Deck 36: Circulatory Systems

Question 1

Which structure prevents blood flowing back into the heart from the aorta between heartbeats?

A)semilunar valve
B)atrioventricular valve
C)tricuspid valve
D)mitral valve
E)ductus arteriosus

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The "hematocrit" is a measure of the total volume of which blood constituent?

A)plasma
B)leukocytes
C)erythrocytes
D)platelets
E)None of the choices for this question are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which component of the blood is most important for clotting?

A)plasma
B)leukocytes
C)erythrocytes
D)platelets
E)All of the choices listed for this question are important for clotting.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The sinoatrial node consists of a form of this tissue.

A)nervous
B)muscular
C)epithelial
D)connective
E)adipose

Question 5

What is considered the most critical function of erythrocytes?

A)the transport of oxygen
B)the transport of carbon dioxide
C)buffering against changes in blood pH
D)assisting in clot formation

Question 6

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein will drain first into the

A)vena cavA.
B)left atrium.
C)right atrium.
D)left ventricle.
E)right ventriclE.

Question 7

Animal groups differ in the mechanisms by which heartbeats are initiated.Most arthropods have a

A)neurogenic heart while vertebrates have a myogenic heart.
B)myogenic heart while vertebrates have a neurogenic heart.
C)neurogenic heart while vertebrates have a cardiogenic heart.
D)cardiogenic heart while vertebrates have a myogenic heart.
E)autonomous heart while vertebrates have a neurally controlled heart.

Question 8

When compared to the pressure of blood leaving the left ventricle,the pressure of blood leaving the right ventricle is

A)greater.
B)less.
C)not different.

Question 9

While shopping at your local drugstore,you stop at the blood pressure machine.It measures your blood pressure as 115/75 (good-that's healthy!).This number means that

A)arterial pressure is 115 mm Hg when the ventricles contract and 75 mm Hg in between ventricular contractions.
B)arterial pressure is 75 mm Hg when the ventricles contract and 115 mm Hg in between ventricular contractions.
C)arterial pressure is 115 mm Hg when the atria contract and 75 mm Hg in between atrial contractions.
D)your sinoatrial node generates a 115 mV signal and your atrioventricular node generates a 75 mV signal.
E)your sinoatrial node generates a 75 mV signal and your atrioventricular node amplifies this to a 75 mV signal.

Question 10

A key influence of the location of the atrioventricular node on the heartbeat is to

A)speed up the conduction of the electrical impulse to contract as it passes from the atria to the ventricles.
B)slow down the conduction of the electrical impulse to contract as it passes from the atria to the ventricles.
C)act as a barrier that prevents the conduction of the electrical impulse to contract as it passes from the atria to the ventricles.
D)not alter the speed at which the electrical impulse to contract passes from the atria to the ventricles.
E)block backflow of blood from the aorta into the right ventriclE.

Question 11

The meshwork that forms the fabric of a blood clot mostly consists of

A)fibrinogen.
B)fibrin.
C)thrombin.
D)prothrombin.
E)collagen.

Question 12

The electrical stimulus for each human heartbeat begins in the

A)right atrium at the sinoatrial node.
B)left atrium at the sinoatrial node.
C)right atrium at the atrioventricular node.
D)right ventricle at the atrioventricular node.
E)pulmonary trunk at the sinoatrial nodE.

Question 13

In general,the vessels that carry blood away from the heart in a closed circulatory system are referred to as

A)arteries.
B)veins.
C)capillaries.
D)sinuses.
E)auxiliary hearts.

Question 14

In general,the vessels that return blood to the heart in a closed circulatory system are referred to as

A)arteries.
B)veins.
C)capillaries.
D)sinuses.
E)auxiliary hearts.

Question 15

The "QRS" complex visible in a normal electrocardiogram is associated with the

A)excitation from the AV node and depolarization of the ventricles.
B)excitation from the SA node and depolarization of the atria.
C)excitation from the SA node and repolarization of the ventricles.
D)excitation from the AV node and repolarization of the atria.
E)activity in the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholinE.

Question 16

Which structure prevents blood flowing back into the atria during ventricular contractions?

A)semilunar valves
B)atrioventricular valves
C)sinoatrial node
D)carotid blood shunts
E)foramen ovale

Question 17

These are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart.

A)Amphibians
B)Birds
C)Fishes
D)Mammals
E)Reptiles

Question 18

You expect to find the lowest overall blood pressure in

A)humans.
B)sparrows.
C)alligators.
D)ostrich.
E)salmon.

Question 19

Place the events of a cardiac cycle in order,starting with the return of deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 20

Imagine a red blood cell leaving the right ventricle of your heart.To which chamber of the heart will that cell return first?

A)right atrium
B)right ventricle
C)left atrium
D)left ventricle
E)impossible to say from information given

Question 21

Which changes would not be expected to cause vasodilation in an arteriole?

A)decreases in carbon dioxide
B)increases in lactic acid
C)increases in potassium ion concentration
D)decreases in pH

Question 22

A reduction in blood pressure due to hemorrhage would be expected to increase stimulation of baroreceptors.

Question 23

The development of hypertension in humans is associated with obesity,smoking,age,and kidney disease.

Question 24

During their diastole,the heart chambers are contracting.

Question 25

As you are analyzing the blood sample of a human patient,you note an abnormally high number of erythrocytes.Predict the effects of this situation.

