Deck 25: Nineteenth-Century Empires

Question 1

Lenin

A)agreed with Hobson about the economic basis of imperialism.
B)disagreed with the idea that all colonialism was exploitative.
C)argued that imperialism stemmed from capitalism itself.
D)both agreed with Hobson about the economic basis of imperialism and disagreed with the idea that all colonialism was exploitative.
E)both agreed with Hobson about the economic basis of imperialism and argued that it stemmed from capitalism itself.

Answer 1

both agreed with Hobson about the economic basis of imperialism and argued that it stemmed from capitalism itself.

Question 2

The United States

A)went to war with Spain over Hawaii.
B)fought the Germans for the western half of New Guinea.
C)fought a resistance movement in the Philippines.
D)battled with the "Black Flag" resistance movement in Vietnam.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 2

fought a resistance movement in the Philippines.

Question 3

The threats to the mercantile colonial world included all of the following EXCEPT

A)slave revolts.
B)independence movements.
C)the free-trade lobby.
D)Enlightenment universalism.
E)the papacy.

Answer 3

the papacy.

Question 4

Britain's civilizing mission in India

A)sought to bring religious enlightenment.
B)sought to eradicate "oriental despotism."
C)attacked the custom of sati.
D)included interfering in Indian religious and ritual issues.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 5

British rule in India

A)depended upon indirect policies of governing.
B)relied upon the compliance of traditional leaders to carry out colonial policies.
C)sought to cultivate legitimacy by using local manpower.
D)both relied upon the compliance of traditional leaders to carry out colonial policies and sought to cultivate legitimacy by using local manpower.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 6

The new imperialism was motivated by all of the following EXCEPT

A)nationalism, which Europeans linked to their rights to imperial domination.
B)new forms of technology, which gave Europeans an advantage over native peoples.
C)competition with other European nations.
D)the pursuit of new markets.
E)the desire to help colonies in nation-building.

Question 7

In comparison to British colonial rule, French colonial rule

A)preserved indigenous institutions.
B)denied citizenship to its colonial subjects.
C)sometimes granted colonial subjects citizenship rights.
D)was heavily influenced by Darwinian ideas.
E)rejected assimilation.

Question 8

Europeans found it difficult to colonize Africa at first because of

A)disease.
B)the continent's difficult geography.
C)the power of the Fulani and Bambara states.
D)missionary work there which prevented economic relations.
E)both disease and the continent's difficult geography.

Question 9

The new colonial economy

A)undermined subsistence farming and made peasants more vulnerable to famine.
B)forced many peasants to cultivate raw materials for industry.
C)triggered massive migrations of laborers around the world.
D)brought huge investments in infrastructure to colonial regions.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 10

In the late nineteenth century, Darwinian ideas

A)led many Europeans to imagine that they were biologically superior to colonial peoples.
B)bolstered liberal universalism.
C)confirmed the view among Europeans that they shared the same characteristics as the people they ruled in their colonies.
D)proved that non-Western peoples were just as capable of progress as Europeans.
E)both bolstered liberal universalism and confirmed the view among Europeans that they shared the same characteristics as the people they ruled in their colonies.

Question 11

Leaders like Sun Yat-sen and the Young Turks were inspired by

A)the mission civilatrice.
B)Darwinism.
C)anthropology.
D)nationalism.
E)peasant grievances.

Question 12

Australia and New Zealand

A)found their textile industries ravaged by the economic imperialism of European powers.
B)maintained their independence through native resistance movements.
C)were populated by white emigrants who destroyed the indigenous populations.
D)were not permitted Dominion status.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 13

Britain and the U.S.abolished the slave trade in

A)1803.
B)1807.
C)1834.
D)1865.
E)1888.

Question 14

Which Asian nation Westernized to an extent that competed with Western imperialism in Asia?

A)Siam
B)China
C)India
D)Japan
E)Korea

Question 15

The rush of Europeans to Cape Colony and the Boer colonies at the end of the nineteenth century was driven by

A)the slave trade.
B)gold and diamonds.
C)Cecil Rhodes' effective propaganda encouraging settlement.
D)white fears of Zulu dominance in the area.
E)the palm oil trade.

Question 16

The Fashoda crisis brought which two European nations to the brink of war?

A)France and Britain
B)Russia and Germany
C)France and Germany
D)Britain and Belgium
E)Russia and Britain

Question 17

Which of the following factors provoked the participants in the Taiping Rebellion?

A)attacks on Europeans which enraged Chinese merchants
B)the attack on Peking (Beijing) by foreign forces
C)the persecution of Christians
D)peasant unrest and anti-foreign sentiments
E)the Westernization program forced upon China by European powers

Question 18

The British East India Company

A)lost the Battle of Plassey.
B)continued to pay for Bengali goods with silver after the Battle of Plassey.
C)forced Bengal to pay for its exports to Britain through land taxes.
D)stimulated the Bengal economy by driving up demand for calicoes.
E)encouraged subsistence farming in Bengal.

