Deck 31: Animal Bodies and Homeostasis

Question 1

It's your birthday and you splurge with a big slice of chocolate cake,heavy on the icing.Shortly afterwards,your blood glucose levels rise until an endocrine mechanism (secretion of insulin)counteracts this rise and glucose levels decline.The initial change in blood glucose and insulin response that follows is an example of:

A)physiological constancy.
B)diffusion.
C)homeostasis.
D)positive feedback.
E)lack of homeostasis.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following would NOT be an example of negative feedback control in homeostasis?

A)Blood volume and pressure drop due to minor bleeding.This decreased pressure causes the kidneys to increase water reabsorption to restore blood volume and pressure.
B)Exposure to cold water causes body temperature to drop.Decreased stimulation of heat receptors causes constriction of blood vessels near the skin and better retention of heat.
C)Glucose levels rise following consumption of a big dessert,triggering release of insulin which causes glucose levels to fall.
D)During the birth process,stretch receptors in the uterus stimulate the release of oxytocin from the pituitary glanD.This hormone stimulates uterine muscle contraction that increases stimulation of the stretch receptors.
E)Blood levels of glucose fall during sustained exercise,causing the release of glucagon which stimulates the release of glucose into the blood.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following tissue types is specialized to conduct electrical signals?

A)Nervous
B)Muscle
C)Epithelial
D)Connective
E)Both nervous and epithelial tissue are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In negative feedback,the variable being regulated is changed in the _______ direction,while in positive feedback the variable is changed in the ________ direction.

A)same,opposite
B)decreasing,increasing
C)negative,positive
D)inhibitory,stimulatory
E)opposite,same

Question 5

Imagine you are entering a darkened cavern.You are excited,but also a little nervous.Your heart rate quickens,your blood pressure rises slightly,and your digestive system activity decreases as blood is diverted to your muscles-all changes that prepare you should you need to move rapidly.This type of change is an example of:

A)positive feedback control.
B)negative feedback control.
C)a failure of homeostasis.
D)feedforward regulation.
E)open loop feedback.

Question 6

In all animals,the largest percentage of the body's fluids are located in the:

A)intracellular compartment.
B)extracellular compartment.
C)interstitial fluid.
D)plasma.
E)hemolymph.

Question 7

Which major tissue type exhibits the shortening of its cells (i.e. ,contraction)as a major function?

A)Nervous
B)Muscle
C)Epithelial
D)Connective

Question 8

The human body's arterial blood pH is tightly maintained around 7.4 by buffering agents that bind hydrogen ions to stop any change in pH.If an acid-base imbalance overcomes the buffer system,the body changes the ventilation rate,or the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lungs.Changing the ventilation rate changes the concentration of CO₂ in the blood,which alters the pH of the blood.In this case,pH 7.4 is the:

A)homeostatic challenge.
B)sensor.
C)effector.
D)integrator.
E)set point.

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics would be true of an epithelium specialized for exchange by diffusion (e.g. ,a respiratory epithelium)?

A)Thin with a relatively large surface area
B)Thick with a relatively large surface area
C)Thin with a relatively small surface area
D)Thick with a relatively small surface area
E)Thin with a small surface area/volume ratio

Question 10

Collagen is a tough,stretch-resistant protein.You would be most likely to find collagen in which tissue type?

A)Nervous
B)Muscle
C)Epithelial
D)Connective
E)Epithelial and connective tissue

Question 11

In contrast to regulators,animals that are conformers:

A)are able to alter their immediate external surroundings in order to maintain homeostasis.
B)require large stores of ATP to maintain homeostasis.
C)have a feature of their internal body composition that matches their external surroundings.
D)cannot live in extremely cold environments,such as the Antarctic Ocean.
E)cannot adapt to the external environment.

Question 12

Connective tissue serves to support and bind other tissues.Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?

