Deck 22: Being Organized and Steady

Question 1

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex. 1. organ system 2. Organism 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. cell

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
B) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
C) 5, 2, 4, 1, 3
D) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
E) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2

Answer 1

E
Explanation: The simplest level of organization of living things is the cell. Tissues are composed cells; organs are composed of tissues, and organ systems are composed of organs.

Question 2

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

A) cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human
B) cardiac muscle, cell, human, heart, cardiovascular system
C) human, heart, cardiovascular system, cardiac muscle, cell
D) cell, heart, human, cardiovascular system, cardiac muscle
E) heart, human, cell, cardiac muscle, cardiovascular system

Answer 2

A
Explanation: This question uses the cardiovascular system as an example to require the student to apply the levels of organization to true tissues and organs. These are also tissues and organs discussed in other sections of the chapter.

Question 3

The digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems are similar in that they all help maintain

A) fluid level in the blood.
B) constant temperature in the body.
C) balance of substances in the blood.
D) oxygen levels in the blood.
E) control of the other body systems.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: The only answer that applies to all three systems is balance of substances in the blood. Digestive system influences nutrient levels; the respiratory system maintains oxygen and carbon dioxide levels; urinary system rids the blood of wastes.

Question 4

Which of the following would be most likely to occur if the sweat glands failed to be activated in response to an increased body temperature as shown in the figure?

A) The body temperature would continue to increase.
B) The body temperature would decrease.
C) The signal to the control center that the set point had been exceeded would stop being sent.
D) The signal from the control center to the blood vessels and sweat glands would stop being sent.
E) The blood vessels would constrict.

Question 5

If your body is dehydrated, having insufficient fluid levels in the blood, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which will cause water to be reabsorbed into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of

A) a negative feedback mechanism.
B) a positive feedback mechanism.
C) response to external stimuli.
D) lack of control over homeostasis.
E) a combination of negative and positive feedback.

Question 6

Environmental air temperature can fluctuate many degrees during the course of a day. A human's body temperature

A) can also fluctuate many degrees.
B) is lowered by shivering.
C) must be maintained within a range of a few degrees.
D) is not maintained internally but fluctuates with the air temperature.
E) is raised by sweating and dilation of blood vessels in the skin.

Question 7

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

A) columnar epithelium - forms outer layers of skin
B) squamous epithelium - lines blood vessels
C) pseudostratified epithelium - lines the trachea
D) cuboidal epithelium - lines kidney tubules
E) transitional epithelium - lines the bladder

Question 8

The ability of epithelial tissue to constantly divide

A) is a disadvantage in areas of the body where tissue undergoes a lot of wear and tear, such as the digestive tract.
B) makes epithelial tissue more likely to become cancerous than other tissues.
C) results in an inability to replace damaged tissue.
D) makes it similar to nervous tissue.
E) makes it an unsuitable tissue type for the outer layer of skin.

Question 9

Which of the following will happen as a result of the decrease in concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood at the end of the scenario?

A) Jane's rate of breathing will continue to increase.
B) The signal from the chemoreceptors will stop being sent.
C) The medulla will send more frequent impulses to the diaphragm and rib muscles.
D) The signal from the chemoreceptors will be sent more strongly.
E) The diaphragm and rib muscles will contract more forcefully.

Question 10

Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they are both

A) under voluntary control.
B) under involuntary control.
C) made of highly branched cells.
D) striated.
E) made of long parallel cells.

Question 11

The ___________ system is the only system in which there are different organs in males and females.

A) reproductive
B) integumentary
C) muscular
D) cardiovascular
E) digestive

Question 12

Columnar cells with small projections called microvilli which line the intestine are a type of

A) muscle tissue.
B) epithelial tissue.
C) connective tissue.
D) squamous tissue.
E) nervous tissue.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true about epithelial tissue?

A) covers body surfaces
B) generally one cell layer thick
C) stores energy
D) allows for gas exchange in the lungs
E) contains cube shaped cells

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of a negative-feedback mechanism?

