Deck 23: Plants

Question 1

Alternation of generations means

A)One phase of the life cycle takes place on land and the other in water.
B)One phase of the life cycle is photosynthetic and the other is heterotrophic.
C)One phase of the life cycle is diploid and the other is haploid.
D)One phase of the life cycle is unicellular and the other is multicellular.
E)One phase of the life cycle is motile and the other is stationary.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A prolonged period without rain is causing a major drought in the American Midwestern states.How would you expect crops to respond initially to the stress caused by the drought?

A)They will take in more carbon dioxide.
B)They will take in less carbon dioxide.
C)They will release more oxygen.
D)They will increase rates of photosynthesis.
E)They produce fewer secondary metabolites.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A tracheid is

A)a gametophyte cell
B)a small branch of an insect trachea
C)a seed-bearing stem
D)a specialized vascular cell
E)a reproductive chamber

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Moss sperm are produced in

A)archegonia
B)sporophytes
C)antheridia
D)lycophylls
E)stomata

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes the life cycles of streptophyte algae and plants?

A)The diploid generation of streptophyte algae is unicellular whereas the diploid generation of plants is multicellular.
B)The diploid generation of streptophyte algae is multicellular whereas the diploid generation of plants is unicellular.
C)The haploid generation of streptophyte algae is multicellular whereas the diploid generation of plants is unicellular.
D)The haploid and diploid generations of both steptophyte algae and plants are unicellular.
E)The haploid and diploid generations of both streptophyte algae and plants are multicellular.

Question 6

Ulva is a genus of algae in the phylum Chlorophyta.What characteristic does Ulva share with ferns?

A)Intercellular communication via plasmodesmata
B)The production of sperm and eggs for reproduction
C)The ability to synthesize organic nutrients using light
D)An embryonic sporophyte housed in maternal tissues
E)Vascular tissue for the transport of substances

Question 7

The waxy polymer on the leaves of vascular plants that protects them from pathogens is called

A)lignin
B)cutin
C)chitin
D)cellulose
E)sporopollenin

Question 8

Which of the following are arranged in the sequence in which the various taxa first appeared in time?

A)bacteria,protists,liverworts,lycophytes,streptophytes,angiosperms,gnetophytes
B)prokaryotes,protists,mosses,streptophytes,conifers,ferns,angiosperms
C)bacteria,streptophytes,protists,mosses,angiosperms,cycads
D)protists,prokaryotes,streptophytes,ferns,mosses,angiosperms,conifers
E)prokaryotes,protists,streptophytes,mosses,ferns,conifers,angiosperms

Question 9

While conducting a plant diversity survey in a temperate rainforest in Washington State,you come across a number of individuals of a low-lying plant species.Back at the lab,tests indicate that the majority of the plant material is haploid.The plant you discovered is likely most closely related to

A)complex streptophyte algae
B)Sphagnum moss
C)Lycophytes
D)Conifers
E)Daisies

Question 10

Why did the dinosaurs become extinct?

A)A meteorite or comet crashed into the Earth,causing smoke and ash that blocked the sun and caused death of the plants that were food for herbivorous dinosaurs.
B)Cycads and other gymnosperms upon which herbivorous dinosaurs fed declined,and the dinosaurs were unable to digest the angiosperms that arose in their place.
C)Increasing carbon dioxide levels produced climates too hot for the incubation of their eggs.
D)The changing climate caused the evolution of most dinosaur species into the existing bird,mammal,and reptile species that exist today.
E)The pollen produced by the rise in flowering plants produced allergenic responses in dinosaurs and interfered with their ability to communicate with potential mates.

Question 11

Sporopollenin is

A)a tough protective covering on spores
B)pollen that is produced in a sporophyte
C)the conversion of pollen to spores
D)a capsule housing pollen
E)food stored in pollen for the growing embryo

Question 12

After a decline to an historic low about 300 million years ago,carbon dioxide levels in the Earth's atmosphere rose again for a while.Hypothesize a reason why this occurred.

A)All the vegetation that had been produced prior to the historic low decayed,releasing carbon dioxide.
B)Higher oxygen levels resulted in the proliferation of aerobic bacteria;their respiration released large amounts of carbon dioxide.
C)Higher temperatures caused an increase in plant growth,resulting in an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide synthesized.
D)Lower temperatures resulted in reduced plant growth;with less vegetation to absorb carbon dioxide,the carbon dioxide levels rose.
E)Higher oxygen levels promoted large-scale fires across the landscape;the breakdown of organic molecules in these fires released carbon dioxidE.

