Deck 21: The Age of European Imperialism

Question 1

Who was George Curzon?

A)a British viceroy of India who solidified British rule there
B)an explorer of Central Africa who enabled Leopold's Congo Free State
C)a general in the Boer War who achieved a great victory over British forces
D)the American secretary of state who instituted the "open door" policy in China
E)a social theorist who coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"

Answer 1

a British viceroy of India who solidified British rule there

Question 2

What African state was the first to defeat a European army in the field in the 1890s?

A)Liberia
B)Buganda
C)Kongo
D)Abyssinia
E)Dahomey

Answer 2

Abyssinia

Question 3

What ethnic group in South Africa received support from the British government against the Boers,leading to the creation of the Republic of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State?

A)Herero
B)Xhosa
C)Zulu
D)Nama
E)Khoikhoi

Answer 3

Zulu

Question 4

The completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 increased tensions between which two European powers?

A)Britain and Germany
B)France and Germany
C)Russia and Britain
D)France and Britain
E)Russia and France

Question 5

How did Henry Stanley popularize the quest for African colonies?

A)lecture tours
B)conversations with European nobility
C)sending reports of exploration to London newspapers
D)advertising
E)personal investments in diamond mines

Question 6

What was the name given to racial segregation policies in South Africa?

A)apartheid
B)jingoism
C)Social Darwinism
D)cultural protection
E)Orientalism

Question 7

What was the primary reason Otto von Bismarck approved Karl Peters's plan for the colonization of East Africa?

A)Peters's plan was immensely profitable.
B)German emigrants would move to East Africa instead of to other nations' colonies.
C)He hoped to solidify his domestic political support within Germany.
D)He wanted to antagonize Britain.
E)He thought Africa was becoming more important than Europe.

Question 8

How did the Mahdists affect the path of British imperialism?

A)They acted as local intermediaries,serving British governors.
B)Their defeat of Charles Gordon at Khartoum stirred nationalism in Britain.
C)Their military victory slowed the pace of the scramble for Africa.
D)They inspired "associationism" as British policy.
E)They inspired Frederick Lugard's "dual mandate."

Question 9

What best describes "protectorates" prior to the scramble for Africa?

A)The colonial power did not intervene in domestic affairs but controlled only foreign policy.
B)The colonial power was primarily responsible for military force to "protect" indigenous peoples.
C)Protectorates were colonies run by private companies rather than governments.
D)Government officials were responsible for only the first of the "dual mandates."
E)Protectorates were subject to martial law.

Question 10

What best describes indigénat?

A)laws and rules in French Algeria by which certain actions were only crimes when committed by non-Europeans
B)children born of mixed-race marriages
C)a policy of economic support in which French merchants provided council to African traders
D)areas that remained resistant to colonization
E)a French publication outlining the benefits of colonization

Question 11

What was different about Leopold II's Congo Free State,compared with other European colonies?

A)It was the private property of Leopold II.
B)It generated a profit for its European owners.
C)Belgium was smaller in area than its colonies were.
D)It was not open to missionary activity.
E)It promoted Africans to important administrative positions otherwise reserved for Europeans.

Question 12

Which ethnic group did Germany attempt to exterminate in Southwest Africa?

A)Zulu
B)Herero
C)Namibian
D)Boer
E)English

Question 13

At the 1900 Paris international exposition,the presentation of Cairo as old and run-down in order to show European superiority is an example of what phenomenon?

A)jingoism
B)Social Darwinism
C)colonialism
D)apartheid
E)Orientalism

Question 14

Who wrote "The White Man's Burden"?

A)John Keats
B)Mark Twain
C)William Shakespeare
D)Rudyard Kipling
E)Walt Whitman

Question 15

What best defines "imperialism"?

A)the process by which one state,with superior military strength and more advanced technology,imposes its control over the land,resources,and population of a less developed region
B)the ideology that embraces the ideals of free trade,democracy for all,and the right to national independence
C)the state of self-actualization achieved by many European countries during the nineteenth century,in which quality of life for the average citizen was drastically improved
D)the process of releasing colonies from home-country control
E)the practice by which African countries reasserted control after years of colonial domination

Question 16

What biologist's work was used to justify theories of racial hierarchy in this period?

A)Charles Lyell
B)Henry Stanley
C)Charles Darwin
D)Alexander von Humboldt
E)Louis Pasteur

Question 17

What was different about the Boer War,compared with other colonial conflicts in this period?

A)It resulted in fewer casualties than other wars.
B)It was primarily fought by white people on both sides of the war.
C)It did not result in political changes.
D)British public opinion was firmly in support of the war.
E)The war was fought primarily for economic interests.

Question 18

What incident was the culmination of the Anglo-French rivalry in Africa at the end of the nineteenth century?

A)the Boer War
B)the Boxer Rebellion
C)the Mahdist War
D)the Fashoda Affair
E)the Sepoy Mutiny

Question 19

The group from northern China named the "Righteous and Harmonious Fists" was better known as

A)the Peking.
B)the Shandong.
C)the Boxers.
D)the Meiji.
E)the Formosa.

Question 20

What was one cause of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857?

A)Rifle cartridges were greased with vegetable oils,which the Sepoys needed for cooking uses.
B)The Sepoys wanted to reassert their control over Cambodia.
C)The Sepoys resented how much French troops were being paid.
D)The British took direct control over Indian states whose princes died without heirs.
E)The Sepoys resented the administration of Queen Victoria,who passed strict laws forbidding the free speech of Indian generals.

Question 21

What factor does the textbook identify as the strongest driving motivation behind new imperialism?

A)control of new markets
B)the need to test new weapons for European wars
C)a search for security and power in a period characterized by aggressive nationalism and bitter international rivalries
D)a desire to spread civilization
E)moving social problems from Europe to the colonies

Question 22

Which of the following quotations can be attributed to Cecil Rhodes?

A)"The head tax is above all a very effective agent of civilization."
B)"The superior races have a right vis-à-vis the inferior races … they have a right to civilize them."
C)"I am apt to suspect the negroes and in general all the other species of men … to be naturally inferior to the whites."
D)"Let the peace-people croak as they please;it is war that brings out the truly heroic virtues."
E)"Philanthropy is good,but philanthropy at five percent is better."

Question 23

What were some examples of African resistance to European imperial expansion?

Question 24

The term "jingoism" was coined to describe what phenomenon that motivated the "new imperialism?"

A)opposition to free trade in the wake of the Second Industrial Revolution
B)the belief that European nations had a duty to spread their civilization to the rest of the world
C)the use of local intermediaries in colonial rule
D)fervent nationalism
E)separate systems of justice for white people and people of color in the colonies

Question 25

In what way did the Second Industrial Revolution contribute to the scramble for Africa?

A)It inspired Europeans to reflect more closely on their impact on the environment,and they wanted to spread that learning to Africans.
B)The invention of the cylinder boring machine meant that Europeans were eager to discover new metals that could be found only in Africa.
C)Africa was believed to contain the most arable land on earth,ideal for growing cotton to support textile production.
D)The invention of the movable-type printing press in 1848 allowed newspapers to circulate stories about the wonders of Africa.
E)Merchants sought new markets and manufacturers sought new sources of raw materials in Africa.

Question 26

What did J.A.Hobson blame for the expansion of European empires?

A)democratic politics
B)Marxism
C)industrial capitalism
D)militarism
E)the influence of missionaries on European monarchs

Question 27

How did advances in technology fuel both the vision and the reality of European imperialism?