A) The change from the set point is made smaller.
B) Most control mechanisms in the body are of this type.
C) The deviation from normal is made larger.
D) Blood pressure maintenance is an example of negative-feedback.
E) They are important for maintenance of homeostasis.

Question 15

The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by

A) maintaining a constant level of nerve impulses.
B) sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.
C) responding only to the internal environment.
D) stimulating the body's reproductive organs.
E) maintaining a constant level of hormones in the blood.

Question 16

If blood sugar levels drop below normal, the ___________ system is primarily responsible for returning levels to normal.

A) digestive
B) urinary
C) reproductive
D) lymphatic
E) skeletal

Question 17

The medulla oblongata acts as the ___________ in this example of negative feedback.

A) sensor
B) stimulus
C) control center
D) effect
E) response to the stimulus

Question 18

The respiratory system would respond to a change in

A) oxygen levels only.
B) blood sugar levels.
C) the body's fluid levels.
D) oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
E) body temperature.

Question 19

If the lymphatic system did not function correctly

A) fluids would collect within body tissue.
B) oxygen would not reach all the cells of the body.
C) urea would build up in the liver.
D) nutrients would not reach the liver.
E) carbon dioxide would not reach the lungs.

Question 20

Figure: Using the figure shown here as a guide, answer the following questions about the situation described.
Jane dives into a swimming pool to retrieve a diving ring from the bottom, holding her breath the whole time she is underwater. This act causes an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in her blood. As she surfaces, chemoreceptors in certain major arteries detect the change from normal. These receptors cause impulses to be sent to the medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata sends impulses to the diaphragm and muscles between the ribs causing more frequent and more forceful inhalations and exhalations. This in turn causes a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood.
The stimulus in this scenario is

A) the increase in carbon dioxide concentration in Jane's blood while she is holding her breath.
B) the impulses sent to the medulla oblongata.
C) the more frequent inhalations and exhalations.
D) the decrease in carbon dioxide concentration as she breathes more forcefully.
E) Jane diving into the swimming pool.

Question 21

Movement of body parts directly requires the

A) muscular system and skeletal system.
B) nervous system and endocrine system.
C) skeletal system and digestive system.
D) muscular system and cardiovascular system.
E) endocrine system and nervous system.

Question 22

Which body system is needed for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A) respiratory
B) integumentary
C) digestive
D) urinary
E) muscular

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of squamous epithelium?

A) lining or covering tissue
B) cube-shaped cells
C) flattened cells
D) adhere to one another
E) may be found in multiple layers

Question 24

Glands are often composed of muscle tissue.

Question 25

Collagen fibers and elastic fibers are produced by ________.

A) squamous epithelium
B) neuroglia
C) fibroblasts
D) platelets
E) adipose

Question 26

To enter the body, substances have to pass through connective tissue cells to reach the tissues beneath.

Question 27

Which of the following best describes skin?

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) columnar epithelium
C) stratified epithelium
D) transitional epithelium
E) cuboidal epithelium

Question 28

What system removes waste products from the blood and maintains water balance?

A) cardiovascular
B) urinary
C) respiratory
D) lymphatic
E) skeletal

Question 29

Within a negative feedback loop,

A) the effect causes a response.
B) the sensor sends data to the control center.
C) the control center detects a change in the internal environment.
D) the sensor causes an effect to return conditions to normal.
E) the stimulus sends data to the control center.

Question 30

Ligaments are made up of loose fibrous connective tissue.

Question 31

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

A) stores fat
B) moves the body
C) transports nutrients
D) lines body cavities
E) produces mucus

Question 32

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.

Question 33

The urinary system and respiratory system both participate in homeostasis by removing metabolic waste.

Question 34

A group of similar cells and the surrounding materials that work together to perform a specific function are

A) organelles.
B) tissues.
C) molecules.
D) organs.
E) organ systems.

Question 35

Blood is classified as connective tissue because of its fluid matrix called plasma.

Question 36

Which body system produces red blood cells?

A) cardiovascular
B) lymphatic
C) skeletal
D) muscular
E) endocrine

Question 37

White blood cells are different from red blood cells in that white blood cells

A) have nuclei.
B) carry oxygen.
C) contain hemoglobin.
D) are actually cell fragments.
E) are the most plentiful type of cell in blood.

