Deck 6: Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment

Question 1

Interstitial fluid is made from blood plasma and returns to blood plasma.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.

A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Bulk
C)Simple diffusion
D)Active

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How much of the total body water content is in the intracellular compartment?

A)50%
B)67%
C)33%
D)80%

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of integrins?

A)glue components of the matrix
B)communicate between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
C)allow diffusion to occur through the plasma membrane
D)establish cell polarity

Question 5

___________________ comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor.

A)Matrix metallohydrolases
B)Matrix phosphokinases
C)Matrix metalloproteinases
D)None apply.

Question 6

Matrix metalloproteinases

A)produce the basal laminA.
B)synthesize collagen in the extracellular matrix.
C)may be active in invasive cancer cells.
D)synthesize proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.

Question 7

Osmosis and simple diffusion do NOT require the actions of carrier proteins.

Question 8

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.

Question 9

What structures affect cell motility,adhesion,and proliferation?

A)basal lamina
B)integrins
C)collagen IV
D)proteoglycans

Question 10

Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.

Question 11

The majority of water within the body is found in the

A)intracellular compartment.
B)extracellular compartment.
C)blood plasma.
D)interstitial fluiD.

Question 12

________ are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix.

A)Glycocalyces
B)Aquaporins
C)Desmosomes
D)Integrins

Question 13

Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell,through the plasma membrane,and into the extracellular matrix are

A)lysosomal proteins.
B)metallo proteins.
C)receptor proteins.
D)integrin proteins.

Question 14

____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it.

A)Selectively permeable
B)Permeable
C)Porous
D)Countertransport

Question 15

How much of the extracellular fluid comes from blood plasma?

A)33%
B)92%
C)20%
D)50%

Question 16

Active transport

A)utilizes energy.
B)cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient.
C)cannot be saturated.
D)requires cofactors.

Question 17

80% of the extracellular fluid is termed as interstitial fluid.

Question 18

The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen,elastin,and a gel-like ground substance.

Question 19

What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional?

A)calcium
B)copper
C)chromium
D)zinc

Question 20

Passive transport of water is known as

A)filtration.
B)osmosis.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)a water pump.

Question 21

The osmotic pressure exerted by a cell would decrease if the cell synthesized more proteins.

Question 22

Individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis have defective ____________ ion channels.

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)calcium
D)chloride

Question 23

Why are cells in body organs generally within 100 m of a blood capillary?

A)to decrease mean diffusion time
B)to increase mean diffusion time
C)so that larger particles can diffuse more easily
D)a larger distance maximizes entropy

Question 24

The rate of diffusion is influenced by

A)the concentration gradient.
B)membrane permeability.
C)membrane surface area.
D)All apply.

Question 25

Solutes that cannot freely pass through a membrane are said to be

A)hypertonic.
B)osmotically inactive.
C)osmotically active.
D)selectively permeable.

Question 26

Hydrophobic molecules usually enter a cell via __________.

A)osmosis
B)active transport
C)diffusion
D)protein channels

Question 27

Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement of water are called

A)water tubes.
B)aqueducts.
C)aquaporins.
D)streams.

Question 28

Diffusion ____________ the entropy of a solution.

A)decreases
B)increases
C)does not change

Question 29

Diffusion is more rapid in cells with microvilli compared to cells lacking microvilli.

Question 30

Dialysis uses the process of

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)primary active transport.
C)simple diffusion.
D)secondary active transport.

Question 31

A solution consists of a ____________ which dissolves the ____________.

A)solvent,solute
B)solvent,solid
C)solute,solvent
D)liquid,solid

Question 32

Gas exchange between the cells and extracellular fluid utilizes active transport.

Question 33

Edema will result if a person has an abnormally low concentration of plasma proteins.

Question 34

The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient increases.

Question 35

Which of the following cells do NOT normally have many aquaporins in their plasma membranes?

A)kidneys
B)lungs
C)salivary glands
D)skin

Question 36

How do small ions like Na⁺ of K⁺ pass through the plasma membrane?

A)gated channels
B)ion channels
C)carrier proteins
D)simple diffusion

Question 37

Which of the following is able to passively penetrate the plasma membrane?

A)O₂
B)small charged particles
C)large polar molecules
D)All apply.

Question 38

The process in which waste molecules are removed from the blood by having them diffuse through an artificial porous membrane is called dialysis.

Question 39

Because the kidneys are so important for water balance,the plasma membranes of kidney cells have many permanent aquaporins.

Question 40

Ion channels that can be opened by physiological stimuli are said to be

A)polar.
B)aquaporins.
C)hypertoniC.
D)gateD.

Question 41

Osmotic pressure is a measure of the force needed to

A)open aquaporins.
B)cause osmosis.
C)stop osmosis.
D)stop edema.

Question 42

Freezing-point depression is a measure of osmolality.

Question 43

A 10% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma.

