Deck 29: Reproduction and Development

Question 1

Ovulation usually occurs on day _____ of a woman's cycle.

A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 21
E) 28

Answer 1

C
Explanation: The ovarian and menstrual cycles occur over a period of 28 days. Ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, usually on day 14.

Question 2

Which of these does not contribute significantly to the contents of the semen?

A) testis
B) seminal vesicle
C) urethra
D) prostate gland
E) bulbourethral gland

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Semen consists of sperm produced in the testes plus the secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

Question 3

Secondary sex characteristics in males develop due to the influence of

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
B) progesterone.
C) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
D) estrogen.
E) testosterone.

Answer 3

E
Explanation: Male secondary sex characteristics (such as facial hair, masculine body proportions, deep voice, etc.) develop due to testosterone.

Question 4

Sperm mature in the

A) prostate gland.
B) testis.
C) penis.
D) vas deferens.
E) epididymis.

Question 5

Which of these correctly traces the path of a sperm from its origin to the point at which it leaves the male reproductive tract?

A) testis→epididymis→vas deferens→ejaculatory duct→urethra
B) epididymis→vas deferens→testis→urethra→ejaculatory duct
C) testis→epididymis→vas deferens→urethra→ejaculatory duct
D) vas deferens→epididymis→testis→ejaculatory duct→urethra
E) testis→vas deferens→epididymis→ejaculatory duct→urethra

Question 6

The male gonad is the _____, and the female gonad is the _____.

A) ovary; testis
B) vagina; penis
C) testis; uterus
D) testis; ovary
E) penis; vagina

Question 7

During the first half of the human ovarian cycle,

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes the development of estrogen-secreting follicles.
B) luteinizing hormone (LH) promotes the development of a progesterone-secreting corpus luteum.
C) the corpus luteum reaches its maximum size and progesterone output then shrinks.
D) there are high levels of both estrogen and progesterone.
E) ovulation occurs on each consecutive day.

Question 8

Which of these cells is diploid (2n)?

A) first polar body
B) spermatid
C) secondary oocyte
D) sperm
E) primary oocyte

Question 9

Which of these is viviparous?

A) salmon
B) parrot
C) bullfrog
D) crayfish
E) moose

Question 10

The inner lining of the uterus is the

A) cervix.
B) endometrium.
C) placenta.
D) fimbria.
E) chorion.

Question 11

Unfertilized eggs of female Komodo dragons may develop to produce a young Komodo dragon. This is an example of

A) parturition.
B) assisted reproduction.
C) parthenogenesis.
D) abiogenesis.
E) copulation.

Question 12

Which of these is not part of the female reproductive system?

A) oviduct
B) uterus
C) vagina
D) vas deferens
E) ovary

Question 13

Which one adaptation was most important in enabling animals to reproduce on land?

A) penis
B) shelled egg with extraembryonic membranes
C) placenta
D) gametes
E) copulation

Question 14

Which of the following mammalian structures is derived from one of the extraembryonic membranes?

A) placenta
B) uterus
C) ovary
D) cervix
E) labia

Question 15

Animals with both male and female reproductive systems are

A) hermaphroditic.
B) chimeric.
C) parthenogenetic.
D) asexual.
E) menopausal.

Question 16

Which of these serves as the female organ of copulation and as the birth canal?

A) uterus
B) oviduct
C) ovary
D) vagina
E) urethra

Question 17

The fingerlike projections of the oviducts are the

A) fimbriae.
B) chorionic villi.
C) labia.
D) follicles.
E) acrosomes.

Question 18

Sperm are produced

A) by Sertoli cells.
B) in the epididymis.
C) by interstitial cells.
D) in the seminiferous tubules.
E) in the seminal vesicles.

Question 19

Which lists the structures a secondary oocyte must pass through on its way out of a woman's reproductive tract?

A) oviduct, uterus, vagina
B) vagina, oviduct, uterus
C) vagina, uterus, oviduct
D) uterus, oviduct, vagina
E) oviduct, vagina, uterus

Question 20

How does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) affect the male reproductive system?

A) promotes testosterone production
B) causes erection
C) promotes spermatogenesis
D) stimulates ovulation
E) triggers ejaculation

Question 21

Which of the following is 100% effective against both pregnancy and STDs?

A) vasectomy
B) female condom
C) diaphragm
D) tubal ligation
E) abstinence

Question 22

Which STD is caused by a virus?

A) chlamydia
B) syphilis
C) trichomoniasis
D) gonorrhea
E) genital warts

Question 23

The failure of a couple to achieve pregnancy after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse is termed

A) parthenogenesis.
B) menopause.
C) contraception.
D) infertility.
E) abortion.

Question 24

If a woman has an untreated case of chlamydia, it may likely lead to

A) gummas.
B) liver failure.
C) buboes.
D) blisters on the genitals.
E) pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 25

Which of the listed embryonic stages is the earliest?

A) gastrula
B) blastocyst
C) neurula
D) morula
E) 8-cell stage

Question 26

There is an old joke that goes, "What do you call a couple who practices coitus interruptus? Parents!" Is there any truth to this joke?

A) Yes, because coitus interrupts is only practiced by couples who already have children.
B) No, because coitus interruptus is the most effective means of birth control.
C) Yes, because coitus interruptus is one of the least effective means of birth control.
D) No, because coitus interruptus is not only a highly effective means of birth control, it also protects against STDs.
E) Yes, because a coitus interruptus is only effective if carefully inserted before intercourse.

Question 27

The first two months of human development are referred to as the _____ period.

