Deck 22: War and Peace, 1914-1920

Question 1

Germany was forced to transfer thousands of troops to the Eastern Front to confront

A)French troops.
B)Serbian troops.
C)British troops.
D)Russian troops.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The policy of neutrality came to be strained between 1914 and 1916

A)as more and more exports and relief were sent overseas,mostly to Britain.
B)when Paris was invaded by German soldiers.
C)when Russia dropped out of the conflict.
D)as the U.S.began increasing its support of Germany.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The arrangement in the early 1900s that was thought sufficient to keep war at bay among European nations amidst their intense military,economic,and territorial rivalry was called

A)collective security.
B)the League of Nations.
C)the balance of power.
D)the United Nations

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Wilson was prompted to begin supporting preparedness in 1916 because of

A)the invasion of Belgium.
B)the British naval blockade.
C)German submarine warfare.
D)advice received from Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of the Balkan nationalist movements?

A)They desired self-determination.
B)They demanded unification of their respective ethnic groups.
C)They wanted incorporation into the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D)They were subject to the interventionism of larger powers.

Question 6

By 1916,Wilson and some progressives had

A)hardened in their antiwar stance.
B)begun to support the idea of U.S.involvement in the war for its economic benefits.
C)split in their view on the war,with Wilson abandoning neutrality and progressives remaining opposed to intervention.
D)come to see the war as a prime vehicle to bring American democracy to the worlD.

Question 7

Which of the following supported Wilson's call for neutrality?

A)the Daughters of the American Revolution
B)popular films about the war
C)the William Randolph Hearst news corporation
D)the United Daughters of the Confederacy

Question 8

The Zimmerman Telegram,which was intercepted and decoded by the British,

A)contained further orders to increase U-boat attacks against U.S.vessels.
B)expressed German willingness to discuss the peace process with President Wilson.
C)cast doubt on the strength of the German military forces.
D)was an invitation to Mexico to join Germany in the war against the U.S.

Question 9

During the first year of the war,progressives generally

A)opposed the war because women were not allowed to serve in the armed forces.
B)opposed the war because it would derail reform initiatives at home.
C)supported the war because it would serve their principles of social justice around the world.
D)supported the war because the Central Powers were viewed by them as evils that must be confronteD.

Question 10

In the extremely close election of 1916,those who are thought to have cast the decisive ballots were

A)African Americans.
B)women.
C)German-Americans.
D)Catholics.

Question 11

At the outbreak of the war in 1914,most Americans

A)were initially thrilled that Germany would finally receive its due punishment.
B)were initially horrified at the thought of such a conflict,but were ready to participate.
C)were eager to join the war effort on behalf of the Allied Powers.
D)initially wanted nothing to do with it.

Question 12

While most Americans reacted to the outbreak of war with shock and disgust,they felt

A)relieved by the fact that the Atlantic Ocean separated them from the conflict.
B)obligated to contribute to the war effort in behalf of Britain.
C)sympathetic to the German cause.
D)that this was an opportunity for the U.S.to exercise its military muscle.

Question 13

While the trench warfare of World War I was a bloody ordeal,overall mortality rates were not as high as they might have been because

A)officers arranged for men under their command to retreat if battles became excessive.
B)soldiers from both sides tended to avoid shooting at one another if possible.
C)the trenches provided good shelter both from enemy fire and the elements.
D)disease was kept to a minimum through modern medical advances.

Question 14

As the Ottoman Empire,the "sick man of Europe," experienced decline during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,which empires vied for influence in the Balkan region?

A)Austria-Hungary and Russia
B)Russia and Germany
C)Germany and France
D)Serbia and Austria-Hungary

Question 15

President Wilson's attempts to mediate a peaceful settlement among the European belligerents in early 1917 were met with

A)openness on the part of the British,but rejection from Germany.
B)receptivity from both the Allied and Central Powers.
C)scorn and silence.
D)openness on the part of the Germans,but rejection from Britain.

Question 16

Theodore Roosevelt supported national military preparedness,arguing that

A)German expansion threatened America's allies.
B)the U.S.must act in its own self-interest or face domination by another nation.
C)entry into the war would secure more territory for the U.S.
D)a strong defense would allow the U.S.to remain neutral in the long run.

