species is an isotope of ³⁹Cl?

A)"⁴⁰Ar⁺"
B)"³⁴S^2-"
C)"³⁶Cl^-"
D)"⁸⁰Br"
E)"³⁹Ar"

Question 76

An empirical formula always indicates __________.

A)which atoms are attached to which in a molecule
B)how many of each atom are in a molecule
C)the simplest whole-number ratio of different atoms in a compound
D)the isotope of each element in a compound
E)the geometry of a molecule

Question 77

Of the following, __________ contains the greatest number of electrons.

A)P³⁺
B)P
C)P^2-
D)P^3-
E)P²⁺

Question 78

There are __________ protons, __________ neutrons, and __________ electrons in ²³⁸U⁺⁵.

A)146, 92, and 92
B)92, 146, and 87
C)92, 146, and 92
D)92, 92, and 87
E)146, 92, and 146

Question 79

Of the choices below, which one is not an ionic compound?

A)PCl₅
B)MoCl₆
C)RbCl
D)PbCI₂
E)NaCl

Question 80

Which one of the following species has as many electrons as it has neutrons?

A)"¹H"
B)"⁴⁰Ca²⁺"
C)"¹⁴C"
D)"¹⁹F^-"
E)"¹⁴C²⁺"