Question 44

A six molar sucrose (molecular weight = 342g)solution would contain

A)57g sucrose per liter.
B)342g sucrose per liter.
C)1026g sucrose per liter.
D)2052g sucrose per liter.

Question 45

The osmolality of plasma is

A)0.3 Osm.
B)0.1 Osm.
C)1.0 Osm.
D)2.0 Osm.

Question 46

A solution with an osmolality four times greater than plasma would freeze at __________.

A)-0.56C.
B)-1.12C.
C)-1.68C.
D)-2.24C.

Question 47

Plasma freezes at

A)-1.86C.
B)-1.00C.
C)-0.56C.
D)0.00C.

Question 48

A solution freezing at -1.98^C

A)is hypotonic to plasmA.
B)is isotonic to plasma.
C)is hypertonic to plasma.
D)is not related to plasma.

Question 49

A cell placed in a 9% saline solution (molecular weight = 58.5g)would

A)lyse.
B)crenate.
C)not change.
D)swell.

Question 50

What type of intravenous fluid would be given to reduce edema?

A)hypertonic
B)isotonic
C)hypotonic

Question 51

A 0.5M glucose (molecular weight = 180g)contains ____________ grams of glucose per liter.

A)90
B)180
C)6.02  10²³
D)360

Question 52

Cerebral edema would be treated with a(an)___________ intravenous solution of mannitol.

A)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
C)isotonic

Question 53

A one molar solution would contain 6.02  10²³ molecules of solute.

Question 54

The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly related to its ___________ concentration.

A)water
B)solute
C)solvent
D)matrix

Question 55

Hypertonic solutions stimulate cellular lysis.

Question 56

Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will

A)decrease in volume.
B)increase intracellular solute concentration.
C)increase in volume.
D)lose water to the solution.

Question 57

___________ g of sucrose (molecular weight = 342g)would be added to 1L of water to produce a 2.5 Osm solution.

A)342
B)500
C)855
D)2.5

Question 58

A one molal NaCl solution has the same osmolality as a one molal glucose solution.

Question 59

The amount of water in a cell placed in a 0.8 Osm solution would

A)decrease.
B)increase.
C)remain constant.

Question 60

One mole of solute per liter depresses the freezing point of water by -1.86^C.

Question 61

Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if

A)the concentration of the molecule in the cell increased.
B)the concentration of water in the cell decreased.
C)the concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased.
D)the cell was isotonic.

Question 62

The ATPase enzyme

A)adds a P_i to ADP.
B)powers endocytosis.
C)couples Na⁺ to glucose.
D)hydrolyzes ATP into ADP and P_i.

Question 63

The glucose carrier of skeletal muscle is designated as

A)GLUT2.
B)GLUTSk.
C)GLUT4.
D)GLUT5.

Question 64

Facilitated diffusion is unable to transport molecules against a concentration gradient.

Question 65

The transport maximum is related to the property known as

A)competition.
B)saturation.
C)specificity.
D)inhibition.

Question 66

Glucose transported via the GLUT carrier is characterized as

A)active transport.
B)passive transport.
C)co-transport.
D)receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 67

Where are GLUT carriers located in an unstimulated muscle?

A)in the plasma membrane facing the external environment
B)in the plasma membrane facing the internal environment
C)within cytoplasmic vesicles
D)There are no GLUT carriers present.

Question 68

Antidiuretic hormone is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased plasma osmolality.

Question 69

Active transport carriers are also called

A)vesicles.
B)channels.
C)pumps.
D)receptors.

Question 70

A 0.1 Osm plasma sample would

A)stimulate the action of osmoreceptors.
B)be hypertonic to the cells.
C)stimulate an increase in blood volume.
D)inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT true of a person who is dehydrated?

A)plasma osmolality increases
B)hypothalamus stimulates release of ADH
C)ADH causes the kidneys to excrete water
D)increased osmolality causes thirst

Question 72

Active transport proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation.

Question 73

The calcium pump is also an ATPase enzyme.

Question 74

Glycosuria occurs when the ____________ of the renal glucose transport protein is exceeded.

A)transport minimum
B)transport maximum
C)saturation level
D)transport maximum and saturation level

Question 75

Glucose entry into the cell is by facilitated diffusion.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT a primary active transport pump?

A)GLUT4
B)calcium pump
C)sodium/potassium pump
D)proton pump

Question 77

Osmoreceptors are involved in the regulation of blood volume.

Question 78

Protein carrier mediated transport of molecules display

A)specificity.
B)competition.
C)saturation.
D)All apply.

Question 79

The Na⁺/K⁺ pump transports _______ into the cell and ________ out of the cell per cycle.

A)3Na⁺,2K⁺
B)2Na⁺,3K⁺
C)3K⁺,2Na⁺
D)2K⁺,3Na⁺

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT true of hypoglycemia?

A)It can result in death.
B)It may be due to diabetes.
C)It is characterized by high plasma glucose levels.
D)It can result in death AND it may be due to diabetes.