Question 17

The first declaration of war in 1914 was made by

A)Germany against Belgium.
B)Germany against Russia.
C)Austria-Hungary against Serbia.
D)Austria-Hungary against France.

Question 18

President Wilson argued for America's war effort with all of the following EXCEPT

A)to make the world "safe for democracy."
B)to embark on a "sacred democratic mission."
C)to "serve mankind by serving ourselves."
D)to fight for "a universal dominion of right."

Question 19

The First World War escalated so quickly,to involve so many nations,because

A)of the treaties and alliances among them and the fierce competition between them.
B)the loss of the heir of the Austro-Hungarian throne was such a devastating blow that affected the entire continent.
C)the United States had extended its international "policing" role too far abroad and drew the ire of European nations.
D)the scramble of European nations for territory,resources,and prestige known as "New Imperialism" was just getting under way.

Question 20

The Triple Entente consisted of

A)the U.S. ,Britain,and France.
B)Britain,France,and Russia.
C)Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Italy.
D)Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Japan.

Question 21

Which of the following was particularly concerned with the morals of American soldiers who were bound for Europe?

A)IWW
B)ACLU
C)AEF
D)CTCA

Question 22

The largest wartime migrations of southern African Americans were to

A)New York and Chicago.
B)Cleveland and New York.
C)Philadelphia and Cleveland.
D)Chicago and Detroit.

Question 23

The head of the Food Administration was

A)Herbert Hoover.
B)George Creel.
C)Bernard Baruch.
D)Douglas Fairbanks.

Question 24

The war experience changed the minds of many soldiers about returning to farm life.They often resettled in cities after the war because

A)soldiers were not welcome back in small rural towns.
B)of the cultural experiences they had had abroad in places like Paris.
C)veterans benefits were provided only for those in urban environments.
D)agriculture had experienced such tremendous decline during the war years.

Question 25

The U.S.was able to deploy vast numbers of soldiers much more quickly than the Germans had anticipated,mostly due to the

A)Selective Service Act.
B)Committee on Public Information's propaganda machine.
C)high volunteer rate.
D)government's war collectivism.

Question 26

Under the policies of the War Industries Board,most companies that cooperated with the federal government

A)pocketed significant profits.
B)maintained enough revenue to sustain their businesses.
C)suffered financially and nearly went bankrupt.
D)were able to raise prices as high as they wanteD.

Question 27

Which of the following areas of activity was exempt from governmental control during the war?

A)industrial production
B)communication networks
C)food production
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 28

The government overthrown by the Bolsheviks in 1917 was

A)communist.
B)a democratic parliament.
C)under tsarist rule.
D)autocratic.

Question 29

The battle that finally pushed the Germans out of France was the

A)Battle of Belleau Wood.
B)Meuse-Argonne offensive.
C)Battle of Château-Thierry.
D)Battle of Cantigny.

Question 30

Wartime suspicion of anything German expressed itself in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)the opening of mail addressed to people with German-sounding names.
B)the removal of German-authored books from library shelves.
C)internment of Germans in resettlement camps on the West Coast.
D)the banning of Beethoven and Wagner performances.

Question 31

During the First World War,the American Federation of Labor

A)languished and barely survived the wartime period.
B)sustained its membership at nearly prewar levels throughout.
C)grew exponentially,due in part to its cooperation with government and business.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 32

The war was financed through all of the following EXCEPT

A)tax hikes.
B)loans from private financiers such as J.P.Morgan.
C)liberty bonds.
D)loans from the Federal Reserve System.

Question 33

Concerning the intrusive actions of the federal government during the war,most progressives

A)joined the efforts of the American Civil Liberties Union.
B)were not particularly concerned about civil liberties violations.
C)pushed for more surveillance and censorship.
D)made free speech a major part of their cause.

Question 34

The tensions that erupted in Houston in the summer of 1917 began when

A)whites opened fire on black soldiers.
B)the NAACP insisted that the War Department allow black soldiers to participate in combat.
C)President Wilson suspended black recruitment.
D)African American troops from the North refused to obey Jim Crow laws.

Question 35

The Eighteenth Amendment

A)instituted a federal income tax.
B)introduced the direct election of senators.
C)established women's suffrage.
D)banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

Question 36

Which of the following was NOT one of the new opportunities opened for women during the war?