Question 13

Endosperm is

A)sperm after it has entered the archegonium
B)nutritive tissue produced within antheridia
C)sperm cells enclosed within pollen grains
D)tissue stored in seeds that provides nutrition for embryos
E)sperm produced at the end of the flowering season

Question 14

Plants and complex streptophyte algae share a number of derived traits,except:

A)plasmodesmatA.
B)sexual reproduction.
C)chlorophyll a and b.
D)plant specific features of cell division.

Question 15

The main effect of burning peat,wood,coal,and petroleum on the Earth's climate is

A)The fires significantly heat the air and cause a rise in global temperature.
B)The smoke blocks sunlight from reaching the Earth and causes a significant lowering of the Earth's temperature.
C)The fires release back into the atmosphere carbon dioxide that was once taken from the atmosphere by plants and stored in their own tissues;the increased carbon dioxide holds in solar heat and causes a rise in temperature.
D)The rising heat from fires produces wind that cools the surface of the Earth.
E)The fires use up oxygen that would otherwise block penetration of ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth;the increased ultraviolet radiation heats the Earth.

Question 16

Kingdom Plantae is a clade comprised of bryophytes and what other group?

A)streptophyte algae
B)tracheophytes
C)spermatophytes
D)gymnosperms
E)angiosperms

Question 17

The conducting tissue found in vascular plants that functions in transportation of materials throughout the plant,but does not lend structural support to the stem is

A)xylem
B)phloem
C)sporopollenin
D)endosperm
E)lycophyll

Question 18

Endosperm is found in

A)angiosperms
B)gymnosperms
C)ferns
D)mosses
E)horsetails

Question 19

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of fruits and seeds?

A)"Fruits" and "seeds" are synonymous terms.
B)Fruits always have fleshy coverings,while those of seeds are always hard.
C)Fruits are structures that contain seeds and foster seed dispersal.
D)Fruits contain endosperm but seeds do not.
E)Fruits are produced only by angiosperms and seeds are produced exclusively by gymnosperms.

Question 20

Wild cherry (Prunus avium)is a tree that is native to Europe and parts of Asia and Africa.It has been widely cultivated by humans for its fruit,which are also attractive to birds.Based on this information,wild cherry is most closely related to which of the following plants?

A)Liverworts
B)Mosses
C)Ferns
D)Pine trees
E)Roses

Question 21

Double fertilization is

A)fertilization of two eggs in the same flower
B)fertilization of an egg by two sperm
C)fertilization of an egg by one sperm and an endosperm-forming cell by another sperm
D)fertilization of two eggs by the same sperm
E)fertilization of an egg and an endosperm-forming cell by the same sperm

Question 22

Pseudoephedrine,based on the chemical structure of ephedrine from the Gnetophyte genus Ephedra,is used as a treatment for:

A)cancer
B)congestion
C)headache
D)malaria
E)erectile dysfunction

Question 23

Meiosis does not occur in gametophytes.

Question 24

Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced outside of primary metabolic processes essential for cell structure and growth.Based on this information,which of the following is an example of a secondary metabolite?

A)glucose
B)lipids
C)proteins
D)RNA
E)steroids

Question 25

What is the most likely consequence of a mutation that causes sporopollenin to degrade quickly after it is synthesized?

A)A reduction in the ability of pollinators to detect and transfer pollen grains to a stigmA.
B)A reduction in the ability of spores to disperse to new areas.
C)A reduction in the ability of the integument of an ovule to develop into a seed coat.
D)A decrease in the number of sperm that can be produceD.
E)A decrease in the ability of the pollen grain or spore to open when a suitable location is found.

Question 26

The K/T event was the transition of plants from water to land.

Question 27

The conspicuous green parts of ferns that you see in the woods are mostly sporophytes.

Question 28

If you were given a large showy flower with three petals,six stamens,and three carpels,would you consider it likely to be:

A)a monocot
B)a eudicot
C)a hybrid
D)Amborella trichopoda
E)a gymnosperm

Question 29

Which of the following statements best compares the two dominant lineages of modern angiosperms?

A)Monocots have only one pistil per flower whereas eudicots have three.
B)Monocots have only one cotyledon whereas eudicots have two.
C)Monocots have only one stamen per flower whereas eudicots have six.
D)Monocots are monophyletic whereas eudicots have multiple origins.

Question 30

The perianth of a flower consists of:

A)the pistil and stamens
B)the petals and sepals
C)the pedicel and receptacle
D)the anthers and stigma
E)the style and ovary

Question 31

In seed-bearing plants,what structure becomes the seed following fertilization?

A)The microsporangium
B)The pollen grain
C)The ovule
D)The endosperm
E)The sporophyte

Question 32

Global deforestation remains a major concern as huge tracts of rainforest are cut down each day.How does the removal of such large numbers of trees from the world's forests affect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A)The concentration of carbon dioxide increases,which has a warming effect on the climate.
B)The concentration of carbon dioxide increases,which has a cooling effect on the climate.
C)The concentration of carbon dioxide decreases,which has a warming effect on the climate.
D)The concentration of carbon dioxide decreases,which has a cooling effect on the climate.
E)The concentration of carbon dioxide remains unchanged,with no effect on the climatE.