A) fetal
B) blastocyst
C) implantation
D) cleavage
E) embryonic

Question 28

If a woman has been diagnosed with genital warts, she should be examined regularly for

A) cervical cancer.
B) liver cancer.
C) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
D) gummas.
E) skin cancer.

Question 29

This birth control device consists of a small piece of plastic that is inserted into the uterus by a health care provider.

A) cervical cap
B) IUD
C) diaphragm
D) female condom
E) vaginal sponge

Question 30

Which of these is mismatched?

A) ovulation - luteinizing hormone (LH) peaks
B) menstruation - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peaks
C) secretory phase - progesterone peaks
D) menstruation - progesterone declines
E) proliferative phase - estrogen levels rise

Question 31

What is the assisted reproductive technology that involves the placement of harvested sperm in a woman's vagina by a physician?

A) IVF
B) AID
C) GIFT
D) ICSI
E) IUD

Question 32

The second half of the ovarian cycle is termed the _____ phase.

A) ovulatory
B) follicular
C) luteal
D) menstrual
E) menopausal

Question 33

Which of these places the events of the menstrual cycle in the correct order?

A) menstrual phase→secretory phase→proliferative phase→ovulation
B) menstrual phase→ovulation→secretory phase→proliferative phase
C) menstrual phase→proliferative phase→ovulation→secretory phase
D) menstrual phase→proliferative phase→secretory phase→ovulation
E) menstrual phase→ovulation→proliferative phase→secretory phase

Question 34

Which STD is caused by a protozoan?

A) chlamydia
B) genital herpes
C) trichomoniasis
D) gonorrhea
E) hepatitis

Question 35

Which of these cells is haploid (n)?

A) zygote
B) oogonium
C) spermatogonium
D) primary spermatocyte
E) secondary oocyte

Question 36

If a man has such severe infertility that his sperm are incapable of penetrating an oocyte and achieving fertilization, then the best assisted reproductive technology for him and his partner would be ______.

A) IVF
B) AID
C) GIFT
D) ICSI
E) E.IUD

Question 37

Which is the extraembryonic membrane that serves as the first site of blood cell formation for the embryo?

A) chorion
B) allantois
C) amnion
D) yolk sac
E) zona pellucida

Question 38

The hollow, fluid-filled ball of cells that develops from the morula is the

A) neurula.
B) zygote.
C) somite.
D) blastocyst.
E) gastrula.

Question 39

A birth control pill works by

A) inhibiting FSH and LH production.
B) making the woman's reproductive tract toxic to sperm.
C) stimulating FSH and LH production.
D) destroying the endometrium.
E) immunizing the woman against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Question 40

Which list contains the correct sequence of structures a sperm nucleus must penetrate in order to fertilize an egg?

A) egg plasma membrane→follicle cells→zona pellucida
B) follicle cells→egg plasma membrane→zona pellucida
C) follicle cells→zona pellucida→egg plasma membrane
D) egg plasma membrane→zona pellucida→follicle cells
E) zona pellucida→follicle cells→egg plasma membrane

Question 41

If you could mark the ectoderm of a mouse embryo so that all tissues and organs descended from ectoderm were easily identifiable, where would you expect to find the marker?

A) skeletal muscles and dermis
B) cardiovascular and reproductive systems
C) nervous system and epidermis
D) lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts
E) urinary bladder and its lining

Question 42

Which statement is correct about the placenta?

A) The placenta allows for free exchange of blood from the fetus to the mother but not the other direction
B) The placenta allows for free exchange of blood from the mother to the fetus but not the other direction
C) The placenta allows for a limited exchange of gases from the fetus to the mother but a free exchange from the mother to the fetus
D) The placenta does not allow the exchange of blood between the fetus and mother but allows the exchange of gases
E) The placenta does not allow the exchange of blood or gases between the fetus and mother

Question 43

Which organism is most likely to reproduce by fragmentation?

A) hydra
B) sponge
C) bird
D) honeybee
E) frog

Question 44

The bladder originates from

A) ectoderm only.
B) mesoderm only.
C) endoderm only.
D) both mesoderm and endoderm, but not ectoderm.
E) ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Question 45

The embryo (and later the fetus) is connected to the placenta by the

A) umbilical cord.
B) placental tube.
C) somite.
D) chorionic villi.
E) vas deferens.

Question 46

In which stage do the three germ layers form?

A) gastrula
B) blastocyst
C) neurula
D) morula
E) 8-cell stage

Question 47

The brain and spinal cord develop from the

A) endoderm.
B) neural tube.
C) notochord.
D) neural crest.
E) somites.

Question 48

Which lifestyle is most likely to lead to infertility in a male?

A) a man who is a semiprofessional athlete
B) a man who works as a computer programmer and sits at a desk the majority of the day
C) a man who works as an mechanic
D) a man who works for a company that applies pesticides to lawns
E) a man who works as a teacher

Question 49

A pregnant woman has passed her due date, and her cervix is dilated. This indicates which stage of childbirth?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth

Question 50

In the figure shown here, which of the following is the bulbourethral gland?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 51

If a pregnant woman wanted to know the sex of her fetus as soon as possible, she could have ultrasound in the _____ month.

A) first
B) third
C) sixth
D) eighth
E) ninth

Question 52

In the figure shown here, which of the following is the cervix?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 53

Which of the following structures does not belong to the reproductive system?

A) oviduct
B) ovary
C) cervix
D) bladder
E) vagina

Question 54

In the figure shown here, which of the following is the prostate gland?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 55

In which stage of childbirth would a mother deliver the placenta?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth