Deck 20: The Baroque in Italy: The Church and Its Appeal

Question 1

What is the canzona's dominant rhythm?

A)Short-long
B)Long-short-short
C)Long-long
D)Short-long-long

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Why did Gabrieli organize his compositions around a single note-the tonic note?

A)To heighten the sense of harmonic drama
B)To allow more pitch for the voices
C)To create effects of sonority in a cathedral
D)To enable the words to be heard over the music

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In his Cornaro Chapel sculptural program,with what did Bernini equate Saint Teresa's religious visions?

A)Spiritual rebirth
B)Duality of body
C)Sexual orgasm
D)Ecstatic dancing

Answer 3

D

Question 4

While his coworkers constructed his designs,what hobby did Bernini pursue?

A)Flower cultivation at the Villa Borghese
B)Writing plays and designing stage sets
C)Amateur archaeology in Rome's ruins
D)Composing canzonas for religious services

Question 5

What effect does Caravaggio achieve with light in The Calling of Saint Matthew?

A)Transforms the calling into a miracle
B)Identifies which of the subjects is Matthew
C)Shows Jesus bringing the light to sinners
D)Makes Jesus's entrance seem threatening

Question 6

Why did Caravaggio portray his subjects in The Calling of Saint Matthew in attire of his time,not Jesus's?

A)To use richer colors and brushstrokes
B)To conform to other paintings in the series
C)To enable the audience to identify with them
D)To portray the painting's patrons realistically

Question 7

Why did Pope Urban VIII commission a baldachino (canopy)for Saint Peter's interior?

A)To cover Saint Paul's tomb
B)To define the altar space
C)To crown the papal throne
D)To encircle Michelangelo's Pietà

Question 8

What did Bernini aim to symbolize with his oval colonnade that encloses Vatican Square?

A)The world converging at the church
B)The classical tradition of the church
C)The motherly arms of the church
D)The expansive reach of the church

Question 9

Why did Bernini include theater boxes on each side his Cornaro Chapel sculptural program?

A)To allow visitors to have a better view of Saint Teresa
B)To create preferential seating for the Cornaro family
C)To emphasize his design's high drama
D)To provide extra seating for the churchgoers

Question 10

Why did the Baroque artists place elements on a diagonal,not the Renaissance frontal and parallel planes?

A)To evoke a sense of depth
B)To induce more defined shadows
C)To produce a sense of action
D)To provide more balance

Question 11

How did Fra Andrea Pozzo create the highly dramatic space in Triumph of Saint Ignatius of Loyola?

A)Chiaroscuro
B)Tenebrism
C)Foreshortening
D)Invisible complement

Question 12

Why did Bernini decorate the baldachino's grooved columns with bronze vines?

A)To symbolize the union of the Old and New Testaments
B)To create a sense of naturalism on the columns
C)To emphasize the blending of classical and Italian design
D)To draw the viewers' eyes upward along the spirals

Question 13

Why was the division between the Council of Trent-rejected secular music and religious compositions less pronounced in Venice?

A)It traditionally had ignored papal authority
B)It had a large Protestant population
C)It was too far from Rome for any to notice
D)It was not a part of the Holy Roman Empire

Question 14

What did Bernini intend his Four Rivers Fountain to represent?

A)Triumph of the Roman Catholic Church over the world's rivers
B)Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III's defeat of Egypt
C)Domination of the Roman Catholic Church over paganism
D)The Roman Catholic Church's position as the center of the world

Question 15

What is the meaning of the Portuguese term barroco,from which "Baroque" likely derived?

A)Flamboyant
B)Misshapen pearl
C)Ecstasy
D)Sailor

Question 16

Why was Baroque originally used in a derogatory way to describe this new style?

A)It was associated with the common people
B)It was very expensive to create
C)It defied the Council of Trent's directives
D)It was seen as too ornate and strange

Question 17

What is a defining characteristic of Baroque art?

A)Attention to viewers' emotional experience of a work
B)Return to the forms and proportions of classical art
C)Focus on the symbolic meaning of a work
D)Absence of excessive decoration and sensuousness

Question 18

What technique that contrasts large areas of dark with smaller illuminated areas did Caravaggio master?

A)Chiaroscuro
B)Tenebrism
C)Foreshortening
D)Invisible complement

Question 19

Why was Artemesia Gentileschi so obsessed with the biblical story of Judith beheading Holofernes that she painted five versions of it?

A)Gentileschi was of Jewish descent
B)Judith was the female equivalent of David
C)Judith was a female artist
D)Gentileschi had been raped

Question 20

Which of the following is not a way Giovanni Gabrieli aimed to make church music more emotionally engaging?

A)Playing two organs against each other
B)Placing the four choirs in separate areas
C)Adding the first all-female ensemble to the choir
D)Using brass and wood instruments in the music

Question 21

Describe Bernini's colonnade enclosure of Vatican Square,and explain how it defines the Baroque style.

Question 22

As reported in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why did Louis XIV reject Bernini's design for a new façade for the Louvre?

A)It looked too similar to the Vatican colonnade
B)It was too simple and classically inspired
C)It would be too expensive to build
D)It was too elaborate and ornate

Question 23

Using one sculpture,one painting,and one musical composition,explain the artists' achievement of Baroque drama-the sense of action,excitement,and sensuality.

Question 24

Matching

Question 25

List and analyze at least two reasons for Artemesia Gentileschi's use of her self-portrait for Judith in her five paintings of the Jewish heroine's story.

Question 26

Compare the sensual elements of Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa to Caravaggio's Conversion of Saint Paul.

Question 27

Why is Vivaldi's The Four Seasons known as program music?

A)He composed it for one of the orphans' performances,or programs
B)Its purely instrumental music is connected to a story or idea
C)Its episodes contrast back and forth with the musical score
D)The music follows the program and rhythms of speech

Question 28

Compare Andrea Pozzo's Baroque Triumph of Saint Ignatius of Loyola to Michelangelo's Mannerist Last Judgment (Chap.24),explaining how each is representative of its respective period.

Question 29

What inspired the first operas?

A)Gabrieli's compositions
B)Bernini's plays
C)The Venetian street processions
D)Ancient Greek drama

Question 30

Identify and describe three elements of Bernini's Cornaro Chapel sculptural program that illustrate the high drama of the Baroque.

Question 31

List and explain two ways Giovanni Gabrieli made church music more emotionally engaging.

Question 32

Compare Bernini's Baroque David to Michelangelo's Renaissance David,explaining how each is representative of its respective period.

Question 33

What did Louis XIV's rejection of Bernini's plan mark in European culture?

A)The beginning of the Counter-Reformation
B)The end of Italian art and architecture's dominance
C)The beginning of the Romantic period
D)The end of classically-inspired designs

Question 34

Define tenebrism,and explain Caravaggio's use of it to provide drama to two of his works.

Question 35

Why did the orphanage directors hope audiences would be dazzled by the orphans' musical performances?

A)They would adopt the talented children
B)They would buy tickets to their performances
C)They would help find jobs for the orphans
D)They would donate money to the orphanages

Question 36

What Greek myth inspired Monteverdi's first opera?

A)Prometheus and Pandora
B)Orpheus and Eurydice
C)Paris and Helen of Troy
D)Zeus and Leda

Question 37

Why were only girls in Venice's orphanages given music instruction?

A)Girls would handle the delicate instruments more gently
B)It was assumed that boys would enter the labor force
C)Girls required musical skill to secure a good marriage
D)Venetian orphanages housed only girls

Question 38

Provide a detailed explanation for the reasons opera developed during the Italian Baroque period.