Question 33

Flowers,fruits,and endosperm are defining characteristics of the angiosperms.

Question 34

The route followed by a sperm from production to fertilization in a flowering plant is:

A)A sperm cell,enclosed in a pollen grain with another sperm,is produced in the pistil that explosively ejects it into the air where it is transported to a stigma from which it passes through a pollen tube that grows down the style to the ovary,enters the ovule and joins with the egg cell.
B)A sperm cell,enclosed in a pollen grain with another sperm,is produced in the anther,transported to a stigma where it passes through a pollen tube that grows down the style to the ovary,enters the ovule and joins with the egg cell.
C)A sperm cell,enclosed in a pollen grain with another sperm,is produced in the filament,transported to a stigma where it passes through a pollen tube that grows down the style to the ovary,enters the ovule and joins with the egg cell.
D)A sperm cell,enclosed in a pollen grain with another sperm,is produced in the anther,transported to the pedicel where it passes through a pollen tube that grows down the style to the ovary,enters the ovule and joins with the egg cell.
E)A sperm cell is produced in the anther,transported to a stigma where it becomes enclosed along with another sperm cell into a pollen grain that grows down the style to the ovary,enters the ovule and joins with the egg cell.

Question 35

The conspicuous green patches of mosses that you see in the woods are mostly sporophytes.

Question 36

Although land plants,mosses are still tied to water because of their flagellated sperm.

Question 37

Which of the following statements best compares the ovary,ovule,and egg?

A)The three terms are synonymous.
B)The ovary is the lower part of the pistil that houses the ovules (also called eggs).
C)An ovule is the lower part of the pistil that houses the ovary that in turn contains the eggs.
D)Ovules are small ovaries and either can produce eggs.
E)The ovary is the lower part of the pistil that houses the ovules that in turn contain the eggs.

Question 38

Picea glauca is a seed-bearing plant.What other characteristic MUST be true of this species?

A)It produces flowers.
B)It produces fruits.
C)The gametophyte is the dominant generation.
D)It has vascular tissue.
E)Double-fertilization results in the production of endosperm.

Question 39

In conifers,microspores develop into:

A)flagellated sperm
B)pollen grains
C)ovules
D)a nucellus
E)male cones

Question 40

Which statement best describes the relationship between a carpel and a pistil?

A)The two terms are merely two names for the same thing.
B)A pistil is part of a male component of the flower whereas a carpel is part of a female component.
C)A pistil can be composed of either a single carpel (in which case the two terms are synonymous)or of two or more carpels fused together.
D)A pistil is a reproductive part of a flower whereas a carpel is a showy vegetative part.
E)A pistil is part of the female component of a flower and a carpel is not even a flower part at all.

Question 41

Stamens and carpels are,in fact,modified sporangia-bearing leaves.

Question 42

In the evolution of plants,wood appeared before seeds.

Question 43

The function of nectar is:

A)provision of carbohydrates for the plant
B)attraction of pollinators
C)preservation of delicate flower parts
D)a sticky trap for parasitic insects
E)prevention of desiccation

Question 44

The fruits of legumes:

A)are fleshy and sweet and are dispersed by birds
B)are winged and dispersed by wind
C)split down both sides and the seeds fall out
D)have corky hulls that make them buoyant and are dispersed by water
E)have hooks that cling to mammals and are dispersed by them

Question 45

Among the mammals,only some primates (including most humans)have color vision.What was the likely advantage that probably drove the evolution of primate color vision?

A)The ability to identify plants with medicinal value
B)The ability to find ripe fruit
C)The ability to enjoy the aesthetic value of flowers
D)The ability to prepare for winter as portended by autumn colors of leaves
E)The ability to identify grains most appropriate for domestication

Question 46

Conifers produce copious amounts of pollen during reproduction.What would be a likely consequence of a significant reduction in the amount of pollen produced by conifers?

A)There would be little effect because pollinators would still be able to transfer pollen from the male cones to the appropriate female cones.
B)There would be a significant negative effect on the viability of seeds because double fertilization could not occur,so there would be no food available for the growing embryo.
C)There would be a decrease in the number of seeds produced because the chances of pollen reaching a female cone of the same species would be reduced.
D)There would be a significant decrease in the genetic diversity of embryos,but little effect on the number of seeds as only one pollen grain is necessary to fertilize a single female cone.

Question 47

Teosinte was the forerunner of modern:

A)rice
B)wheat
C)oats
D)barley
E)maize

Question 48

Ginkgo trees and humans have similar chromosomal sex-determination systems.