A)Less oxygen would reach the tissues.
B)More nutrients would reach cells.
C)Immune function would improve.
D)The ease of flow for the blood could decrease.

Question 26

The lining the circulatory system is termed endothelium.

Question 27

Atherosclerosis is a pathophysiological process resulting from the

A)accumulation of plaque in blood vessels.
B)reduced arterial resistance.
C)elevated vasodilation in the limbs.
D)chronic myocardial infarction.
E)coronary artery bypass.

Question 28

Relative to closed circulatory systems,Open Circulatory Systems pump hemolymph at relatively high pressure.

Question 29

Why are vasodilation and vasoconstriction the main mechanisms to change blood flow?

A)Blood vessel length is relatively fixed and has no effect on blood flow.
B)Blood hematocrit has no effect on blood flow.
C)Leakage of fluids from the capillaries has no effect on blood flow.
D)Sympathetic activation has no effect on blood flow.

Question 30

In an open circulatory system,there is no difference between blood and interstitial fluid.

Question 31

Essentially all exchange of gases and other materials between the circulatory system and tissues of the body or the outside world (e.g. ,in the lungs)occurs in the

A)capillaries.
B)arteries.
C)veins.
D)heart.
E)lymphatic system.

Question 32

"Vasodilation" refers to a decrease in arteriole diameter.

Question 33

Standing still and at attention for long periods can result in inadequate venous return.The effects of this can be seen when even young and healthy soldiers sometimes faint when standing at attention for long periods.Which of the following is NOT occurring to promote return of blood from the venous system in this situation?

A)sympathetic activation of smooth muscle in large veins
B)skeletal muscle activity compressing veins and forcing blood flow
C)one way flow in the venous system due to valves
D)ventricular contraction

Question 34

The walls of veins tend to be thicker and more elastic than those of comparably sized arteries.

Question 35

What governs the movement of fluid out of capillaries at the arteriolar end?

A)The pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than that of the blood.
B)The pressure of the blood is less than that of the interstitial fluid.
C)The pressure of the blood is greater than the osmotic force of the interstitial fluid.
D)The pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than the pressure of the blooD.
E)The pressure of the blood is greater than the pressure of the interstitial fluid.

Question 36

The pulmonary vein carries blood that is rich in oxygen back to the heart.Is there anything unexpected about the name of this vein?

A)There is nothing unexpected about the name of this vein.
B)Veins usually carry blood that has been depleted of oxygen.
C)Pulmonary refers to veins that carry blood to the lungs.
D)Veins usually carry blood away from the heart.

Question 37

Rises in blood pressure with large increases in cardiac output are limited by decreases in total peripheral resistance.

Question 38

Contraction of the muscles surrounding an arteriole that decreased its diameter by 50% would

A)increase the resistance in the arteriole approximately 16 fold.
B)decrease the resistance in the arteriole approximately 16 fold.
C)increase the resistance in the arteriole by approximately 50%.
D)decrease the resistance in the arteriole approximately 50%.
E)not be expected to change resistance in the arteriolE.

Question 39

Fluid that collects in tissues is returned to the bloodstream by the

A)excretory system.
B)digestive system.
C)lymphatic system.
D)vascular system.
E)endocrine system.

Question 40

Frogs have two atria,but only a single ventricle.

Question 41

As a physician listens to the heart of a human patient,he hears an an atypical "lub" sound.Which part of the heart might be malfunctioning?

A)the AV valve
B)the semiliunar valves
C)the right atrium
D)the right ventricle

Question 42

To form a blood clot,a series of plasma proteins must activate in a given sequence.If DNA info for one such protein mutates such that the resulting protein is nonfunctional,predict the consequence.

A)It depends on which protein is affected.
B)Regardless of the protein involved,the clot would not form.

Question 43

Imagine that a section of heart muscle no longer has gap junctions.What do you think would be the result?

A)The effects would be minimal from this change.
B)The ability of the heart muscle cells to contract would be severely compromised.
C)The ability of the heart muscle cells to reproduce would be severely compromised.
D)The ability of the heart muscle cells to coordinate their contractions would be severely compromiseD.

Question 44

Predict what would happen if the pulmonary vein returned blood to the right atrium.

A)The expected cardiac cycle would occur-this is the normal path.
B)Abnormally high levels of oxygenated blood would be pushed into the systemic circuit.
C)Oxygenated blood would be kept in a circular path between the heart and lungs-it would not reach the systemic circuit.
D)Abnormally high levels of deoxygenated blood would be pushed into the systemic circuit.

Question 45

Although any injury is worrisome,predict which situation would be most dangerous to an individual who lacks a clotting factor and therefore has blood that does not clot.

A)a student who receives a papercut from his term paper
B)a culinary arts student who cuts his finger with a sharp knife while cutting vegetables
C)a toddler who falls and hits his knee on a hard floor

Question 46

In cardiovascular disease,"M.I" refers to

A)a stroke.
B)a heart attack.
C)narrowed arteries.
D)high blood cholesterol.

Question 47

Imagine that you have been assigned the task of describing a new mammalian species.You note that this species has mutated so RBCs no longer go through final stage of maturation.Predict how this might affect the species.

A)Red blood cells could replicate outside of bone marrow since they retain their nuclei.
B)Red blood cells could improve their oxygen-carrying function.
C)Red blood cells would be better able to fight infection in the body.
D)Red blood cells could act as stem cells.