A)auto assembly
B)state militias
C)combat duty
D)medical programs

Question 37

The law that criminalized the making,speaking,or printing of statements critical of the U.S.government was the

A)Alien Act.
B)Treason Act.
C)Sedition Act.
D)Espionage Act.

Question 38

While progressives and Bolsheviks held much in common in their vision,they differed in their views on

A)the socialization of factories.
B)self-determination.
C)monarchies.
D)the idea of global change.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true of the "Harlem Hellfighters"?

A)They originated in New York.
B)They served valiantly on the Western Front.
C)They fought under French command.
D)They were barred from combat and relegated to menial tasks.

Question 40

Artist Charles Dana Gibson featured which of the following in his work designed to "sell" the war effort?

A)women
B)soldiers
C)the German enemy
D)American landscapes

Question 41

Discuss the effects of,and reaction to,the Bolshevik Revolution in the U.S.How did labor in America begin to be perceived? Why were certain ideas considered dangerous? How did the federal government respond?

Question 42

Describe Wilson's vision for peace and the difficulty he encountered both at the Paris Peace Conference and in selling the Treaty of Versailles to Congress back home.

Question 43

The presidential election of 1920 can be seen as a referendum on

A)progressivism.
B)civil rights.
C)women's suffrage.
D)the rights of industrial workers.

Question 44

Summarize the new wartime opportunities that opened up for women and minorities and how it was that these opportunities came about.

Question 45

Which of the following was among the reasons for the failure of U.S.ratification of the Treaty of Versailles?

A)Wilson stubbornly refused to compromise.
B)Republican senators did not want to give up U.S.sovereignty.
C)The Senate vote fell short of the needed two-thirds majority.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT true of the Treaty of Versailles?

A)Germany was not allowed to participate in the negotiations.
B)The principle of self-determination was largely honored.
C)Germans were subjected to massive reparations.
D)The negotiations were a public affair reported on by the media.

Question 47

Explain the influence of progressives on domestic economic policy during the war.

Question 48

The Palmer raids targeted

A)brothels.
B)illegal liquor stills.
C)African Americans.
D)organizations that were deemed politically radical.

Question 49

After the war,industrial workers had to battle against declining wages and diminished union influence due to the economic downturn and the fact that

A)the AFL has softened its position on the 8-hour day and 40-hour week.
B)immigration had increased,thereby flooding cities with cheap labor.
C)the government had ceased its role in enforcing corporate-labor cooperation and price control.
D)unions were unable to mobilize for strikes as they had in the past.

Question 50

President Wilson's response to an NAACP-sponsored parade asking him to do something about lynching and other violence against African Americans was

A)to promise immediate action.
B)silence.
C)an encouragement to endure hardship and hope for a better future.
D)an effort to advance a new constitutional amendment on their behalf.

Question 51

Discuss the attempts by the United Stated to remain neutral in the early years of the Great War and the factors that led to its entry into the war.

Question 52

Among the Allied Powers,Wilson's Fourteen Points peace plan was

A)utterly rejected.
B)welcomed as a reasonable plan for moving forward.
C)initially accepted but ultimately pushed aside in favor of promoting self-determination.
D)initially rejected,but later grudgingly accepted as a basis for negotiation.

Question 53

In addition to racial tension and industrial strife during the spring and summer of 1919,fears of revolutionary Bolshevism were also heightened by

A)Attorney General A.Mitchell Palmer's announcement that he supported communism.
B)labor unions that claimed responsibility for much of the recent violence.
C)threats made by the AFL's Samuel Gompers.
D)the explosion of several bombs in U.S.cities.

Question 54

Examine the context and factors of the racial tensions of this period,particularly in the cities and in military service.What key events either illustrated or heightened these tensions?

Question 55

Why did the war that broke out in Europe in 1914 involve so many countries? Discuss the context and factors that contributed to the conflict,and contrast popular European expectations of the war with the reality in the trenches.

Question 56

In 1918 both progressives and conservatives in America were concerned about

A)Europe falling back into a state of war.
B)the strength of the U.S.in global politics.
C)a worldwide communist revolution.
D)the right of non-European peoples to self-determination.