Question 19

The sultan of the Ottoman Empire

A)implemented a Westernization program called the Tanzimat.
B)sought European support in Syria.
C)borrowed money from the Germans during the Crimean War.
D)both implemented a Westernization program called the Tanzimat and sought European support in Syria.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 20

According to J.A.Hobson, what was most responsible for the vast extension of European control at the end of the nineteenth century?

A)the unequal distribution of wealth, which caused under-consumption
B)surplus wages
C)the logic of subsistence agriculture
D)the capitalist exploitation of non-Western peoples
E)All of these were responsible for the vast extension of European control.

Question 21

Images of empire appeared

A)in advertising.
B)at world's fairs.
C)in the press.
D)in high art.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 22

What do you think the African man in the photo seen in this chapter thought about being measured?

Question 23

What do the images of explorers found in this chapter suggest about the early contact between Europeans and non-Western people?

Question 24

What is the relationship between imperialism and nationalism? Use specific examples to illustrate your argument.Based on what you have read so far, speculate on how European nationalism and imperialism could work against European interests.

Question 25

What do the photos found in this chapter indicate about how non-Western peoples experienced imperialism in profoundly distinct ways?

Question 26

Consider the illustrations seen in this chapter representing empire.In what ways did Europeans consume ideas about empire in their daily lives? What effect do you imagine these images had upon Europeans?

Question 27

Consider the illustrations of Europeans interacting with colonial subjects found in this chapter.What kinds of contrasts do these works draw between the behavior of colonial subjects and Europeans?

Question 28

Compare and contrast different methods of rule among the major colonial powers.

Question 29

Not every society responded to contact with European powers in the same way.Discuss, using examples, some of the different problems that non-Western peoples confronted in their dealings with Europeans.What kinds of solutions did they bring to bear upon these situations?

Question 30

What was the "civilizing mission" of Europeans? How did this notion help Europeans justify their exploitation of colonial subjects?

Question 31

Imperialism shaped gender among white Europeans in which of the following ways?

A)Women were expected to prevent miscegenation.
B)Women were expected to encourage miscegenation.
C)Men were encouraged to curb their aggressive masculinity by participating in empire.
D)Men were expected to defend European morality by participating in movements like abolitionism.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 32

How did imperialism impact non-Western economies? How did Europeans achieve these transformations of local economies? What were the effects of those transformations?

Question 33

How did imperialism shape European culture at the end of the nineteenth century? Consider the effects on both men and women in your discussion.

Question 34

Map 25.2 shows the outcome of the scramble for Africa.Where did European powers come into conflict with each other? Why were these areas points of contention?

Question 35

Compare and contrast the characteristics, differences, and functions of the old imperialism and the new imperialism of the nineteenth century.Why did the character of imperialism change in the nineteenth century?

Question 36

Why and how did imperialism undermine the liberal ideals?

Question 37

Compare and contrast the experiences of Japan and China in the nineteenth century.How did these two societies confront the challenge of European pressures?

Question 38

Between 1870 and 1914, Western powers took over major portions of the non-Western world.How did Europeans themselves account for this occurrence at the time? How did they justify it?

Question 39

How did Europeans' ideas of race change in the late nineteenth century? Discuss the origins and impact of this ideological shift.

Question 40

Review the feature entitled "Macaulay's Minute on Indian Education" in this chapter.What, according to Macaulay, was the proper role of education in colonial society?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mahmud II.

Question 42

Review the feature entitled "Macaulay's Minute on Indian Education" in this chapter.What was the solution proposed by Macaulay in order to solve some of the problems of colonial rule?

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Question 44

Review the feature entitled "The Earl of Cromer: Why Britain Acquired Egypt" in this chapter.How does race factor into Cromer's explanation of the need for British rule in Egypt?

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: British East India Company.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Captain Cook.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Enlightenment universalism.

Question 48

Review the feature entitled "Karl Pearson on National Life from the Standpoint of Science" in this chapter.How, and why, do you think Pearson wove together the "struggle of race against race and of nation against nation"?

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: free-trade lobby.

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: antislavery movement.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: primitive.

Question 52

Review the feature entitled "Macaulay's Minute on Indian Education" in this chapter.What problems did Macaulay find with the use of English in India?

Question 53

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Sick Man of Europe.

Question 54

Review the feature entitled "Karl Pearson on National Life from the Standpoint of Science" in this chapter.How did notions of progress influence Pearson's views on race?

Question 55

Review the feature entitled "Karl Pearson on National Life from the Standpoint of Science" in this chapter.What did Pearson mean by his "scientific view of a nation"? How did he use science and nature to sustain his arguments?

Question 56

Review the feature entitled "The Earl of Cromer: Why Britain Acquired Egypt" in this chapter.What made the British especially well-equipped to rule Egypt, according to Cromer?

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: sati.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thomas Macaulay.

Question 59

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Battle of Plassey.

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: new imperialism.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry Stanley.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Taiping Rebellion.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Tanzimat.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: scramble for Africa.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Emilio Aguinaldo.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Boxer Rebellion.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: White Dominions.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Meiji Restoration.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Qing Dynasty.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Manchuria.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Afrikaner.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Berlin Conference.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: David Livingstone.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Suez Canal.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Zulu.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mungo Park.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Boer War.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Opium War.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Fashoda.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: quinine.