Question 38

Which body system and its organs are INCORRECTLY matched?

A) digestive - mouth, stomach, intestines
B) lymphatic - thymus, vessels, nodes
C) endocrine - mouth, lungs, pituitary
D) reproductive - ovaries, testes, uterus
E) cardiovascular - heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 39

What is the distinctive characteristic of connective tissue?

A) flat, interconnected cells
B) presence of a matrix
C) presence of axons
D) contractile ability
E) being hard and mineralized

Question 40

___ carry signals to the cell body of a neuron while ___ carry signals away from the cell body.

A) Neuroglia; dendrites
B) Axons; dendrites
C) Intercalated disks; neuroglia
D) Dendrites; axons
E) dendrites; neuroglia

Question 41

Figure:
Most metabolic wastes leave the body through production of ___________ by the _____________.

A) urine; urinary system
B) feces; digestive system
C) carbon dioxide; respiratory system
D) urine; digestive system
E) carbon dioxide; urinary system

Question 42

The tissue in sample one can be identified as

A) cuboidal epithelium.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) bone.
D) pseudostratified epithelium.
E) squamous epithelium.

Question 43

If damaged, which tissue type will not be able to conduct an impulse?

A) nervous
B) epithelial
C) connective
D) muscular
E) columnar

Question 44

Figure:
In the figure shown here, the tissue indicated by "2" is

A) dense fibrous connective tissue.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) adipose.
D) loose fibrous connective tissue.
E) bone.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue?

A) secretion and absorption
B) protection
C) cushioning and insulation
D) supporting
E) storage

Question 46

Figure:
In the figure shown here, the tissue indicated by "3"

A) lends strength to and supports the joint.
B) cushions the bones of the joint.
C) attaches muscle to the bones.
D) provides a smooth surface on the ends of bones.
E) causes the movement of the joint.

Question 47

A possible location, in the body, for the tissues in sample one is the ______________.

A) kidneys
B) intestines
C) brain
D) skin
E) trachea

Question 48

The tissue in sample two can be identified as

A) cardiac muscle.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) columnar epithelium.
D) adipose tissue.
E) loose fibrous connective tissue.

Question 49

The source in the body of sample two is

A) the heart.
B) a skeletal muscle.
C) a tendon or ligament.
D) the stomach.
E) the lungs.

Question 50

Figure:
In the figure shown here, "2" represents ______________ which move into the blood from the digestive tract.

A) nutrients
B) oxygen
C) metabolic wastes
D) carbon dioxide
E) indigestible food particles

Question 51

The liver is epithelial in origin as shown by what characteristic?

A) its ability to regenerate
B) the matrix formed outside the cells
C) the fibrous tissue which stores glycogen
D) its ability to stretch
E) its ability to generate electrical impulses

Question 52

Figure:
In the figure shown here, the tissue indicated by "1" is

A) characterized by a mineralized matrix.
B) the primary component of the fetal skeleton.
C) filled with coarse collagen fibers.
D) storing fat
E) a type of epithelial tissue

Question 53

Which of the following lists types of connective tissue from least rigid to most rigid?

A) hyaline cartilage - loose fibrous - bone - blood
B) blood - loose fibrous - hyaline cartilage - bone
C) loose fibrous - blood - bone - hyaline cartilage
D) bone - hyaline cartilage - blood - loose fibrous
E) blood - bone - hyaline cartilage - loose fibrous

Question 54

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

A) adipose tissue - fat storage
B) hyaline cartilage - flexible support
C) dense fibrous connective tissue - protective covering
D) bone - rigid support
E) blood - transport of oxygen

Question 55

Mucus producing glands of simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium are called

A) mucus cells.
B) areolar cells.
C) apocrine cells.
D) goblet cells.
E) fibroblasts.

Question 56

Figure:
In the figure shown here, _________ moves into the body and _________ moves out of the body through the respiratory system at "4."

A) nutrients; metabolic wastes
B) wastes; nutrients
C) carbon dioxide; oxygen
D) oxygen; carbon dioxide
E) water; urine