A)Bone
B)Cartilage
C)Neurons
D)Fat
E)Blood

Question 13

The human body's arterial blood pH is tightly maintained around 7.4 by buffering agents that bind hydrogen ions to stop any change in pH.If an acid-base imbalance overcomes the buffer system,the body changes the ventilation rate,or the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lungs.Changing the ventilation rate changes the concentration of CO₂ in the blood,which alters the pH of the blood.In this case,the muscles that control the ventilation rate are acting as the:

A)homeostatic challenge.
B)sensor.
C)effector.
D)integrator.
E)set point.

Question 14

In scleroderma,patients develop a buildup of collagen in their organs.Scleroderma is a disease of what tissue type?

A)Epithelial tissue
B)Muscle tissue
C)Connective Tissue
D)Nervous tissue

Question 15

Your friend has a dog Rex that she feeds every night immediately after she gets up from the dinner table.You are dog-sitting one weekend and you decide to keep Rex at your house rather than leave him alone in hers.After you eat dinner and get up to clear the table,Rex starts salivating profusely and runs to his food bowl.Rex's behavior is an example of:

A)an automatic reflex.
B)a conditioned response.
C)an irrelevant response.
D)the anticipatory response.
E)permanent conditioning.

Question 16

Which of the following tissue types are attached to a basal lamina or basement membrane?

A)Nervous
B)Muscle
C)Epithelial
D)Connective
E)Cartilaginous

Question 17

The barrier between the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments in an animal or plant is the:

A)plasma membrane.
B)walls of capillaries.
C)nuclear membrane.
D)membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
E)membrane of the Golgi apparatus.

Question 18

Interstitial cystitis is a painful condition characterized by bladder pain and chronic inflammation of the bladder wall.Interstitial cystitis is a disease of the:

A)reproductive system.
B)excretory system.
C)nervous system.
D)digestive system.
E)endocrine system.

Question 19

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A)Simple cuboidal;kidney tubules
B)Transitional epithelium;bladder
C)Stratified squamous;esophagus
D)Simple columnar;intestines
E)Simple squamous;nasal passages

Question 20

In the blood clotting process,platelets arrive at the site of damage and start secreting substances to attract more platelets.More platelets arrive at the site and secrete attractants to recruit more platelets.This is an example of:

A)negative feedback.
B)positive feedback.
C)feedforward regulation.
D)paracrine signaling.
E)electrical signaling.

Question 21

The energy expenditure of a mammal at rest under controlled conditions is referred to as its

A)basal metabolic rate.
B)standardized metabolic rate.
C)baseline metabolic rate.
D)activated metabolic rate.
E)total metabolic ratE.

Question 22

The inner mitochondrial membrane contains numerous inward folds called cristae,which greatly increase the surface area of this membrane.Because ATP is produced on the inner mitochondrial membrane,cristae enhance the ability of the mitochondria to generate ATP.What structure can be thought of as similar to these cristae?

A)Epithelial tissue
B)Finger-like projections of a human's small intestine
C)Bronchiole
D)Cartilage

Question 23

The most common measurement of energy in biological systems is the kilocalorie.This is the amount of energy that would be required to raise the temperature of what quantity of water one degree Celsius?

A)0.1 g
B)1 g
C)10 g
D)1,000 g
E)10,000 g

Question 24

Small birds must eat more frequently than large birds in order to maintain their body temperature.This is because:

A)small birds are cold-blooded.
B)small birds have a lower surface area to volume ratio than large birds.
C)small birds have a higher surface area to volume ratio than large birds.
D)large birds are cold-bloodeD.

Question 25

If ATP production was regulated by positive feedback,then high levels of ATP in muscle cells would:

A)stimulate more ATP production.
B)inhibit more ATP production.
C)not alter ATP production.
D)stimulate ATP degradation.
E)All of the answers for this question are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following lists the organization of a mammalian body from least to most complex?

A)Tissue-cell-organ system-organ
B)Organ system-organ-tissue-cell
C)Cell-tissue-organ-organ system
D)Tissue-organ-cell-organ system
E)Organ-organ system-tissue-cell

Question 27

Spider crabs are an osmoconforming species,which likely means:

A)they have the same temperature as their environment.
B)they regulate their temperature within their environment.
C)they have the same solute concentration as their environment.
D)they regulate their solute concentration within their environment.

Question 28

When body temperature drops below normal,a person starts shivering uncontrollably.This is an example of negative feedback.

Question 29

An organ must contain at least:

A)two different tissue types.
B)two different cell types.
C)all four of the tissue types.
D)connective tissue.
E)two different muscle types.

Question 30

Homeostasis refers to the property of maintaining particular physiological variables such as body temperature and solute concentrations absolutely constant.

Question 31

Salmon are able to live in both fresh water and salt water.Salmon are therefore:

A)conformers.
B)regulators.
C)conditioned.
D)effectors.

Question 32

Which of the following is not one of the four tissue types?

A)Muscle
B)Nervous
C)Epithelial
D)Connective
E)Squamal

Question 33

Insulin is a peptide hormone that controls the level of glucose in the blood.It is released from the pancreas as soon as you eat,even before blood glucose levels rise.This is an example of:

A)positive feedback.
B)negative feedback.
C)feed-forward regulation.
D)conditioning.

Question 34

Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.

Question 35

All of the following are methods used to exchange heat with the environment except

A)radiation.
B)conduction.
C)convection.
D)evaporation.
E)diffusion.

Question 36

The readout recorded in Pavlov's experiments on learning and feedforward regulation was:

A)amount of food the dogs ate.
B)how quickly the dogs ate.
C)how long the metronome ticked.
D)amount of saliva collecteD.

Question 37

A lizard warming himself on a rock in the sun is an example of:

A)negative feedback.
B)regulating.
C)conforming.
D)conditioning.

Question 38

In homeostatic control,the _________ compensates for any deviation between the actual value and the set point.In body temperature regulation in mammals,this function is carried out by __________.

A)effector;skeletal muscle
B)sensor;neurons
C)effector;brain
D)integrator;skeletal muscle
E)integrator;brain

Question 39

Cardiac muscle is under voluntary control.

Question 40

How do endotherms and ectotherms derive most of their body heat?

A)Both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes.
B)Ectotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes,while endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment
C)Ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment,while endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes.
D)Both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment.
E)Ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their fur,while endotherms derive most of their body heat through insulating scales.

Question 41

Newborn humans face thermoregulatory challenges as do small mammals.One mechanism they use to generate heat is

A)shivering thermogenesis in "brown fat."
B)nonshivering thermogenesis in "brown fat."
C)convection in "brown fat."
D)evaporation in "brown fat."
E)radiation in "brown fat."

Question 42

The best terms for a fish whose body temperature varied between 4^oC during the day when it is in deep,cold ocean waters and 26^oC during the night when it comes to the surface to feed would be

A)endothermic and homeothermic.
B)endothermic and heterothermic.
C)ectothermic and homeothermiC.
D)ectothermic and heterothermic.
E)ectothermic and endothermic.

Question 43

After a meal,ectotherms often situate themselves in a warm and or sunny spot.This can be critical to the health of the animal.Why is this process important?

A)The digestive process is enzyme catalyzed and regulated within the body.This behavior has nothing to do with digestion.
B)The digestive process is enzyme catalyzed.An increase of 10 degrees Celsius can increase the rate of enzyme-driven reactions 2-3 times the original rate.
C)The digestive process is enzyme catalyzed.An increase of 10 degrees Celsius can increase the rate of enzyme-driven reactions 10 times the original rate.
D)The digestive process is enzyme catalyzeD.An increase of 10 degrees Celsius can decrease the rate of enzyme-driven reactions,which provides more time for greater nutrient absorption.

Question 44

You can be outside on an day where the air temperature is 85^oF for hours without getting cold.However,you will get cold in 85^oF water before too long unless you are very active.This difference is due to

A)higher heat radiation in water relative to air.
B)higher heat conduction in water relative to air.
C)higher heat convection in water relative to air.
D)higher heat evaporation in water relative to air.
E)higher heat transpiration in water relative to air.